Effects of yttrium addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of as-extruded AZ31 magnesium alloys

The effects of yttrium addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of as-extruded AZ31 magnesium alloys were investigated by OM,XRD and SEM.The results show that the addition of yttrium results in the formation of a new phase,Al_2Y. When the addition of yttrium is higher than 1.48%-2.91%(mass fraction),another new phase,Al_3Y_5Mn_7,forms,and the amount ofβ-Mg_(17)Al_(12) phase in the AZ31 alloy decreases sharply.The tensile test at room temperature indicates that the yield strength of as-extrude...     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-6Al-0.3Mn-xY alloys prepared by casting and hot rolling

Mg-6Al-0.3Mn-xY(x=0,0.3,0.6 and 0.9,mass fraction,%) magnesium alloys were prepared by casting and hot rolling process.The influence of yttrium on microstructure and tensile mechanical properties of the AM60 magnesium alloy was investigated.The results reveal that with increasing the yttrium content,Al2Y precipitates form and the grain size is reduced.The ultimate strength,yield strength and elongation at room temperature are 192 MPa,62 MPa and 12.6%,respectively,for the as-cast Mg-6Al-0.3Mn-0.9Y alloy.All ...     

Effects of minor yttrium addition on hot deformability of lamellar Ti-45Al-SNb alloy

The effects of 0.3%（molar fraction, the same below） yttrium addition on hot deformability of lamellar Ti-45Al-5Nb alloy were investigated by simulated isothermal forging tests. The ingots with the nominal compositions of Ti-45Al-5Nb and Ti-45Al-5Nb-0.3Y were prepared by induction skull melting. Simulated isothermal forging tests were conducted on Gleeble 1500D thermo-simulation machine using a 6 mm in diameter and 10 mm in length compressive specimen at the deformation temperatures of 1 100, 1 150, 1 200 ℃ and strain rates of 1.0, 0.1, 0.01 s^-1. The results show that yttrium addition remarkably improves hot deformability of Ti-45Al-5Nb alloy. An appropriate hot deformation processing parameter of Ti-45Al-5Nb-0.3Y alloy is determined as 1 200 ℃, 0.01 s^-1. The flow stresses are decreased by yttrium addition under the same compressive conditions. The activation energies of deformation Q are calculated as 448.6 and 399.5 kJ/mol for Y-free and Y-containing alloys, respectively. The deformed microstructure observation under 1 200 ℃, 0.01 s^-1 condition indicates that Ti-45Al-5Nb-0.3Y alloy shows more dynamic recrystallization. The improvement of hot deformability of Ti-45Al-5Nb-0.3Y alloy induced by yttrium addition should be attributed to that the smaller the original lamellar colonies, the lower the deformation resistance and activation energy of deformation are, and the more the dynamic recrystallization is.     

Application of texture simulation to understanding mechanical behavior of Mg and solid solution alloys containing Li or Y

The viscoplastic self-consistent model was used to interpret differences in the mechanical behavior of hexagonal close packed magnesium alloys. There are only subtle differences in the compression textures of magnesium and its solid solution alloys containing lithium or yttrium. However, the plane strain compression textures of the alloys showed an increasing tendency for the basal poles to rotate away from the “normal direction” towards the “rolling direction”. Texture simulations enabled these distinctions to be attributed to the increased activity of the non-basal c+a slip mode. The alloys had improved compressive ductilities compared to pure magnesium, and the increased c+a slip mode activity provides a satisfying explanation for this improvement, since it can accommodate c-axis compression within individual grains. Accounting for individual deformation mode hardening enabled the flow curves to be simulated and the anisotropic plastic response of textured wrought alloys to be mechanistically understood and predicted.     

钇对压铸AZ91镁合金耐腐蚀性能的影响

研究了在中性NaCl水溶液中压铸AZ91及AZ91 1%Y合金的腐蚀性能.结果表明,在相同浓度及相同温度的NaCl腐蚀介质中,压铸AZ91 1%Y合金的腐蚀速率明显低于AZ91合金.对压铸AZ91及AZ91 1%Y镁合金腐蚀层中各元素的XPS分析结果表明,AZ91 1%Y合金腐蚀试样中存在Y的氧化物,可以起到钝化保护膜的作用,从而提高了镁合金的耐腐蚀性能.     

含钇Mg-Zn系镁合金的研究现状

稀土镁合金已成为近些年的研究重点之一.综述了钇(Y)对Mg-Zn系合金的铸态组织、室温和高温力学性能、铸造性能以及耐腐蚀性的影响,以及Y和Ce、Mn和Nd等合金元素的复合加入对Mg-Zn系合金力学性能的影响.最后还指出了Mg-Zn-Y系合金目前存在的问题,并指明了其发展方向.     

AZ31镁合金中拉伸孪晶静态再结晶的分析

基于前期工作对压缩孪晶静态再结晶的分析,主要利用XRD和EBSD技术进一步研究AZ31镁合金中拉伸孪晶静态再结晶过程中组织和织构的演变规律,以及再结晶初期新晶粒的取向特征,结果表明:拉伸孪晶不能有效地促进再结晶形核,其细化晶粒的效果不显著,其再结晶速率显著延迟于压缩孪晶;退火过程中并没有生成新的再结晶织构组分,表现为初始基面织构的减弱;新晶粒优先在拉伸孪晶的变体交叉处,或拉伸孪晶与压缩孪晶的交叉处形核,但其取向规律性不强,没有遵循初始拉伸或压缩孪晶内的取向规律,同时还对拉伸与压缩孪晶的再结晶行为进行了比较。     

Investigation of the microstructure and properties of castable neodymium-and yttrium-bearing magnesium alloys at elevated temperatures

The properties, structure, and special features of the technological process of native (ML10, ML19) and imported (WE43,WE54) castable high-temperature magnesium alloys containing neodymium and yttrium are investigated. Recommendations are given for the use of these alloys in the aircraft industry and some other fields of basic engineering (automobile industry). Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 5, pp. 21–25, May, 1997.     

铝含量对应变诱发法半固态镁合金的影响

结合半固态合金成分设计原则,通过热力学计算,研究了3种成分的半固态镁合金。通过组织观察和流变学参数分析表明,半固态组织的形成速度随铝含量增加而加快,固相粒子变得细小、圆整。分析得出铝元素主要通过两个方面影响半固态组织,一个是液相形核,另一个是再结晶晶粒尺寸。随着铝含量增加,液相形核数量增多,再结晶晶粒尺寸减小,这些都促进了半固态组织的形成和演变,有利于镁合金半固态加工。     

Analysis on flow stress of magnesium alloys during high temperature deformation

The flow stress of magnesium alloys during hot compression at different temperatures and strain rates was studied by experiments.Materials used were AZ91D alloys in as-cast,homogeneous treatment states,AZ31 and ZK60 alloys in as-cast state. The results show that the thermal simulation curves of different alloys differ from one another at the same deforming condition.The general curves of AZ31 and AZ91D alloys have the character of dynamic recrystallization.There are increase of true stress,drastic fallin...     

AZ31B镁合金塑性变形动态再结晶的实验研究

通过不同应变速率和不同温度下的轴对称压缩试验,研究了AZ31B镁合金塑性变形与动态再结晶的相互依赖关系。研究证实,温度T在200℃～400℃区间、变形程度ε约0.2左右时,开始出现动态再结晶(DRX)现象。随变形程度的增加,DRX晶粒不断增多,材料呈现明显的软化趋势,流动应力下降。当DRX过程完成以后,继续变形,材料又出现硬化行为。为镁合金塑性变形组织演变的定量研究打下了基础。     

镁及镁合金动态再结晶研究进展

综述了镁及镁合金动态再结晶方面的研究现状，介绍了镁及镁合金室温或高温塑性变形行为，包括应力一应变特征及其影响因素、应变速率方程和流变应力方程；描述了该合金在不同变形条件下发生塑性变形时的位错、孪晶、亚结构等微观组织演变以及各种动态再结晶如孪生动态再结晶、低温动态再结晶、连续动态再结晶、不连续动态再结晶和旋转动态再结晶的机理及其特点；最后讨论了动态再结晶与塑性变形之间的相互关系，并提出了镁及镁合金动态再结晶研究的发展趋势。     

析出相对镁合金变形机理影响的研究进展

阐述了具有析出沉淀相镁合金变形行为的研究现状;概括了析出沉淀相对镁合金微观变形机制和再结晶行为的影响;总结了析出沉淀相的硬化机理以及不同形态析出物的硬化模型;提出了此研究领域亟待解决的科学问题。目前,针对析出沉淀相的形态、分布以及惯习面对镁合金不同滑移系和孪生行为的影响尚缺乏系统的研究;关于析出相与再结晶机制的交互作用并没有得到重视;此外,适用于析出沉淀强化镁合金更为普遍的硬化模型有待进一步研究。     

非对称挤压腔循环膨胀挤出法制备AZ31合金的显微组织和力学性能

研究AZ31合金在非对称挤压腔循环膨胀挤出(CEE-AEC)过程中的显微组织、织构演化和力学性能.结果表明,在CEE-AEC过程中发生连续动态再结晶(CDRX)和不连续动态再结晶(DDRX).经过3道次变形后,变形试样的显微组织得到细化,非对称型腔区域合金的平均晶粒尺寸为6.9μm.随着道次的增加,基体织构的最大强度增...     

Microstructure and texture evolution of AZ31 magnesium alloy during rolling

The production of magnesium alloy sheets normally involves several processing stages including hot rolling,cold rolling and intermediate annealing.The microstructure and texture evolution of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets in different processing states were investigated by optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction technique.It is found that the microstructure of hot-rolled sheets is dominated by recrystallized equiaxed grains,while that of cold-rolled sheets is dominated by deformation twins.With final annea...     

Effect of thermal processing on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ80 magnesium alloy

The influences of deformation temperature and deformation degree on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ80 magnesium alloy were investigated by the adoption of isothermal plain strain compression experiment.The results show that thermal compression processing can refine the grain size and the tensile strength of all the deformed AZ80 magnesium alloys is increased to the maximum of 320 MPa.With the increasing of deformation temperature,the tensile strength decreases;with the increasing of th...     

Y对AZ91D镁合金组织及力学性能的影响

研究了稀土元素钇（Y）对AZ91D镁合金铸态及热处理态的组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明：Y会强烈地细化合金组织，并在合金中生成方块状的Al6Mn6Y相及杆状的Al2Y相。少量的Y能显著提高合金的力学性能，当Y含量（质量分数）达到1．5％时，合金得到最佳的力学性能。另外，含Y的AZ91D合金固溶处理后硬度及抗拉强度皆高于原AZ91D合金，并且Y会推迟镁合金的时效过程，延长时效峰值的到来时间。     

AZ31镁合金铸轧和常规轧制板的变形组织及形变特征

在变形温度为150～400 ℃、应变速率为0.3～0.000 3 s~(-1)条件下,在Gleeble1500热模拟机上采用等温拉伸试验对AZ31镁合金铸轧和常规轧制板的高温塑性及组织演变进行研究.结果表明:两种AZ31镁合金板的峰值应力和峰值应变均随着变形温度的降低和应变速率的增加而逐渐增大.铸轧板的应变硬化指数和应变速率敏感系数均大于常规轧制板的.在高温低应变速率变形条件下,铸轧板的晶界滑移引起的空洞尺寸、体积分数和密度均大于常规轧制板的.低应变速率下拉伸变形后的动态再结晶晶粒尺寸随温度的升高逐渐增加;不同变形条件下铸轧板的晶粒尺寸均小于常规轧制板的;再结晶晶粒尺寸和Z参数呈幂律关系.     

Effect of extrusion parameters on degradation of magnesium alloys for bioimplant applications: A review

Magnesium alloys, as a new generation temporary biomaterial, deserve the desirable biocompatibility and biodegradability, and also contribute to the repair of the damaged bone tissues. However, they do not possess the required corrosion resistance in human body fluid. Hot mechanical workings, such as extrusion, influence both the mechanical properties and bio-corrosion behavior of magnesium alloys. This review aims to gather information on how the extrusion parameters (extrusion ratio and temperature) influence the bio-corrosion performances of magnesium alloys. Their effects are mainly ascribed to the alteration of extruded alloy microstructure, including final grain size and uniformity of grains, texture, and the size, distribution and volume fraction of the second phases. Dynamic recrystallization and grain refinement during extrusion provide a more homogeneous microstructure and cause the formation of basal texture, resulting in improved strength and corrosion resistance of magnesium alloy. Extrusion temperature and extrusion ratio are reported as the influential factors in the degradation. The reports reveal that the increase in extrusion ratio and/or the reduction in extrusion temperature cause a decrease in the final grain size, leading to intensification of basal texture, in parallel side of the samples with extrusion line, and to lower volume fraction and size of precipitates in magnesium alloys. These all lead to improving the bio-corrosion resistance of the magnesium alloy implants.     

Influence of initial textures on dynamic recrystallization and textures in AZ31 magnesium alloys

1　INTRODUCTIONMagnesiumisthelightestmetallicstructurema terialwithhighspecificstrengthandthereforeiswidelyusedinautomotive ,electronicsandaerospaceindustries[1,2 ] .However ,magnesiumoftenshowsinsufficientplasticityatroomtemperatureduetoitsHCPstructurewithlessindependentsystemsofbasalslip .Toenhanceformabilityofmagnesium ,ahigherdeformingtemperatureisusuallyusedwithtwopur poses .Thefirstistoactivatenewslipsystemsbesidesbasalslip ,sothatmorethanfiveindependentslipsystemscanbeprovided ,be…