热等静压温度和粒度对粉末冶金TiAl合金组织和性能的影响

采用电极感应熔炼气雾化（EIGA）制粉和热等静压（HIP）固结成形制备Ti-43Al-9V-0.3Y合金。研究了热等静压温度和粉末粒度对TiAl合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。采用场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）、能谱（EDS）、X射线衍射（XRD）、定量金相（OM）、质谱仪（MS）对样品进行了分析表征。结果表明,TiAl合金粉末主要相组成为β/B2相,经热等静压固结成形后合金主要由γ和β/B2相组成,此外两种状态的合金中都含有少量YAl2和Y2O3相。TiAl合金在1000℃～1260℃范围150MPa、3h条件下热等静压,组织均为近γ组织,随着温度的升高,γ相尺寸增大,室温和700℃拉伸强度有一定的降低,但伸长率显著升高。在0～250μm范围,粉末粒径越小,空心粉含量和Ar含量越低。将同炉3个粒度段（<53μm、53～105μm、105～250μm）的TiAl合金粉末分别经1200℃/150MPa/3h热等静压固结成形,合金显微组织和拉伸强度随粒度变化不明显,但合金高温拉伸伸长率随粉末粒度的减小而升高。     

镍基粉末高温合金FGH95涡轮盘材料研究

讨论了ＦＧＨ９５氩气雾化粉末高温合金中缺陷、粉末颗粒凝固组织及其相组成、粉末经过热等静压后显微组织与相组成、热等静压坯再经包套模锻后合金的组织与低周疲劳性能、以及热等静压坯再经挤压后合金组织的改善和热处理制度的改进。     

镍基粉末高温合金FGH95涡轮盘材料研究

讨论了ＦＧＨ９５氩气雾化粉末高温合金中中缺陷、粉末颗粒凝固组织及其相组成，粉末经过热静压显微组织与相组成、热等静压坯再经包套模锻后合金的组织与低周疲劳性能，以及热等静压坯再再经挤压后合金组织的改善和处理制度的改进。     

热等静压粉末Ti2AlNb合金的制备及电子束焊

采用无坩埚感应熔炼超声气体雾化法制备了成分为Ti-22Al-24Nb-0.5Mo(原子分数,%)的预合金粉末,通过包套热等静压工艺制备了粉末Ti2AlNb合金。实验结果显示,粉末粒度显著影响粉末Ti2AlNb合金的孔隙分布。对制备的粉末Ti2AlNb合金粉末环坯进行X射线探伤,检验结果显示环坯无明显焊接气孔及夹杂缺陷。采用金相显微镜(OM)和扫描电镜(SEM),研究了热等静压态Ti2AlNb合金电子束焊接头显微组织,从熔合区到母材的组织为单相组织向双态组织过渡,熔合区和热影响区显微硬度略高于母材。     

真空脱气对粉末冶金Ti2AlNb合金力学性能的影响

采用无坩埚感应熔炼超声气体雾化法制备了成分为Ti-22Al-24Nb-0.5Mo(原子分数，x/%)的预合金粉末，并对预合金粉末的化学成分、表面状态及流动性等进行了表征。通过包套热等静压工艺制备了粉末冶金Ti2AlNb合金，研究了真空脱气对粉末冶金Ti2AlNb合金力学性能的影响。结果表明，超声气体雾化法制备的Ti2AlNb合金粉末化学成分批次稳定性好；从粉末填充的工艺性能方面考虑，热等静压成形应选取粒度小于250 μm以下的全粒度分布预合金粉末；真空脱气处理可减少粉末冶金Ti2AlNb合金的孔隙缺陷，提升合金拉伸性能的稳定性和高温持久寿命。     

粉末冶金TA7 ELI合金的制备及其界面反应层

采用Ti-5Al-2.5Sn ELI (TA7 ELI)洁净预合金粉末通过热等静压(HIP)致密化工艺制备TA7 ELI合金.利用粒度仪和扫描电镜等对粉末的粒径分布、形貌和化学成分进行表征.利用金相显微镜分析热等静压后TA7 ELI合金的显微组织,利用电子探针分析包套和粉末反应层的元素分布.结果表明:粉末的平均粒度约为80 μm,形貌呈球形;经1 000 ℃、130 MPa、3 h热等静压后,材料的相对密度达到理论密度的99.5%,获得平均晶粒直径约为40 μm的细小等轴晶组织;包套与TA7 ELI粉末界面反应层厚度为3～8 μm,反应层富集Al和Sn元素,Fe元素沿TA7 ELI晶界快速扩散,在界面附近呈网状分布.     

TiAl预合金粉末热等静压致密化机理及热处理对微观组织的影响

采用感应熔炼气体雾化法(EIGA)制备了Ti-47Al-2Cr-2Nb-0.2W-0.15B(原子分数,%,下同)和Ti-45Al-8Nb-0.2Si-0.3B 2种Ti Al预合金粉末,应用SEM,OM和DSC对预合金粉末进行表征.对Ti Al预合金粉末进行热等静压致密化处理,随后对致密化所得Ti Al合金进行热处理,研究了不同时效温度和冷却速率对Ti Al合金微观组织的影响.结果表明,预合金粉末的冷却速率在105~106K/s之间,随着冷却速率的增加,预合金粉末雾化过程中出现b→a'的马氏体转变.DSC曲线表明,升温过程中在700~800℃之间发生亚稳a2相→g相的转变.在热等静压过程中,预合金粉末初始阶段随机堆积,通过粉末颗粒流动、转动和重排实现致密度的提高.随着温度升高a2相转变为g相;温度进一步升高,粉末颗粒发生显著塑性变形,颗粒间形成烧结颈.随着保温时间的延长,粉末间孔隙主要通过表面扩散、体积扩散和扩散蠕变连接方式完成闭合.Ti-47Al-2Cr-2Nb-0.2W-0.15B预合金粉末热等静压致密化后,其微观组织主要为细小等轴的g相组织,以及少量的a2相和b相.Ti-45Al-8Nb-0.2Si-0.3B预合金粉末热等静压致密化后,其微观组织主要为细小等轴的g相组织,以及少量的a2相和弥散分布的硅化物x-Nb5Si3.时效温度不同,等轴g相、等轴a2相和a2/g片层之间面积分数发生变化,其变化规律主要取决于各相的Gibbs自由能变化.冷却速率对Ti-47Al-2Cr-2Nb-0.2W-0.15B和Ti-45Al-8Nb-0.2Si-0.3B合金连续冷却相变有较大的影响.对于Ti-47Al-2Cr-2Nb-0.2W-0.15B合金,水冷主要形成等轴a2相,油冷、空冷和炉冷都形成全片层组织.对于Ti-45Al-8Nb-0.2Si-0.3B合金,水冷形成a2相和gm相,油冷和空冷形成羽毛状、Widmanst?tten片层和a2/g片层混合组织,炉冷形成全片层组织.对比2种Ti Al合金连续冷却曲线可知,Nb元素的增加使得连续冷却曲线向无扩散型转变方向发展.     

三种不同粒径分布的Ti-6Al-4VELI球形粉末热等静压件的显微组织及力学性能

我们研究了经等离子旋转电极法制备的三种不同粒径分布的Ti-6Al-4VELI(低间隙)合金球形粉末经热等静压工艺制件后的显微组织和力学性能。Ti-6Al-4VELI合金球形粉末经940℃及120MPa同时升温升压的热等静压工艺制件。利用光学显微镜(OM),扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及能谱仪(EDS)可观察到HIP制件中的α+β混合相。研究结果表明,Ti-6Al-4VELI合金球形粉末经热等静压制件后的显微组织与粉末粒径分布有很大关系。与Ti-6Al-4VELI合金中粉(粒径分布范围：100μm~150μm)及粗粉(粒径分布范围：150μm~250μm)制成的热等静压件相比,由Ti-6Al-4VELI合金细粉(粒径分布范围：45μm~100μm)制成的热等静压件呈现出更为优异的显微组织及力学性能,表现为更为细化的显微组织和更高的抗拉强度及延伸率,与粉末热等静压制件的显微断口分析结果相一致。     

Ti2AlNb异形粉末环件的轧制成形与性能研究

采用预合金粉末热等静压工艺制备了名义成分为Ti-22Al-24.5Nb-0.5Mo (原子分数,%)的Ti_2AlNb合金及大尺寸异形环坯(直径大于800 mm),采用热模拟压缩实验研究了Ti_2AlNb粉末合金的热变形行为,并对异形粉末环坯进行了轧制实验,分析了轧制前后的组织性能变化。结果表明,Ti_2AlNb粉末合金的热加工窗口宽且开裂倾向小,具有更均匀的化学成分和α_2相分布,但其应力抖动更加明显。优选1035～1045℃为Ti_2AlNb粉末异形环的变形温度区间,Ti2AlNb粉末异形环坯经两火轧制后,无损检测表明无任何裂纹产生。热变形促使Ti_2AlNb粉末合金的O板条细化和α_2相球化,热处理后,粉末制坯+环轧成形Ti_2AlNb合金为近两相(B2+O)组织,合金的室、高温拉伸塑性显著提高。     

Ti6Al4V预合金粉末制备与研究

以乙醇为过程控制剂,采用机械球磨法制备Ti6Al4V预合金粉末,借助X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM),研究不同球磨时间的Ti6Al4V预合金粉末的相组成和微观形貌。结果表明,随着球磨时间的增加,粉末逐渐细化,晶粒尺寸变小,微应变逐渐增加;球磨60 h后粉末达到较好的细化效果以及固溶效果;球磨90h后,粉末完全合金化,粉末粒度到达纳米级别,平均粒径50 nm。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.     

INTRODUCTION TO PATENTS

The invention provides a method of making a mold which can reduce SOx generation rate while preventing decrease in hardening rate in the case of using sulfuric acid for a hardener composition. The method has a mixture step in which fire-resistant particles, a hardener composition and a binder composition are mixed to obtain a composition for a mold. The hardener composition contains sulfuric acid. In the mixture step, sodium carbonate is added. A molar ratio of the sulfuric acid to the sodium carbonate is 0.5 or more and 4.0 or less.     

China Foundry Week 2014

China Foundry Week, hosted by the Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society （FICMES） each year, is a large academic event in China. It is one of the ten high-impact activities sponsored by the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society.     

17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering Call for papers

正1.Contents In order to promote the academic exchanges and technical communication of the research in the field of fluid power transmission and control,fluid control engineering specialized committee of the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics will hold the 17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering on July 27-29,2014 in Tibet,Lhasa city.     

Formulas of Tension of Continuous Rolling Process

The development of computer controlled continuous rolling process calls for a mathematical expression that can express the inequality condition of "constant flow". Tension is the link of the continuous rolling process. From the condition of dynamic equilibrium, a differential equation of tension is given out. On the basis of the physical rules established from the industrial practice and experimental studies, the law of volume constancy, the linear relation of forward slip and tension, the state equation of continuous rolling, the formula of dynamic tension, and the formula of static tension have been obtained. These formulae reflect the functional relations between tensions, thickness, roll velocity, and time in the continuous rolling process. It is implied that the continuous rolling process is a gradually steady, controllable, and measurable dynamic system. An assumption of predicting the thickness of a steel plate using these tension formulae is also put forward.