利用热分析仪控制铁液共晶度

介绍了Si对共晶度和共晶点的影响,指出了孕育衰退和铁液温度是影响铁液共晶度的主要因素,通过生产实例,叙述了利用热分析仪控制铁液共晶度的方法:从测量跟踪的铸件中选出材料性能和加工性能相对满意的铸件,根据孕育、扒渣后热分析仪的测量记录,反查出该炉原铁液的热分析测量记录,再根据原铁液热分析结果和孕育后铁液热分析结果计算出提高共晶度的幅值,根据该铁液的热分析测量记录中的初晶温度,核定出终浇温度、始浇温度以及出铁温度,从而得到性能良好且稳定的优质铸件。     

小型铁液包的保温设计

国内铸造厂使用的小型铁液包通常使用单层耐火材料包衬,铁液在这种铁液包中温度下降很快。为了减缓铁液在浇注过程中的温降,设计了一种新的小型铁液包包衬结构,使用3种导热系数耐火材料制作包衬。结果表明,3层耐火材料包衬设计,减缓了铁液在浇注过程中的温降,对浇铸温度提高和节能减排效果显著。在相同工况下,3层包衬的铁液最终浇铸温度比单层包衬高29℃。     

低硅—稀土镁铁压块球化剂在轿车球铁件上的应用

为解决回炉铁积压问题,球化处理由原来使用单一球化剂改为使用由2/3稀土镁硅铁合金+1/3低硅—稀土镁铁压块组成的混合球化剂,减少球化剂带进的w(Si)量,使回炉料使用量增加,新生铁、废钢使用量相应减少。同时,介绍了低硅—稀土镁铁压块球化剂的生产工艺及其使用注意事项。     

铸态中锰抗磨球铁GMC型变质剂的研制

以碱金属元素化合物为主要组份，配成５种变质剂。通过试验选出其中变质作用是强，成本较低的一种作为铸态中锰抗磨球铁变质剂，经重复试验和现场运转考核均表明其变质作用显著，稳定可靠。     

缓蚀抑雾剂的制备与应用

为解决钢铁酸洗除锈中盐酸对铁的腐蚀和盐酸挥发问题,研究了8种自制的缓蚀抑雾剂的性能并选出最优配方H。采用单因素试验和正交试验对配方H的工艺条件进行优化,并采用扫描电镜对试片酸洗前后的微观形貌进行分析。结果表明:配方H使用的最优工艺为除锈反应时间1h、反应温度40℃、缓蚀抑雾剂用量1.5%、工业盐酸质量分数30%;多次试验显示配方H在最优工艺下的缓蚀率和抑雾率均达到90%以上;配方H在除锈时的缓蚀抑雾效果显著。     

几种球铁热疲劳性能的研究

球铁经常使用在高温、低温循环的环境中，它的热疲劳性能被认为是最重要的性能之一。通过用感应电炉加热和自来水冷却试样．模拟球铁在700℃-25℃的反复循环使用环境，研究不同基体的球铁，发现退火铁素体球铁的热疲劳性能优于其它基体的球铁。     

大断面球铁组织形成规律的若干试验结果与分析

研究了大断面球铁碳当量、元素偏析等对组织形成的影响，分析了元素锑及冷铁在大断面球铁中的作用。试验表明，控制碳当量不超过共晶成分及添加微量元素锑可以完全消除碎块状石墨，生产铸态铁素体球铁时，使用低杂质含量生铁是关键。试验还发现，使用冷铁对大断面球铁作用不大，特别是生产铸态铁素体球铁时，使用冷钱不仅无益，反而有害。     

双联熔炼中铁液转运系统的改进

中国一拖集团有限公司第一铸铁厂熔化工部采用一台12t／h冲天炉和二台容量为10t的电炉双联熔炼。铁液由冲天炉向电炉转运时，使用1t的铁液包，通过炉前电动跑车与叉车将铁液包运至电炉前，使用电炉上方的10t吊车配合人力转动铁液包将铁液倒入电炉内。每次只有1t铁液运至电炉；若电炉内留底铁液为2～3t，那么至少要转运七八次铁液才能将一台电炉灌满。铁液在转运过程中温度降幅大，     

熔镁铁坩埚对镁液的溶铁污染及防治措施

熔镁铁坩埚在使用过程中会产生铁在镁液中的溶解,造成镁液铁污染和坩埚腐蚀,针对这一问题,分析产生的原因和机理,着重介绍几种防止铁坩埚产生溶铁污染的方法,并进行了评述.     

轧钢铁鳞去油剂的研制

用价格低廉的轧钢铁鳞可以生产高附加值的产品，但是铁鳞中含有油污，必须对铁鳞进行清洗除油处理后方能使用。本文研制了一种用于轧钢铁鳞除油的新型金属去油剂，与其他的清洗剂相比，新型去油剂具有高效、使用温度低、节能、防锈、无污染等优点。      

Prospects of the Use of Synergetic Approach to Solution of Problems of the Science of Nanomaterials

A synergetic approach to solution of problems of self-controlled synthesis of nanostructures and creation of self-organizing nanotechnologies is considered in connection with the superproblem of creation of materials with functional properties resembling those of biosystems. __________ Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 7, pp. 55 – 61, July, 2005.     

Kinetics of the oxidation of metals — Influence of self-diffusion of metal

The importance of the self-diffusion of a metal during its oxidation by a gas is treated for the cases of nonstoichiometric oxides having either interstitial cation or cation vacancies. We have established a general relationship for the reaction rate when a mixed diffusion process occurs. From this relationship, we have shown that the pressure dependence can be different, according to whether the rate-determining process is the self-diffusion through the metal or through the product.     

面向零件形状的计算机图形库的开发

论述了CAD技术中参数化设计的三种建模方法，重点介绍了基于特征的参数化建模原理。在此基础上，分析机械设计中的机构结构，归纳出其零件的几何特征构成。设计了机构CAD图形库，并提出了该图形库生成步骤和人机交互界面。     

FeCrAIW电弧喷涂层组织的致密化研究

采用激光辐照对FeCrAlW电弧喷涂层的组织进行致密化处理,借助扫描电镜和X衍射对涂层的组织进行了分析.测试了涂层的显微硬度.结果表明:涂层组织致密度提高,孔隙率明显降低.随着激光扫描速度的增加,涂层的显微硬度降低.在较低的扫描速度下,涂层与基体之间形成互熔区,涂层与基体之间产生良好的冶金结合.     

Features of formation of the structure in production of blanks of disks of heat-resistant nickel alloys

Conclusions To provide a high level of mechanical properties in wrought blanks of cast ÉP741NP and ÉP962 alloys it is necessary to form controlled structures. A necklace-type structure formed in homogenizing isostatic treatment, subsequent thermomechanical working including alternation of the operations of deformation in the (+)-area and recrystallization anneals, and final heat treatment is preferable. The temperature conditions of all stages of thermomechanical working are strictly controlled, especially the final operation of deformation and heating for hardening. To eliminate hardening cracks and distortions it is necessary to use molten salts at t=600°C as quenchants. The use of multiple production operations makes it possible to significantly reduce the structural inhomogeneity related to inhertance of the original dendritic structure. However, the structure of the final semifinished product is nevertheless characterized by a difference in occurrence of the processes of polygonization and recrystallization between the former dendritic cells and the interdendritic spaces in deformation and heat treatment.To obtain structurally homogeneous blanks for gas turbine engine parts it is necessary to use basically new methods of remelting such as vacuum double electrode remelting and electron beam remelting with an intermediate vessel.Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 12, pp. 25–29, December, 1991.     

Ab-initio calculation of enthalpies of formation of intermetallic compounds and enthalpies of mixing of solid solutions

A large number of ab-initio calculations of energies of formation of intermetallic compounds have been performed in the last 15 years. The currently used methods are listed. The paper presents a review of the aluminium based compounds which have been studied. Comparisons of calculated and experimental enthalpies of formation are provided for aluminim-3d and-4d transition metal alloys at equiatomic composition. The modelling of the enthalpies of mixing of solid solutions based on a given lattice is described.     

试论洋务派教师聘任的思想

洋务派在洋务学堂的办学活动中,为了解决西学专业学科的教学困难,采用了聘请外籍教师的应急措施.他们以真才实学,合同制管理作为主导思想,并认为这种解决师资的途径只是权宜之计,并非久远.从客观上看,洋务派的教师聘任思想有深刻的历史影响.