基于人工神经网络的超细晶纯钛热变形本构模型研究

对等通道转角挤压(ECAP)制备的超细晶纯钛,在温度为250~450 ℃、应变速率为10_-5~1s_-1的条件下进行热压缩实验。基于真应力和真应变实验数据,分别使用人工神经网络(ANN)和Arrhenius方程建立超细晶纯钛的热变形本构模型,研究其热变形行为。实验结果表明：在变形初期,流变应力随应变的增大而升高,随后趋于平缓,最终流变应力达到一个稳定值。人工神经网络训练和预测结果表明：人工神经网络最佳结构为3×12×1,人工神经网络模型预测的平均相对误差(AARE)为2.1%,相关系数(R)为0.9979,Arrhenius方程模型预测的AARE为11.54%,R为0.9464。即人工神经网络模型能够更加精确的描述超细晶纯钛的本构关系。通过对比不同温度下两种模型的误差,人工神经网络模型在高温条件下具有更好的稳定性。     

基于GA-Arrhenius本构模型的EA4T钢高温变形行为北大核心CSCD

通过Gleeble-3800热模拟实验机,对EA4T车轴钢分别在变形温度为970、1070和1170℃及应变速率为0.01、0.1和1.0 s的条件下进行热压缩实验,压缩至最大真应变为0.8。以得到的真应力-真应变实验数据为基础,分别建立了考虑应变补偿的Arrhenius本构模型和经过遗传算法优化后的Arrhenius本构模型(GA-Arrhenius),用于预测真应力与真应变的关系。为了验证GA-Arrhenius本构模型在真应力预测中的优越性,使用相关系数R、平均绝对误差AARE和均方根误差RMSE来说明其预测精度。实验结果表明:采用Arrhenius本构模型时,R=0.9970、AARE=3.4232%、RMSE=2.8773 MPa;采用GA-Arrhenius本构模型时,R=0.9982、AARE=2.6577%、RMSE=2.2110 MPa。说明相较Arrhenius本构模型,GA-Arrhenius本构模型能够更好地预测EA4T钢热成形过程中的真应力与真应变的关系,可以实现更高精度的有限元数值模拟。     

Ti60合金的流变应力行为及人工神经网络本构模型

采用Thermecmaster-Z型热加工模拟试验机对Ti60合金试样进行等温恒应变速率压缩试验,研究该合金在变形温度为600～950℃,应变速率为0.001～10s~(-1)条件下的流变应力行为,并构建人工神经网络(ANN)本构模型。结果表明,Ti60合金的流变应力随变形温度的升高和应变速率的下降而减小。在不同的变形条件下,Ti60合金的流变应力-应变曲线分别呈现流动稳态型和流动软化型两种特征。基于ANN所建立的本构模型预测精度高,流变应力试验值与预测值之间的相对误差在±5%以内,平均相对误差为1.82%,且相关系数趋近于1,能准确地描述并预测Ti60合金的流变应力行为。     

铸态GH4169合金热变形行为及三种本构模型对比

在Gleeble-1500热力模拟机上对铸态GH4169合金进行热压缩试验,变形参数为:温度(1193～1373K)、应变速率(0.01～10s~(-1))、变形量50%。通过分析真应力真应变曲线,研究铸态GH4169合金的热变形行为;对比分析了Johnson-Cook(JC)、修正的Johnson-Cook(MJC)和应变补偿Arrhenius3种本构模型的相关系数(R)和平均相对误差(AARE)。结果表明:铸态GH4169合金的流变应力随变形温度的升高和应变速率的降低而减小。JC模型、MJC模型和应变补偿的Arrhenius本构模型的相关系数(R)分别为0.891、0.956和0.961,AARE依次为29.02%、11.16%和9.31%。因此,应变补偿的Arrhenius模型能够更为精确地描述铸态GH4169的热变形行为。     

TC4 ELI钛合金的热变形行为及本构关系研究

利用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机对TC4 ELI钛合金在两相区温度为750~950℃、应变速率为0.001~70s-1条件下进行等温恒应变速率压缩试验,分析了该合金的热变形行为,并采用Arrhenius方程和BP人工神经网络模型建立了该合金的本构关系模型。结果表明,应变速率与变形温度对TC4 ELI钛合金流变应力影响显著,流变应力随变形温度升高和应变速率降低而降低;在两相区热变形时,原始组织α相发生了不同程度的球化/动态再结晶,并且低应变速率会促进球化/动态再结晶的发生;采用Arrhenius方程和BP人工神经网络模型建立的本构方程平均误差分别为17.51%和1.36%,BP人工神经网络模型具有更高的精度,更适合用于TC4 ELI钛合金的流动应力预测。     

Ni-40Ti形状记忆合金热变形行为及本构关系的建立

在Gleeble-3500热/力模拟试验机上对轧态Ni-40Ti形状记忆合金进行等温恒应变速率拉伸试验,研究了变形温度为650~850℃,应变速率为0.01~1.00s~(-1)条件下合金的热变形行为。结果表明,应变速率和变形温度对流变应力具有显著影响,合金流变应力随着变形温度升高和应变速率降低而降低。基于Arrhenius方程和多元线性回归法构建了合金本构关系模型。误差分析表明,采用Arrhenius方程预测轧态Ni-40Ti合金的热拉伸变形行为存在较大误差;而采用多元线性回归法建立的本构模型能较准确预测轧态Ni-40Ti合金的热拉伸变形行为,流变应力预测值与试验值符合较好。     

Ti6242合金的热变形行为及加工图

利用Gleeble-3800对Ti6242合金进行热模拟压缩试验。研究了压缩量为60%、应变速率分别为0.01、0.1、1、10 s-1,变形温度分别是900、950、1000、1050、1100℃条件下试样的热变形行为。根据试验参数得出Ti6242合金本构方程,绘制Ti6242合金真应力-应变曲线,基于动态材料模型建立热加工图。结果表明,流变应力随着变形温度的升高而下降,随着应变速率的增加而升高,变形激活能Q=453.74 k J/mol,最佳热加工工艺为变形温度1000~1050℃应变速率0.1 s-1左右。     

TA11钛合金热变形本构方程

在Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机上进行等温热压缩试验,得到TA11钛合金在温度为954~1074℃、应变速率为0.05~5 s~(-1)、变形量为60%条件下的真应力-真应变曲线。根据真应力-真应变曲线,分析流变应力随变形温度、应变速率和应变的变化规律。结果表明,流变应力与变形速率成正比,与变形温度成反比;利用Arrhenius双曲正弦方程和Z参数建立了TA11钛合金的热变形本构方程。经验证明,试验值与所建立的本构方程的预测值吻合较好,可用于预测TA11钛合金塑性变形过程中的变形抗力和作为有限元数值模拟的材料模型。     

高强韧Ti6246合金热变形行为及应变补偿型本构模型

在温度为1123~1423 K,应变速率为0.01~10 s-1条件下,对Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo(Ti6246)合金进行高温热压缩试验。研究温度、应变速率和应变对Ti6246合金高温流变应力的影响规律,建立了该合金考虑应变补偿的Arrhenius本构模型,同时获得了热激活能Q和本构模型中材料参数对应变的响应规律。将模型计算结果与热压缩试验值进行对比发现,预测结果较为准确,其相关系数(R)及平均相对误差(AARE)分别为0.9984和1.71%,表明该合金热变形过程中的流变应力可用构建的应变补偿Arrhenius本构模型来描述。     

轻合金热变形本构模型研究

本构方程很好地表达了材料的应力与应变速率、变形温度等热加工参数之间的关系,是描述材料变形的基本信息和有限元模拟中不可或缺的数学模型。基于两种典型的轻合金镁合金和钛合金,借助热模拟试验,对四种现有本构模型进行了示例对比分析,发现这四种本构模型都能在一定程度上很好地描述材料的流变应力与热变形参数之间的关系。基于Arrhenius方程的本构模型是在单一应变下建立的,反映了单一应变下温度、应变速率和应力之间的相互作用关系;基于应变补偿的本构模型则体现了温度、应变、应变速率和应力之间的复杂非线性关系;基于ANN的本构模型可以实现其他非实验条件的应力内插预测;基于物理概念的本构模型适合于高速率且应变硬化占主导的变形过程流变应力的预测。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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