RE对Al-5Ti-0.25C细化性能的影响

采用光学显微镜(OM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)等分析手段,研究了RE对Al-5Ti-0.25C细化性能的影响,并对其细化机制进行了分析探讨。结果表明,加入质量分数为0.5%的Al-5Ti-0.25C中间合金能将3003铝合金晶粒尺寸细化至403μm,而Al-5Ti-0.25C-2RE中间合金中由于RE元素的加入,w(Al-5Ti-0.25C-2RE)=0.5%的中间合金可将3003铝合金晶粒尺寸细化至172μm。RE元素能够促进TiC粒子和TiAl3相生成,并促进TiC粒子在基体中均匀弥散分布,改变TiAl3形貌,还能与熔体发生反应生成Ti2Al20Ce相。     

Al-Ti-C-Sr对A356合金组织和性能的影响

在A356熔体中分别加入自制的Al-5Ti-0.25C-2Sr和Al-5Ti-0.25C-8Sr中间合金,研究了这两种中间合金对A356合金显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,向A356中分别添加质量分数0.5%的Al-5Ti-0.25C-2Sr和Al-5Ti-0.25C-8Sr后,A356合金晶粒尺寸由42.5 μm分别减小至33.2 μm和30.6 μm,共晶硅从粗大的针片状转变为细小的短杆状或点状;T5处理后,添加Al-5Ti-0.25C-8Sr的A356合金的共晶硅粒状化效果较未添加Al-Ti-C-Sr的和添加Al-5Ti-0.25C-2Sr的好一些,其共晶硅颗粒均匀细小,圆整度高;加入质量分数0.5%的Al-5Ti-0.25C-2Sr或Al-5Ti-0.25C-8Sr后,T5态A356合金的抗拉强度由217.6 N/mm2分别提高到235.8 N/mm2和248.2 N/mm2,伸长率由10.1%分别提高到11.2%和11.8%.     

倾斜板浇注对Al-Ti-C-RE显微组织及其细化效果的影响

采用原位反应-熔配法制备Al-5Ti-0.25C-2RE中间合金,研究倾斜板浇注对其显微组织及细化效果的影响。结果表明,经过倾斜板浇注的中间合金第二相数量和尺寸明显减小,对3003合金的细化效果降低。     

Al-3Ti-1B-0.2C中间合金对A356合金的晶粒细化行为

对比了Al-5Ti-0.4C、Al-5Ti-1B及Al-3Ti-1B-0.2C中间合金对A356合金的晶粒细化行为.发现在730℃时,加入0.2%的Al-3Ti-1B-0.2C中间合金,可以使A356合金的晶粒尺寸由1000 μm以上细化至175 μm左右,保温60 min内,细化效果稳定,其细化能力明显优于Al-5Ti-1B和Al-5Ti-0.4C中间合金,且该中间合金的加入不影响Sr对共晶Si的变质效果.与Al-5Ti-1B中间合金细化后的A356合金相比,经Al-3Ti-1B-0.2C中间合金细化后的A356合金室温抗拉强度和伸长率分别提高了5.18%和15.98%.     

中间合金对A356.2合金细化的效果

采用铝业协会制订的TP-1型标准测试法,对Al-10RE、Al-5Ti-1B、Al-5Ti-1B-10RE等中间合金对A356.2合金的细化效果进行评价,以优化铝合金轮毂制造过程中合金熔体细化处理工艺。结果表明, Al-5Ti-1B-10RE中间合金中的RE不仅可以有效抑制晶粒尺寸的衰退,而且在一定程度上改善Ti、B、Sr对A356.2合金显微组织的细化和变质效果;TP-1型晶粒度检测法是一种简单、直观、准确的中间合金细化效果在线评价方法。     

Al-Ti-C-RE中间合金的制备及细化性能研究

以工业纯铝、Ti粉、石墨粉、富铈稀土为主要原料,制备了Al-5Ti-0.25C-2RE中间合金,并对纯铝进行了细化试验.通过光学显微镜、X射线衍射、扫描电镜以及能谱分析等方法,研究了该中间合金的微观组织和细化性能.结果表明:Al-5Ti-0.25C-2RE细化剂主要由α-Al基体、TiAl3、TiC、Al20Ti2Ce等相组成;稀土元素的加入促进了TiC的形成;细化剂最佳添加量为0.5wt％,保温120 min,此时细化剂都具有良好的细化效果.     

含C细化剂和含Sr变质剂对A356铝合金组织的影响

在A356铝合金中分别加入自制的Al-5Ti-0.5C、Al-10Sr和Al-5Ti-0.5C-8Sr三种中间合金,利用SEM以及EDS等手段研究了其对A356铝合金组织的影响.结果表明,添加w(Al-5Ti-0.5C)=0.5%的A356铝合金的晶粒尺寸由1 720 μm减小到530 μm左右,但针片状共晶硅形貌基本没变化;添加w(Al-10Sr):0.4%的A356铝合金的晶粒尺寸减少至1 550 μm,共晶硅由原来的针片状变成了细小的纤维状或颗粒状;当添加w(Al-5Ti.0.5C-8Sr)0.5%后,A356铝合金的晶粒尺寸减小至210 μm,对共晶硅的变质效果与Al-10Sr的相当,Al-5Ti-0.5G-8Sr具有双重的细化和变质效果,没有出现Ti与Sr中毒现象.     

Synthesis and Refinement Performance of the Novel Al-Ti-B-RE Master Alloy Grain Refiner

为优化铝中间合金细化剂的组织,提升细化性能,采用熔配法工艺合成新型Al-Ti-B-RE中间合金晶粒细化剂,合成反应基于热力学和动力学分析是可能的、存在的、自发向右进行,在适当的工艺条件下,在基体中可生成均匀弥散分布的第二相A13Ti、TiB2、Ti2A120RE等粒子。采用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、光学显微镜（OM）和力学拉伸试验等分析方法对所合成材料的微观组织、细化效果及力学性能进行了表征。细化试验表明：自制的Al-5Ti-1B-1RE中间合金细化工业纯铝时,其平均晶粒尺寸小于150 μm到达细晶粒度级别。拉伸试验表明:工业纯铝中加入0.2%自制的Al-5Ti-1B-1RE中间合金晶粒细化剂后有更优的机械性能,与未细化工业纯铝相比,抗拉强度提高了28.39 MPa,延伸率增加了29.97%,其性能明显优于某国产的Al-5Ti-1B丝中间合金细化剂     

Al-Ti、Al-Ti-C中间合金对AZ91D镁合金组织和性能的影响

研究了Al-5Ti、Al-5Ti-0．25C和Al-8Ti-2C中间合金对AZ91D镁合金的组织、力学性能和耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,添加Al-5Ti中间合金使晶粒粗化,而添加Al-5Ti-0．25C和Al-8Ti-2C中间合金使晶粒细化,Al-8Ti-2C中间舍金的细化效果明显且细化后组织细小均匀;添加Al-5Ti中间合金使合金的力学性能降低,而添加Al-5Ti-0．25C和Al-8Ti-2C中间合金均使合金的拉伸强度和伸长率得到了提高;添加Al-5Ti、Al-5Ti-0．25C和Al-8Ti-2C中间合金均使合金的耐腐蚀性能得到了改善。对于AZ91D合金而言,Al-8Ti-2C中间合金是一种良好的晶粒细化剂。     

制备工艺对Al-5Ti-0.25C-2RE组织及细化效果的影响

采用两种不同的RE添加工艺制备了Al-5Ti-0.25C-2RE细化剂,并利用光学显微镜(OM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)等研究了Al-5Ti-0.25C-2RE显微组织及其对纯铝的细化效果.结果表明,两种制备工艺所得Al-5Ti-0.25C-2RE细化剂的组织均由α-Al基体、长条状TiAl3相、TiC颗粒、包裹状和不规则块状Ti2Al20Ce相组成.采用先加稀土工艺制备的Al-5Ti-0.25C-2RE细化剂由于稀土元素促进了TiC粒子形成并充分改善了TiAl3相的尺寸,在0.5%的添加量时比后加RE制备的细化剂获得了更加优异的细化效果.     

Prospects of the Use of Synergetic Approach to Solution of Problems of the Science of Nanomaterials

A synergetic approach to solution of problems of self-controlled synthesis of nanostructures and creation of self-organizing nanotechnologies is considered in connection with the superproblem of creation of materials with functional properties resembling those of biosystems. __________ Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 7, pp. 55 – 61, July, 2005.     

Kinetics of the oxidation of metals — Influence of self-diffusion of metal

The importance of the self-diffusion of a metal during its oxidation by a gas is treated for the cases of nonstoichiometric oxides having either interstitial cation or cation vacancies. We have established a general relationship for the reaction rate when a mixed diffusion process occurs. From this relationship, we have shown that the pressure dependence can be different, according to whether the rate-determining process is the self-diffusion through the metal or through the product.     

胫骨生物陶瓷复合材料的微结构增韧机理

扫描电镜观察显示胫骨是一种由羟基磷灰石和胶原蛋白组成的自然生物陶瓷复合材料.羟基磷灰石具有层状的微结构并且平行于骨的表面排列.观察也显示这些羟基磷灰石层又是由许多羟基磷灰石片所组成,这些羟基磷灰石片具有长而薄的形状,也以平行的方式整齐排列.基于在胫骨中观察到的羟基磷灰石片的微结构特征,通过微结构模型分析及实验,研究了羟基磷灰石片平行排列微结构的最大拔出能.结果表明,羟基磷灰石片长而薄的形状以及平行排列方式增加了其最大拔出能,进而提高了骨的断裂韧性.     

Mechanism of Nucleation of Precipitates of Carbides of Refractory Metals Under Hot Rolling of Automotive Sheet Steel

Metal Science and Heat Treatment - The problem of formation of properties in microalloyed sheet steels is considered. The cause and the possible mechanism of precipitation of carbides of refractory...     

燃煤机组锅炉烟气脱硝灰中氨含量测定

NOx是大气环境的主要污染物之一,其主要来源为火力发电机组。依靠低氮燃烧技术,远达不到排放要求。选择性催化还原脱硝(简称SCR)技术是目前效率最高、最成熟、应用最广泛的电厂烟气脱硝技术。目前,在线氨逃逸监测技术存在诸多问题,影响了氨逃逸监测数据的准确度和稳定性。在燃料种类、炉膛结构、受热面布置、过量空气量、炉膛气流分布以及脱硝催化剂类型等条件确定的情况下,控制好氨加入量及其逃逸量是保证NOx脱除率的关键所在。燃煤锅炉除尘飞灰氨含量可侧面反映脱硝氨逃逸率的状况。根据国外的文献报道,正常情况下,电除尘灰中氨含量一般在50mg/kg-100mg/kg范围内。由于国内尚无灰中氨含量的测定方法,亦无脱硝运行对飞灰含氨量影响的数据积累。本文通过大量试验,确定了灰中氨溶解条件(如溶解时间、搅拌状态、灰水比、灰样量及其稳定性等),制定了灰中氨含量测定方法。     

Features of formation of the structure in production of blanks of disks of heat-resistant nickel alloys

Conclusions To provide a high level of mechanical properties in wrought blanks of cast ÉP741NP and ÉP962 alloys it is necessary to form controlled structures. A necklace-type structure formed in homogenizing isostatic treatment, subsequent thermomechanical working including alternation of the operations of deformation in the (+)-area and recrystallization anneals, and final heat treatment is preferable. The temperature conditions of all stages of thermomechanical working are strictly controlled, especially the final operation of deformation and heating for hardening. To eliminate hardening cracks and distortions it is necessary to use molten salts at t=600°C as quenchants. The use of multiple production operations makes it possible to significantly reduce the structural inhomogeneity related to inhertance of the original dendritic structure. However, the structure of the final semifinished product is nevertheless characterized by a difference in occurrence of the processes of polygonization and recrystallization between the former dendritic cells and the interdendritic spaces in deformation and heat treatment.To obtain structurally homogeneous blanks for gas turbine engine parts it is necessary to use basically new methods of remelting such as vacuum double electrode remelting and electron beam remelting with an intermediate vessel.Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 12, pp. 25–29, December, 1991.     

Ab-initio calculation of enthalpies of formation of intermetallic compounds and enthalpies of mixing of solid solutions

A large number of ab-initio calculations of energies of formation of intermetallic compounds have been performed in the last 15 years. The currently used methods are listed. The paper presents a review of the aluminium based compounds which have been studied. Comparisons of calculated and experimental enthalpies of formation are provided for aluminim-3d and-4d transition metal alloys at equiatomic composition. The modelling of the enthalpies of mixing of solid solutions based on a given lattice is described.