奥氏体不锈钢渗碳层的组织及耐蚀强化性能研究

针对常规渗碳工艺会削弱奥氏体不锈钢耐蚀性的问题,通过对现有气体渗碳技术进行改进,采用前处理活化、降低渗碳温度的方法,实现了奥氏体不锈钢渗碳兼顾表面强度与耐蚀性能的目标。采用该工艺对AISI304和AISI316奥氏体不锈钢进行渗碳处理,并分析渗层组织和性能,结果表明,在470℃条件下,AISI316不锈钢经气体渗碳处理后,渗碳层具有优异的耐蚀强化性能。     

奥氏体不锈钢低温渗碳技术的研究现状及应用前景

奥氏体不锈钢是一种应用非常广泛的金属耐蚀材料,但强度较低,影响了它的使用寿命.长期以来,其表面强化与耐蚀性能之间的矛盾一直未能根本解决.本文综合评述了一种近年来发展较快的不影响奥氏体不锈钢耐蚀性能的表面强化工艺--奥氏体不锈钢低温渗碳技术,论述了该技术的工艺特点,探讨了该技术的强化原理,并预测了它的发展前景.     

316L奥氏体不锈钢低温气体渗碳后的表面特性

提出了一种新型的奥氏体不锈钢低温气体渗碳工艺,采用该工艺对316L奥氏体不锈钢进行不同时间的渗碳处理,并对渗碳后不锈钢的表面特性进行了分析和探讨。结果表明,渗碳后试样表面晶格发生膨胀,形成了15~35 μm的扩张奥氏体层,该层具有高残余压应力、高硬度、高含碳量及良好的韧性,且层中无碳化铬析出,说明该工艺兼顾了奥氏体不锈钢的表面强化与抗腐蚀性能;同时,渗碳时间对表面的强化效果影响显著,表面残余应力、硬度及碳含量等随渗碳时间延长均增加。     

AISI 316L奥氏体不锈钢低温离子-气体渗碳工艺优化

目的将低温离子-气体乙炔渗碳应用于AISI 316L奥氏体不锈钢表面硬化处理,同时探讨其硬化处理的最优工艺参数及优化效果。方法采用离子轰击去除不锈钢表面钝化膜并活化其表面,再进行低温气体乙炔渗碳,实验过程使用脉冲式供气循环处理方式。进行温度梯度实验,寻找渗碳处理的临界温度。并采用正交试验法设计3因素3水平共9组实验,分析气体比例、离子轰击时间、保温压强3个因素对渗碳层硬度和厚度产生的影响,以期得到不锈钢低温离子-气体乙炔渗碳优化工艺。通过对经过最优化工艺处理过后的不锈钢硬化层组织、成分、厚度、硬度、耐磨性、耐蚀性能的研究分析,验证此工艺对AISI 316L奥氏体不锈钢硬化处理的适用性。结果处理温度为540℃时渗碳层有碳的铬化物析出;离子轰击时间对渗碳层硬度影响最大,保温压强对硬化层厚度影响最明显。在硬化处理温度为520℃,V(H2)∶V(C2H2)=1∶1,渗碳压强为-0.02 MPa,离子轰击时间为20 min时,316L奥氏体不锈钢离子-气体乙炔渗碳效果最优。经优化工艺处理后不锈钢硬化层厚度达到30μm左右,表面硬度达到838HV0.05,耐蚀性和耐磨性能等都显著提高。结论低温离子-气体乙炔渗碳硬化处理适用于AISI 316L奥氏体不锈钢,其处理最合适温度为520℃。经优化工艺处理后的不锈钢具有较高的硬度、厚度,良好的硬度梯度,高耐蚀性能及高耐磨性能。     

渗碳气氛对奥氏体不锈钢低温离子渗碳的影响

奥氏体不锈钢低温离子渗碳处理是一种能在不降低耐蚀性能的前提下显著提高其表面硬度的有效方法。本文研究了奥氏体不锈钢低温离子渗碳气体比例及炉内压强对渗碳层硬度及厚度的影响。试验结果表明,炉内气体比例及压强对渗碳层硬度及厚度都有较大的影响。当氢气与甲烷比例为(20~30):1、气体压强为400 Pa时,渗碳层的硬度最高,硬化层最厚。     

不锈钢低温渗氮/渗碳S相渗层技术的研究进展

奥氏体不锈钢通过低温渗氮/渗碳,获得含氮/碳固溶饱和的扩散层,即S相渗层,不仅提高了不锈钢表面硬度,而且还提高了不锈钢的耐蚀性。本文综述了不锈钢S相渗层研究与应用技术的最新研究进展,分析了低温离子渗氮/渗碳、气体低温渗氮/渗碳、高温渗氮固溶淬火及离子注入渗氮技术的工艺特点。讨论了S相渗层的力学性能和耐蚀性能,分析了国内S相低温渗层技术工业应用存在的问题,展望了S相技术的发展前景。     

不损害耐蚀性的奥氏体不锈钢渗碳强化技术研究进展

奥氏体不锈钢广泛用于制造在腐蚀环境下服役的零部件和构件,但因其强度较低,应用领域受到很大限制。通过对奥氏体不锈钢的耐蚀机制分析,论述了常规渗碳对其腐蚀性能的影响,介绍了当前国内外在不损害其耐蚀性的条件下进行低温强化的技术现状,最后展望了低温渗碳耐蚀强化技术的应用前景。     

低温超饱和气体渗碳对316L奥氏体不锈钢力学性能的影响

采用低温超饱和气体渗碳技术对316L奥氏体不锈钢进行表面强化,测量了渗碳层沿深度方向的碳含量、残余应力及纳米硬度分布。通过单轴拉伸试验,测量了渗碳层表面开裂伸长率,计算了断裂韧性,并采用分离法研究了低温超饱和气体渗碳表面强化层的平均抗拉强度。结果表明,经470℃,30h低温超饱和气体渗碳处理后,奥氏体不锈钢表面形成一层厚度约30μm的表面渗碳强化层,渗碳层表面碳质量分数高达约2.4%,纳米硬度达到12.6 GPa,残余应力达到-2.2 GPa;渗碳层表面断裂韧性约19 MPa·m~(1/2),断裂应变约1.5%;渗碳层平均抗拉强度为1.4 GPa;渗碳层在提高材料整体抗拉强度的同时,降低了屈服强度和伸长率。     

奥氏体不锈钢表面低温离子硬化处理后的亮化处理

奥氏体不锈钢表面低温离子硬化处理后,其表面覆盖了一层成分复杂、结合牢固的薄膜,不仅影响了不锈钢表面的外观质量,而且还影响到其表面的耐蚀性能.对奥氏体不锈钢低温离子渗碳的试样进行电化学亮化处理,并对亮化处理前后硬化层的表面形貌、表面粗糙度、组织结构、显微硬度及耐蚀性能做了比较.结果表明,虽然亮化处理后不锈钢表面硬化层的厚度和硬度略有减小,但却能显著提高其表面的耐蚀性能,表面较亮化处理前更加光滑,Ra由0.27μm减小到0.09μm.因此,在奥氏体不锈钢表面低温离子硬化处理后再进行一次表面亮化处理是十分必要的.     

低温气体渗碳对304L奥氏体不锈钢抗氢性能的影响

对304L奥氏体不锈钢进行低温(470℃)气体渗碳,采用光学显微镜(OM),电子探针显微分析仪(EPMA)以及X射线应力分析仪(IXRD)研究了304L奥氏体不锈钢低温气体渗碳强化层的厚度、碳含量及残余应力分布。通过电化学充氢实验,结合X射线相结构分析(XRD),慢应变单轴拉伸试验,扫描电镜(SEM)观察以及氢含量检测等方法分析低温气体表面渗碳对304L不锈钢抗氢脆性能的影响。研究表明:304L不锈钢经30 h低温气体表面渗碳处理后,形成了约22μm的渗碳层,渗碳层中碳含量和残余应力在表面最高,分别为2%(质量分数)及-1.47 GPa,并沿深度方向梯度减小;低温气体表面渗碳大幅度提高304L不锈钢表面的稳定性,在充氢过程中不产生马氏体相变,从而提高其抗氢性能。此外,渗碳层中的压缩残余应力对抑制H扩散,也起到了积极的作用。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Rheology Feature of Simple Metal Melt

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

INTRODUCTION TO PATENTS

The invention provides a method of making a mold which can reduce SOx generation rate while preventing decrease in hardening rate in the case of using sulfuric acid for a hardener composition. The method has a mixture step in which fire-resistant particles, a hardener composition and a binder composition are mixed to obtain a composition for a mold. The hardener composition contains sulfuric acid. In the mixture step, sodium carbonate is added. A molar ratio of the sulfuric acid to the sodium carbonate is 0.5 or more and 4.0 or less.     

China Foundry Week 2014

China Foundry Week, hosted by the Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society （FICMES） each year, is a large academic event in China. It is one of the ten high-impact activities sponsored by the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society.     

17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering Call for papers

正1.Contents In order to promote the academic exchanges and technical communication of the research in the field of fluid power transmission and control,fluid control engineering specialized committee of the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics will hold the 17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering on July 27-29,2014 in Tibet,Lhasa city.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.