TC4钛合金真空钎焊接头组织与高温性能

采用高钛含量的粉状Ti-Zr-Ni-Cu钎料实现了TC4钛合金的真空钎焊,分析了不同工艺参数对接头高温(600℃)抗拉强度的影响,并借助扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)和X射线衍射分析等方法研究了钎焊接头界面组织,确定了界面反应产物及其形态分布.结果表明,在界面反应层中生成五种产物:钛基固溶体、Ti₂Ni,Ti₃Al,CuTi₃,Zr₂Ni.随着钎焊温度和加热时间的增加,接头抗拉强度呈现先增大再降低的趋势,当钎焊温度为950℃和保温时间为30 min时,获得最大高温(600℃)抗拉强度为387 MPa的钎焊接头.     

生物医用钛表面热还原银微纳米颗粒研究

目的尝试改进生物医用钛的常用碱热处理表面改性方法,使钛不仅具有生物活性,而且具有抗菌性能。方法将纯钛片磨光和清洗,在60 2.5 mol/L Na O℃H溶液中进行碱液处理后,分别在0.2、1、5、20mmol/L硝酸银溶液中浸渍,然后把未浸渍和浸渍的试样在600℃热处理1 h,采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜和X射线光电子能谱分析膜层的成分和结构,评价试样的抗菌性能和生物活性。结果在浓度≥1 mmol/L硝酸银溶液中浸渍制备的试样,检测到单质银的X射线衍射峰。扫描电镜观察表明,随着硝酸银浓度的升高,银颗粒从约100 nm增加到1.5μm以上;钛酸钠凝胶层和银颗粒具有较好的附着性。X射线光电子能谱分析检测到金属银和少量银化合物。抗菌实验和模拟体液实验表明,随着硝酸银浓度的升高,试样的抗菌活性升高,但生物活性下降。结论碱液-硝酸银溶液浸渍-热处理方法改善了钛的生物活性和抗菌性能,这为钛基硬组织植入体的表面改性提供了一种简便方法。     

新型牙科铸钛专用包埋料的研制

研究了自制磷酸盐包埋料焙烧温度与膨胀率及膨胀系数之间,焙烧温度、固化时间与抗拉强度之间的关系,以及室温条件下一次包埋时包埋料与纯钛的界面反应情况.结果表明:包埋料的最大凝固膨胀率为0.1%,800℃的热膨胀率为0.46%,总膨胀率为0.56%,完全可以满足实际义齿铸造的要求.焙烧后抗拉强度在0.3～0.35MPa之间,正常固化24h后,包埋料的抗拉强度为2.35MPa,已经能够满足铸造过程的需要.Zr、P元素在纯钛中的扩散很小,可以忽略不计.金属元素Mg的扩散深度约为6μm,Al的扩散深度约为20μm,Si的扩散深度约为15μm,可以通过表面处理来保证铸件质量.     

BN基复合型壳熔模精铸钛镍合金时的界面反应

研究了一种新型钛合金精密铸造用型壳--BN基复合型壳在精铸钛镍合金时的界面反应及反应层的形成机制.研究表明,即使在钛镍合金熔液过热较高(浇注温度为1 600℃)的情况下,这种型壳与钛镍合金的反应也较小,铸件表面反应层厚度仅为几个μm.BN基复合型壳,在浇注温度较低的情况下,有望成为Y2O3、ZrO2或钨粉等钛合金熔模精密型壳面层材料的替代品.     

氟离子注入对TiAlNb合金高温氧化性能的影响

采用等离子体氟离子注入,对TiAlNb合金基体进行了表面氟化处理,研究了不同注入剂量的试样在800 ℃和900 ℃下的高温氧化动力学行为.结果表明,氟离子注入可显著地改善钛铝合金的高温抗氧化性.X射线和扫描电镜对氧化层物相和组织结构分析结果表明,氟离子注入后的TiAlNb合金在高温氧化过程中生成了一层致密的Al2O3氧化阻挡层,该阻挡层能有效阻止氧向合金基体的扩散,从而大大提高合金的高温氧化抗力.     

C/C复合材料SiC-TaSi2/MoSi2抗氧化复合涂层研究

采用包埋技术在C/C复合材料表面制备SiC-TaSi2/MoSi2抗氧化复合涂层,通过恒温氧化实验以及X射线衍射(XRD)分析、扫描电镜(SEM)观察及能谱(EDS)分析,研究了包埋粉料中Ta,Mo含量对复合涂层微观结构和高温抗氧化性能的影响.结果表明,Ta,Mo摩尔比为1:1时所制备的复合涂层具有相对较大的厚度和较为致密的结构,氧化过程中在该涂层表面形成致密和稳定的玻璃态SiO2保护膜.在1500℃氧化326 h和经过23次1500℃至室温间的急冷急热后,带有该涂层的C/C试样失重仅为0.97%,表明该涂层具有优异的抗氧化和抗热震性能.     

铬含量对镍基合金涂层高温氧化行为的影响机理

采用增重法对铬质量分数分别为30%和40%～45%的两种镍基合金涂层在500℃、650℃和800℃下的高温氧化行为进行了研究.并使用配有能谱分析仪的扫描电镜以及X射线衍射仪等检测设备对涂层氧化产物的形貌、成分和相组成进行了分析.发现铬含量对镍基合金涂层的抗高温氧化性能和氧化机理有着重要的影响.铬含量为40%～45%的涂层,其表面生成了连续的Cr2O3保护膜,具有相对较低的氧化速度.     

钛/铝异种金属冷金属过渡增材制造

采用TC4和ER2319焊丝直流/变极性冷金属过渡实现异种金属电弧增材制造，通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜、能谱、硬度试验、纳米压痕以及拉伸试验等方法对钛/铝构件界面组织特征与力学性能进行分析.结果表明，在钛合金表面堆积铝合金时，只有少量的钛合金熔化，钛原子扩散到液态铝合金中，形成不同长度的TiAl₃金属间化合物.10 μm左右的反应层在钛/铝界面形成.邻近钛侧的反应层均匀连续，靠近铝合金一侧的反应层呈现长条状或块状.界面反应层的显微硬度介于钛合金和铝合金显微硬度之间.构件的最高抗拉强度为111 MPa.     

微波热处理制备硅化物涂层及其抗高温氧化性能

通过微波加热包埋渗法在高铌钛铝合金基体上制备了硅化物涂层,微波加热功率2.6 kW,埋渗时间2 h。利用扫描电镜、能谱分析和X射线衍射等手段研究了氧化前后涂层的表面形貌、截面形貌、涂层中元素分布和物相组成。结果表明：涂层外部主要物相为TiSi2和NbSi2,并有少量的Ti5Si3和Nb5Si3相,厚度约为15μm;内侧涂层有大约15μm的富铝层。1000℃下氧化100 h的氧化动力学测试结果表明：高铌钛铝合金渗硅后的抗高温氧化性能、抗剥落性能有了显著提高,其单位面积增重量和剥落量分别是0.5714 mg/cm2和0.7143 mg/cm2,仅为无涂层试样氧化增重量和剥落量的1/22倍和1/59倍。     

TiAl基合金与陶瓷界面反应的研究

借助电子探针微区分析仪、维氏显微硬度计、光学和电子显微镜对TiAl合金与Al2O3,ZrO2以及经CaO稳定的ZrO23种陶瓷型壳的界面反应进行了研究分析。结果表明，这3种材料的化学稳定性依次升高，而经CaO稳定的ZrO2型壳与TiAl反应层的厚度仅为50μm,故可望用作钛铝合金精密铸造型壳面层材料。     

Alpha-Case Reduction Mechanism of Titanium Powder-Added Investment Molds for Titanium Casting

The surface alpha-case reaction of Ti casting using Ti powder-added investment molds was investigated. During the curing procedure, Ti powders (0, 10, and 50 mass%) were mixed with three types of investment mold materials (Al₂O₃, ZrSiO₄, and ZrO₂) to form an interstitial TiO₂ phase, which is an alpha-case reaction compound. The microstructure and surface hardness profiles of Ti castings with Ti powder-added investment molds indicated that the alpha-case thickness was significantly reduced from approximately 350 to 50-100 μm, and a remarkable reduction in the maximum micro-Vickers hardness value of the Ti casting surface was also achieved. As observed from the experimental results, the alpha-case reduction mechanism suggested that the phase transformation from TiO₂ to TiO not only acts as an effective barrier to O diffusion, but also reduces Al, Si, and Zr concentrations at the casting surface. This reduction might be caused by contact area reduction between the Ti powder-added investment molds and the Ti melts.     

成分和烧结温度对ZrO_2颗粒增强型钛基复合材料力学性能的影响

钛利用粉末冶金方法制备钛基复合材料。采用X射线衍射仪、金相显微镜、扫描电镜及力学性能测试仪研究材料成分和烧结温度对显微结构及性能的影响。结果表明：加入ZrO2颗粒能够提高粉末冶金钛基复合材料的力学性能。加入4%ZrO2,在1100°C下烧结4h,得到的钛基复合材料的相对密度为93.9%,屈服强度能达到1380MPa（比纯钛高570MPa）,并且具有良好的塑性（极限应变超过24%）。     

精铸型壳"墨点"和铸件"黑皮"分析

以锆石砂粉为面层、高岭石系耐火材料为背层制成的精铸型壳浇注不锈钢铸件．经常在铸件表面出现大面积“黑皮”和相互孤立的凹陷疤痕，严重影响铸件质量．通过生产现场跟踪调查．结合俄歇能谱分析等手段．对缺陷部位化学组成和形成原因进行分析探讨．指出：铸件表面的疤痕与型壳表面“墨点”直接相关；而“黑皮”主要是硬壳面层中的氧化铁与铸件表面氧化产生的各种金属氧化物反应生成的尖晶石型复杂化合物。在此基础上，提出了防止此类缺陷的措施。     

口腔科铸钛系统的研究进展

钛具有优异的力学性能,良好的耐蚀性和生物相容性,已成为口腔医学中最有发展前途的金属材料.近年来,口腔科精密铸钛技术和理论迅速发展.从牙科铸钛用钛材、铸钛机、包埋料等方面综述了牙科铸钛技术的现状及发展.     

Development and evaluation of a novel inclusion seeding methodology for Ti−6Al−4V castings

Hard alpha inclusions in titanium (Ti) investment castings are generally known to have detrimental effects on the mechanical properties of these castings. However, actual inclusions are infrequent and occur in random locations in castings. As a result, it is difficult to obtain tensile or fatigue test specimens of titanium castings with inclusions in the gage section. Quantifying the adverse influence of inclusions on the mechanical properties of castings is, therefore, extremely challenging. To address this problem, a novel artificial inclusion seeding methodology was developed to emulate actual Ti investment casting inclusions. Prefabricated inclusions were seeded into machined holes in cast Ti−6Al−4V plates, the holes were back-filled with plugs of the same Ti alloy and were then electron-beam (EB) welded closed. Hot isostatic pressing (HIP) was utilized to incorporate the inclusions fully into the cast titanium material. Finally, the plates were machined to create mechanical test specimens with inclusions centered in the gage region. Test specimens created by means of this novel artificial seeding methodology were evaluated and found to be equivalent to Ti casting specimens containing actual cast-in inclusions.     

Effects of hot isostatic pressing temperature on casting shrinkage densification and microstructure of Ti6Al4V alloy

The Ti6Al4V alloy castings were produced by the investment casting process, and the hot isostatic pressing(HIP) was used to remove shrinkage from castings. The processing pressure and holding time for HIP were 150 MPa and 20 min, respectively. Four different HIP temperatures were tested, including 750 ℃, 850 ℃, 920 ℃ and 950 ℃. To evaluate the effects of temperature on densification and microstructure of Ti6Al4V alloy treated by HIP, non-destructive testing and metallographic observation was performed. The experimental results show that the shrinkage was completely closed at 920 ℃ and 950 ℃. The densification of Ti6Al4V alloy increased as the HIP temperature increased below 920 ℃. The lamel ae were more uniform, the thickness of lamel ae was obviously broadened and the structure was coarsen. Besides, the Norton creep equation was used to simulate the effect of different temperatures on the densification of Ti6Al4V alloy during HIP. The simulation results were in good agreement with the experimental results. It was also found that 920 ℃ is a suitable temperature for HIP for Ti6Al4V alloy.     

钛熔体与氧化锆陶瓷铸型润湿性研究

借助自主设计的高活性合金熔体落滴法润湿角测量装置,对纯钛熔体与ZrO2(CaO)陶瓷铸型材料之间的润湿性和界面相互作用进行了研究,并借助SEM和EPMA等分析测试手段,对界面处垂直于界面方向的液/固截面的组织形貌和元素分布进行了分析。结果表明,钛熔体与ZrO2(CaO)在界面处发生了一定程度的化学反应,但界面化学反应不剧烈,钛熔体在ZrO2(CaO)陶瓷材料上不润湿,润湿角为103°,利用液/固界面处化学反应引起的体系总的自由能变化解释了界面化学反应对界面润湿性的影响。     

钛铝基合金与4种陶瓷界面反应的研究

借助SEM和差热分析(DTA),研究了Ti48Al2Cr2Nb合金与Y2O3、ZrO2(Y2O3稳定)、ZrO2(MgO稳定)和锆英砂4种陶瓷耐火材料界面反应后金属侧的显微组织,并测定了Ti48Al2Cr2Nb合金与Y2O3、ZrO2(Y2O3稳定)、ZrO2(MgO稳定)和锆英砂4种陶瓷耐火材料的初始反应温度.结果表明,Ti48Al2Cr2Nb合金与锆英砂反应后的显微组织最粗大,为菊花状,而与Y2O3反应产物最细小均匀,为颗粒状;4种陶瓷材料对Ti48Al2Cr2Nb合金的初始反应温度依次为:1500,1400,1380和820℃.     

EFFECTS OF OXIDES IN INVESTMENT MOLD ON SURFACE PROPERTIES OF TITANIUM CASTINGS

1.IntroductionLightweight,highstrengthatambientandhightemperatures,andexcellentcorrosionresistancepropertymaketitaniumanditsalloysattractiveengineeringmaterialsinindustry.FOrexample,theapplicationoftitaniumpartsinaerospaceenginecouldnotonlyenhancetheefficiellcyofthecraft,butalsogreatlyreducethefuelconsumption.Butitsrelativelyhighmanufacturingcostshistoricallyhavelimiteditsusetohigh--techapplicationssuchasthatintheaerospacefield.Overthelasttwodecades,however,metallurgicalcastingtechnologydevel…     

A new approach to develop complicated superalloy castings

As a precision casting process, investment casting process has been used widely in casting industry because of its many advantages. For almost all alloys, complicated near-net-shaped components can be cast relative easily and both external and internal designed complex castings can be achieved using investment casting. Investment casting is usually required for making complex shape castings while other manufacturing processes are too costly and time-consuming [1]. Conventional investment casti…