LF2铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接接头磨损性能研究

试验了LF2铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接接头的摩擦磨损行为，通过观察接头磨损表面形貌没有发现明显的大块剥落开裂迹象。表面呈现疲劳磨损特征。这是由于搅拌摩擦焊接头形成的细小等轴晶粒导致裂纹扩展困难所造成的。     

AZ91D薄板搅拌摩擦焊

实现了厚度为2.2 mm铸造镁合金AZ91D薄板的搅拌摩擦焊和钨极氩弧焊,分析了搅拌摩擦焊工艺参数对焊接接头成形的影响和接头组织变化,考察了搅拌摩擦焊接头的力学性能.在搅拌头旋转速度为1 380 r/min时得到了比较理想的焊接接头,而1 960 r/min的转速过大.接头不同区域所受的机械力和热量不同,显微组织明显不同.搅拌区晶粒细小,显微硬度和强度都有所提高.搅拌摩擦焊接头力学性能与热输入有关;与氩弧焊接头相比,搅拌摩擦焊接接头的性能更好.     

搅拌摩擦焊及氩弧焊接头的组织形貌

对1060铝合金进行了搅拌摩擦焊和氩孤焊，对比分析了2种工艺方法对铝合金焊接接头组织演变行为的影响，结果表明：双面氩弧焊接头组织表现出明显的铸态组织，并且靠近熔池的柱状晶沿母材向对接中心线显著增大，所产生的内应力增加了晶界开裂的倾向；搅拌摩擦焊接头比氩弧焊接头具有更为细小的晶粒和狭窄的焊接热影响区。焊核区由于动态再结晶具有细小的等轴晶粒，旁边存在一个特殊的组织形貌——热机影响区域。     

搅拌摩擦焊接偏心挤压流动模型

提出了一种偏心挤压流动模型,该模型认为搅拌头对软化材料的偏心挤压作用是形成接头的主要因素.基于该模型,设计并进行了偏心搅拌摩擦焊接试验.结果表明,搅拌摩擦焊接过程中,接头是由搅拌头偏心挤压材料形成的;搅拌头的偏心量越大,形成的接头核心区也将越大;在搅拌针附近的金属流动将使焊接接头形成在行进方向的层状结构;在接头表面将形成弧形纹,形成的弧形纹不是沿板材对接面对称的,而是偏向后退侧的,弧纹在后退侧形成的弧纹夹角比前进侧形成的弧纹夹角大;行进方向的层状结构和接头表面的弧形纹有对应关系.     

LD10铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头的腐蚀特性

利用搅拌摩擦技术对LD10铝合金板材进行焊接,观察了搅拌摩擦焊接头搅拌区、热机械影响区、热影响区及母材区的微观组织。通过浸泡试验、盐雾腐蚀试验、动电位极化和电化学阻抗谱评估了接头的腐蚀特性,分析了LD10铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头腐蚀机理。发现搅拌摩擦焊接头区域的开路电位高于母材区,同时腐蚀电流密度小于母材区,且接头区域的容抗弧半径比母材区更大。LD10铝合金搅拌摩擦焊焊接接头耐蚀性好于铝合金母材,这同搅拌区晶粒细小和Cu Al2析出相分布均匀有关。     

316L不锈钢搅拌摩擦焊与氩弧焊接接头组织性能比较

对316L不锈钢分别进行了搅拌摩擦焊接和钨极氩弧双面焊接,研究了不同焊接方法所得焊接接头组织性能的变化。结果表明:搅拌摩擦焊接过程中,由于焊缝金属受到了剧烈的机械搅拌和塑性变形促使母材粗大的晶粒破碎,组织晶粒明显细化;钨极氩弧焊接过程中,焊缝区域温度超过了焊件材料的熔点,整个焊接过程属于小熔池的凝固,焊缝呈现出典型的铸态组织。在焊接工艺参数选择合适的情况下,搅拌摩擦焊接接头的显微硬度与母材和钨极氩弧焊接接头相比显著提高。细晶强化作用对搅拌摩擦焊接接头显微硬度的提高起到了至关重要的作用。     

搅拌摩擦点焊疲劳性能研究

使用回填式搅拌摩擦点焊设备,对6系列铝合金弧焊焊接接头进行了搅拌摩擦点焊补焊试验,点焊补焊后试样表面平整光滑。对搅拌摩擦点焊补焊、MIG焊焊接接头进行了疲劳性能试验,研究发现,搅拌摩擦点焊补焊接头的疲劳寿命高于MIG焊焊接接头,断口组织更为致密。     

基于神经网络的搅拌摩擦焊接头质量预测系统研究

通过正交试验在不同的试验参数下对铜-铜进行搅拌摩擦焊接得到覆盖面较广的试验数据．形成神经网络质量预测体系的训练样本。以搅拌摩擦焊的工艺参数(旋转速度、横向速度、压力)作为神经网络的输入，以焊接接头的拉仲强度或接头优异性(1接头质量合格、O为接头质量不合格)为神经网络的输出，用剔除畸变样本后的试验样本对人工神经网络进行训练，然后用训练好的网络对搅拌摩擦焊接头质量进行预测。利用MATLAB语言编制用户界面，并建立了搅拌摩擦焊的人工神经网络预测系统，实现了对工艺参数的优化。     

下压量对厚板7N01铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头性能的影响

对15 mm厚板7N01铝合金进行搅拌摩擦焊对接试验，焊后开展接头性能分析试验，研究下压量对7N01铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头的静载拉伸性能、撕裂性能及疲劳强度的影响。研究结果表明，下压量对7N01铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头静载强度和撕裂性能影响均不显著；随着下压量的增加，7N01铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头疲劳强度呈现上升趋势；下压量为1.0 mm时，15 mm厚板7N01铝合金FSW接头的综合性能最优。     

搅拌摩擦焊接头形成过程分析

基于搅拌摩擦焊三维模型的切面分析方法,建立了焊接过程中接头切面的演变行为,将搅拌摩擦焊接头形成过程分为挤出阶段、迁移阶段、回填阶段和轴肩作用阶段四个阶段,对搅拌针作用下材料迁移过程进行了分析,指出挤出阶段将原始对接面及其表面氧化物迁移到后退侧,迁移阶段实现洋葱环层状组织的形成,并实现氧化物的碎化、弥散,回填阶段完成洋葱环形貌的最终成形.结果表明,采用切面分析法建立的接头形成过程四阶段能够较好地解释搅拌摩擦焊接头形成机制以及"S线"等缺陷的产生原因.     

搅拌摩擦焊接头区域的摩擦磨损性能

通过测定失重量和摩擦力矩的波动情况,得出在不同工艺参数条件下试样的抗磨损性和摩擦系数的变化规律。实验结果表明:搅拌摩擦焊接头的摩擦磨损性能明显优于母材,当正压力从50N增加到100N时,母材的失重量增加近6倍,母材的失重量在同等加载情况下是焊缝的10￣20倍。实验还表明搅拌摩擦焊接头的摩擦力矩较小并且波动平缓。     

搅拌摩擦焊接头区域的摩擦磨损性能

通过测定失重量和摩擦力矩的波动情况，得出在不同工艺参数条件下试样的抗磨损性和摩擦系数的变化规律。实验结果表明：搅拌摩擦焊接头的摩擦磨损性能明显优于母材，当正压力从50N增加到100N时．母材的失重量增加近6倍，母材的失重量在同等加载情况下是焊缝的10-20倍。实验还表明搅拌摩擦焊接头的摩擦力矩较小并且波动平缓。     

慢速搅拌摩擦加工对工业纯钛摩擦磨损性能的影响

目的利用慢速搅拌摩擦加工,获得工业纯钛细晶组织,提高其耐磨性能。方法采用慢速搅拌摩擦加工对TA2工业纯钛退火板材进行表面处理,获得细晶结构。使用EBSD技术和显微硬度检测仪对表面微观结构及力学性能进行表征。采用球盘式摩擦磨损试验仪对搅拌摩擦加工前后的样品进行摩擦磨损性能测试,计算磨损率,并使用SEM及EDS分析磨痕特征。结果搅拌摩擦加工处理后,工业纯钛晶粒尺寸显著细化,小角度晶界比例较高,加工硬化程度高。搅拌摩擦加工样品氧化磨损较为严重,粘着磨损程度减小。搅拌摩擦加工后,样品主要磨损方式由粘着磨损和二体磨损转变为氧化磨损和三体磨损。经过180 r/min、25 mm/min处理的工业纯钛磨损率仅为未加工样品的1/4左右。结论慢速搅拌摩擦加工可同时提高工业纯钛表面硬度及耐磨损性能,较小的晶粒尺寸及合适的加工硬化程度可减轻粘着磨损和磨粒磨损。     

Friction and wear properties of copper matrix composites reinforced by tungsten-coated carbon nanotubes

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were coated by tungsten layer using metal organic chemical vapor deposition process with tungsten hexacarbonyl as a precursor. The W-coated CNTs (W-CNTs) were dispersed into Cu powders by magnetic stirring process and then the mixed powders were consolidated by spark plasma sintering to fabricate W-CNTs/Cu composites. The CNTs/Cu composites were fabricated using the simi-lar processes. The friction coefficient and mass wear loss of W-CNTs/Cu and CNTs/Cu composites were studied. The results showed that the W-CNT content, interfacial bonding situation, and applied load could influence the friction coefficient and wear loss of W-CNTs/Cu com-posites. When the W-CNT content was 1.0 wt.%, the W-CNTs/Cu composites got the minimum friction coefficient and wear loss, which were decreased by 72.1% and 47.6%, respectively, compared with pure Cu specimen. The friction coefficient and wear loss of W-CNTs/Cu composites were lower than those of CNTs/Cu composites, which was due to that the interfacial bonding at (W-CNTs)-Cu interface was bet-ter than that at CNTs-Cu interface. The friction coefficient of composites did not vary obviously with increasing applied load, while the wear loss of composites increased significantly with the increase of applied load.     

Microstructural evaluation and tribological properties of underwater friction stir processed CP-copper and its alloy

Underwater friction stir processing was performed on commercially pure copper with a purity of 99.8% and a copper-zinc alloy (brass). The tool was made of tungsten carbide in the threaded cone form. Friction stir processing was performed at a tool rotational speed of 1800 r/min and a tool transverse speed of 4 mm/min while the samples were immersed in a water tank with a water circulation system. In order to evaluate the effect of the number of process passes on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the samples, this process was continued for up to 6 passes. Microscopic studies using light microscopy on commercially pure copper samples show significant decrease in grain size. Likewise, the hardness of the cross-sectional area shows an increase more than the base metal. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the underwater friction stir processed samples in comparison to that of the base metal exhibits shorter and wider peaks, while the background of the pattern is increased. The sum of these factors represents the formation of an amorphous/ultrafine grained structure. Also, the wear behavior of the samples was investigated by means of pin-on-disk method and the results show that the friction coefficient of processed samples is decreased compared to that of the base metal. The results of wear and hardness tests show that the underwater friction stir processing can significantly improve the wear resistance and hardness of commercially pure copper and brass.     

TA2工业纯钛表面搅拌摩擦加工组织及性能

对TA2工业纯钛成功实现了搅拌摩擦加工(Friction Stir Processing, FSP),研究FSP后搅拌区、热机影响区、热影响区组织特征,对比分析FSP加工区与母材的显微硬度及摩擦磨损性能。结果表明：TA2工业纯钛表面经FSP后,搅拌区晶粒发生了剧烈的塑性变形、混合和破碎,实现组织结构的致密化、均匀化和细化;加工区平均硬度相对母材提高37.5%,当摩擦磨损圈数分别为1000、1500、2000 r时,摩擦磨损质量损失分别比母材减少31.4%、36.6%和46.4%,经FSP后TA2工业纯钛表面硬度和抗摩擦磨损性能明显提高     

Friction Wear Property of Brake Materials by Copper-based Powder Metallurgy With Various Brake Speeds

The experiment is conducted on MM-1000 friction test machine, which tests friction wear property of copper-based brake materials by powder metallurgy at different brake speeds. It shows that the coefficient of friction and wear volume are greatly influenced by brake speed. When the brake speed is 4000 r/min, which is a bit higher, the material still has a higher coefficient of friction with 0.47. When the brake speed is over 4000r/min. the coefftcient of friction decreased rapidly. When the brake speed is 300Of/rain, the material‘s wear is in its minimum. That is to say no matter how higher or lower the brake speed is the wear volume is bigger relatively. With the brake speed of the lower one it mainly refers to fatigue wear; while of higher one it mainly refers to ahradant and oxidation wear.     

Invar36合金搅拌摩擦焊焊缝的低温韧性

为了研究Invar36合金搅拌摩擦焊焊缝的低温韧性,采用小冲杆试验方法（small punch test）对焊接速度2mm／s,搅拌头旋转频率200一1000r／min的Invar36合金焊缝进行低温（77K）和室温（298K）韧性测试．298K下,所有焊接工艺的焊缝小冲杆试验能均高于母材,焊缝韧性随搅拌头旋转频率的提...