新型高强2A97铝锂合金组织和性能研究

通过室温拉伸、布氏硬度试验和TEM、XRD等手段,研究了新型高强Al-Li-Cu-X合金2A97在淬火变形4%后135℃时效组织和性能的演变。结果表明：2A97合金经淬火变形后在135℃时效,随时效时间增加,抗拉强度和屈服强度先升高后降低,塑性逐渐下降,峰值时效135℃,48h的抗拉强度为577MPa,屈服强度为519MPa,伸长率为6.7%,布氏硬度值先快速升高后缓慢增加。淬火变形后时效的显微组织主要为T1（Al2CuLi）、θ′/θ″（Al2Cu）、δ′（Al3Li）和δ′/β′（Al3Zr）共生相,随时效时间增加,T1相数量和尺寸增加,δ′相数量增加,直径减小。     

2A97铝锂合金双级时效研究

通过TEM分析和常规力学性能测试,研究双级时效工艺对2A97铝锂合金组织和性能的影响,以优化合金强度和塑性匹配。结果表明:随预时效温度升高,双级时效基体由形成θ′/θ″相和δ′相为主的组织转变为形成T1相、θ″/θ′和δ′相为主的组织。135℃预时效、双级时效基体形成大量细小的θ′/θ″相和δ′相,T1数量少。晶界和亚晶界T1数量多,尺寸小,晶界和亚晶界θ′/θ″无析出带宽度窄。155℃预时效、双级时效可在基体形成以T1相为主的组织,且数量多,尺寸大,均匀分布,T1相、θ″/θ′和δ′相的联合强化作用使合金具有高的强度。     

时效制度对2A97铝-锂合金组织和性能的影响

通过拉伸测试和透射电镜分析,研究时效温度和时间对2A97铝锂合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明:经淬火后分别在135℃和155℃时效,随着时效温度升高,2A97合金强度升高,达到峰值强度的时间提前,延伸率降低;随着时效时间延长,合金屈服强度升高,抗拉强度则先升高而后降低,出现峰值强度,延伸率下降;当合金在155℃时效36 h,获得最佳强度和塑性匹配,抗拉强度为500 MPa,屈服强度为413 MPa,延伸率为7%;随着时效温度升高,合金组织中T1(Al2CuLi)相数量增加;135℃的过时效合金显微组织主要为θ′/θ″(Al2Cu)相和δ′(Al3Li)相,155℃的时效合金显微组织主要为T1相、θ′/θ″相和δ′相。     

一种2050铝锂合金薄板的微观组织与力学性能

通过力学性能测试和微观组织观察研究了不同热处理工艺对一种2050铝锂合金薄板力学性能和组织结构的影响。结果表明:2050铝锂合金主要强化析出相为T1相和θ′相,并可能存在少量S′相析出。在T6态(175℃)、T8态(6%预变形+155℃)时效时合金具有不同的时效析出特征;相比于T6态时效,由于时效前预变形的引入,T8态时效时合金中T1相和θ′相析出密度提高,尺寸减小,其对应的强度及延伸率均提高,T8峰时效(32 h)时σ_b、σ_(0.2)和δ分别为531MPa、488 MPa和11.4%。T8态时效(155℃/32 h)时,2%~10%预变形均可促进T1相形核,2%~6%预变形可促进θ′相形核,过大的预变形(如10%)并不能促进θ′相进一步形核,但可显著抑制θ′相长大。     

高强Al-Cu-Li-X铝锂合金形变热处理

采用拉伸试验、透射电镜和扫描电镜等手段，研究了淬火后形变时效对新型高强Al-Cu—Li—X铝锂合金2A97组织和性能的影响。结果表明：淬火后立即预变形引入的位错和随后双级时效过程形成的位错环增加基体T1相和θ’相数量，并使T1相细化，分布更均匀。双级时效合金θ’相、δ’相和T1相组成的混合组织强度低于单级时效以T1相为主强化的组织，但塑性高于单级时效。淬火变形后双级时效100℃，8h＋145℃，12h处理合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为553．5MPa，494．5MPa和10．4％，形变时效处理在一定程度上改善了合金的强塑性匹配。     

2198铝锂合金对时效温度敏感性及其析出行为

通过拉伸测试和透射电镜分析,研究了不同时效温度下2198铝锂合金组织和性能的变化。结果发现:在峰时效之前的小温度区间内,2198铝锂合金对时效温度非常敏感,经淬火变形后在150~170℃下时效14 h,随温度的升高,强化效果显著增加,延伸率降低;观察到的2198合金的析出相相主要是δ′、θ′、β′/δ′、T1、σ相。不同时效温度下得到的析出相的种类和形貌不同,160℃以下时效,析出相以δ′、θ′、β′/δ′为主,160℃以上,以T1、σ相的为主,多种相复合强化。时效过程中析出相的种类和含量的变化是该合金力学性能对时效温度敏感的本质原因。     

预变形对2197铝锂合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

通过力学性能测试,扫描电镜、透射电镜观察等手段,研究了固溶淬火后不同程度预变形对2197铝锂合金力学性能及显微组织的影响.结果表明:随着预变形量的增加,合金的时效响应加快,其强度达到峰值的时间逐渐缩短,且峰值强度明显提高.预变形的加入显著促进了基体中T1相的均匀、弥散析出,θ″/θ′相和δ′相析出受到抑制.     

时效制度对2A97铝锂合金强韧性的影响

通过拉伸试验及平面应变断裂韧性测试,研究不同时效制度对2A97合金强韧性的影响,并利用透射电镜和扫描电镜对合金的微观组织及断口形貌进行观察。结果表明:2A97合金在135℃单级时效时断裂韧性较好,但强度偏低;双级时效可促进强度的提高,但第二级时效温度过高时(175℃),断裂韧性迅速下降,经过(135℃,36 h)+(150℃,18 h)时效,可得到较好的强韧性匹配,其σb、σ0.2和KIC分别为547 MPa、489 MPa和28.9 MPa.m1/2。2A97合金中的主要强化相为δ′相和T1相。δ′相易共面滑移而引起应力集中,对合金韧性不利;T1相能有效地阻止位错滑移,对合金强度有显著提高。2A97合金在时效初期以穿晶和沿晶混合型断裂为主,断口表现出明显的分层特征,具有较好的韧性;随时效时间的延长,析出相的体积分数、尺寸以及临界分切应力增大,所造成的应力集中更明显,同时晶界平衡相增多,晶界无沉淀带加宽,沿晶断裂比例增多,合金韧性急剧下降。     

热处理制度对新型Al-Cu-Li合金组织与性能的影响

采用硬度测试、力学性能测试、SEM、EDS和TEM分析等方法,研究不同固溶处理和时效处理制度对新型Al-Cu-Li合金组织与性能的影响。结果表明:合金经490℃、1.5 h固溶处理后,第二相粒子回溶充分,未回溶第二相为Al Cu Fe Mn相,合金断口形貌呈沿晶断裂与少量韧窝形貌混合特征。合金适宜的T6制度为175℃、48 h,抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为447 MPa、369 MPa和8.9%。适宜的T8制度为预变形6%+(160℃、36 h),抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为500 MPa、454 MPa和10.5%,此时合金具有较好的强塑性匹配。合金在T6和T8态的强化相均为复合相δ′/β′相、θ′相和T_1相3种。时效前的预变形可显著提高合金强度,随预变形量的增加,合金强化相由δ′/β′相、θ′相和T_1相为主逐渐转向以T_1相为主,T_1相比θ′相、δ′相具有更佳的强化效果。     

预拉伸对Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金析出相与力学性能的影响

研究时效前预拉伸对Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金析出相和力学性能的影响。结果表明:165℃时效前的预拉伸可提高合金的峰值硬度及强度,延长峰值时效的时间;合金的主要强化相是Ω相和θ′相,预拉伸引入的位错抑制了Ω相的析出与长大,细化Ω相的尺寸,同时促进θ′相的析出;时效前未经变形时,合金出现峰值的时间是10h,对应的σb为492MPa;时效前经4%预拉伸变形后,合金出现峰值的时间是18h,对应的σb为508MPa。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.     

INTRODUCTION TO PATENTS

The invention provides a method of making a mold which can reduce SOx generation rate while preventing decrease in hardening rate in the case of using sulfuric acid for a hardener composition. The method has a mixture step in which fire-resistant particles, a hardener composition and a binder composition are mixed to obtain a composition for a mold. The hardener composition contains sulfuric acid. In the mixture step, sodium carbonate is added. A molar ratio of the sulfuric acid to the sodium carbonate is 0.5 or more and 4.0 or less.     

China Foundry Week 2014

China Foundry Week, hosted by the Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society （FICMES） each year, is a large academic event in China. It is one of the ten high-impact activities sponsored by the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society.     

17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering Call for papers

正1.Contents In order to promote the academic exchanges and technical communication of the research in the field of fluid power transmission and control,fluid control engineering specialized committee of the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics will hold the 17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering on July 27-29,2014 in Tibet,Lhasa city.     

Formulas of Tension of Continuous Rolling Process

The development of computer controlled continuous rolling process calls for a mathematical expression that can express the inequality condition of "constant flow". Tension is the link of the continuous rolling process. From the condition of dynamic equilibrium, a differential equation of tension is given out. On the basis of the physical rules established from the industrial practice and experimental studies, the law of volume constancy, the linear relation of forward slip and tension, the state equation of continuous rolling, the formula of dynamic tension, and the formula of static tension have been obtained. These formulae reflect the functional relations between tensions, thickness, roll velocity, and time in the continuous rolling process. It is implied that the continuous rolling process is a gradually steady, controllable, and measurable dynamic system. An assumption of predicting the thickness of a steel plate using these tension formulae is also put forward.