等离子喷涂NiAl-MoO3/BaO复合涂层的高温摩擦学性能及润滑机理研究

目的 根据氧化物润滑离子势和阳离子极化率判据，研究MoO3/BaO复合对等离子喷涂NiAl基复合涂层的高温摩擦学性能影响，并阐明复合涂层的高温润滑机理。方法 采用等离子喷涂技术(APS)制备MoO3/BaO(1∶1)质量分数分别为20%、30%、40%的复合涂层。采用显微硬度计、万能材料试验机、摩擦磨损试验机等测试复合涂层的硬度、结合强度、摩擦学性能。通过扫描电镜(SEM/EDS)、X射线衍 射仪(XRD)、激光拉曼散射仪(Raman)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)分析涂层的微观组织结构、磨损表面形貌、物相结构等。结果 选用互作用参数较低和离子势差较大的MoO3/BaO作为复配润滑剂制备的NiAl-MoO3/BaO复合涂层有效改善了NiAl涂层的高温摩擦学性能，特别是NiAl-30% MoO3/BaO(1∶1)的复合涂层在800 ℃具有较低的摩擦系数(0.15)和磨损率(9.31×10^–5mm³/(N.m))。结论 复合涂层在600 ℃以上具有良好的减摩性能，高温促进了磨损表面形成新的三元高温润滑相BaMoO4、NiMoO4，并与MoO3 和NiO起到协同润滑作用，显著提升了复合涂层的高温摩擦磨损性能，同时摩擦对偶表面形成的复合氧化物润滑转移膜，降低了涂层的磨损率。     

宽温域低摩擦涂层研究现状*

减摩耐磨涂层是高端装备中传动机构可靠运行的关键材料。在温度变化较大的工况条件下如何降低运动副的摩擦磨损, 一直制约着高端装备技术的发展,探究宽温域低摩擦涂层对高速发展的现代工业技术具有迫切需求。简述目前宽温域低摩擦涂层的研究现状,归纳和评述金属复合基涂层、氧化物基涂层和氮化物基涂层等三类宽温域低摩擦涂层的组成、结构、摩擦学性能以及减摩机理等,得到单一结构的固体润滑涂层很难实现发展的需求。提出制备多层涂层、预处理(织构化、预氧化等)等技术路线去实现运动副良好的摩擦学性能,解决常规固体润滑涂层温度敏感性问题,为宽温域低摩擦涂层的相关研究发展提供新思路。     

预沉积ZnO薄膜对ZnO−MoS2/ZnO复合涂层结构与性能影响

目的 通过优化原子层沉积工艺获取不同厚度ZnO薄膜,研究ZnO薄膜晶体取向对ZnO?MoS2涂层生长结构的影响,获得具有优异摩擦学性能的ZnO?MoS2/ZnO复合涂层。方法 采用原子层沉积法在不锈钢基体上预沉积不同厚度的ZnO薄膜,再用射频磁控溅射技术继续沉积ZnO?MoS2涂层,制备ZnO?MoS2/ZnO固体润滑复合涂层。结果 X射线衍射分析发现,预沉积ZnO薄膜有诱导后续ZnO?MoS2涂层沉积生长的作用,预沉积100 nm厚ZnO薄膜的ZnO?MoS2/ZnO复合涂层显示出宽化的MoS2 (002)馒头峰,其截面形貌显示为致密的体型结构,获得的摩擦因数最低(0.08),纳米硬度最高(2.33 GPa),硬度/模量比显示该复合涂层的耐磨损性能得到提升;X射线光电子能谱分析结果表明,复合涂层表面游离S与空气中水发生反应程度大约为原子数分数5%,显示复合涂层耐湿性能较好;基于原子层沉积ZnO薄膜生长及其对后续ZnO?MoS2涂层生长的影响分析,提出了ZnO?MoS2/ZnO复合涂层磨损模型,阐明了ZnO薄膜对复合涂层结构及摩擦学性能的影响,并以该模型解释了200 nm厚 ZnO薄膜上沉积ZnO?MoS2涂层出现的摩擦因数由高到低的变化趋势及最终磨损失效现象。结论 合适的原子层沉积制备的ZnO薄膜有利于MoS2 (002)取向生长,可有效提升ZnO?MoS2/ZnO复合涂层的摩擦学性能;控制ZnO薄膜厚度,可实现ZnO薄膜与基底及ZnO?MoS2层间界面之间的优化结合,以制得具有较好摩擦学性能及使用寿命的ZnO?MoS2/ZnO复合涂层。     

原位反应法制备CuO/PPS复合涂层及其表征

利用CuSO4与NaOH在PPS涂料中原位反应的方法掺杂CuO、通过浸涂制备了CuO/PPS复合涂层,利用XRD分析了原位反应的产物,热重分析仪测试了涂层的热性能,销盘式磨损实验机测试了涂层的摩擦学性能,采用SEM观察分析了磨损表面,并在此基础上探讨了磨损机理。结果表明:CuO/PPS复合涂层的表面平整光洁。原位反应的产物为CuO,复合涂层的热稳定性较纯PPS树脂有所提高,热分解温度提高到536℃;CuO的加入使PPS复合涂层摩擦学性能得到明显改善,添加1.5%CuO时,摩擦因数从0.44减小到0.26,相应的磨耗降低为原来的1/3。同时发现在相同实验条件下涂层的磨损机理随CuO添加量的增加,从粘附磨损依次向磨粒磨损和疲劳磨损过渡。     

等离子喷涂典型耐磨涂层材料体系与性能现状研究

等离子喷涂作为重要的热喷涂技术之一,在零件表面强化处理与再制造损伤修复领域具有广泛的应用.由于不同机械零部件工作环境(温度、转速、腐蚀环境、润滑状况等)、基体材质及运动形式等因素存在较大的差异,因而通常需根据其具体服役工况选择最优的表面强化涂层,以满足零件表面摩擦学性能需求,提升机械装备的综合服役性能.基于此,对国内外采用等离子喷涂技术所制备的典型耐磨涂层的材料体系及涂层性能进行了详细地综述,系统介绍了组织成分、物相结构、力学性能、服役工况等因素对典型涂层(包括金属基涂层、陶瓷基涂层及多相复合涂层等)摩擦学性能的影响机理.结果表明,涂层的摩擦学性能受到涂层自身特性相关的内因(包括孔隙率、力学性能、组织成分等)和服役工况相关的外因(包括载荷、频率、润滑状态、工作介质等)的影响;典型金属基耐磨涂层包括Fe基、Ni基和Mo基涂层等,通过表面处理、后处理和工艺优化等手段,可显著改善涂层的摩擦学性能;采取不同的喷涂方式因颗粒熔化程度差异,使陶瓷基涂层产生不同的磨损程度;针对纳米、微米结构的陶瓷基涂层进行对比分析,发现纳米涂层通过吸收应力而降低磨损;复合涂层通过添加润滑相能够降低其摩擦因数、减轻涂层磨损,其中相较于单一润滑相,多组润滑相能通过发挥协同润滑效果,使涂层在不同温度区间下保持良好的耐磨性.最后,对等离子喷涂涂层耐磨性能的提升和优化方向进行了展望.     

等离子喷涂制备石墨烯/Al2O3+13%TiO2自润滑涂层及其性能研究

目的研究石墨烯和石墨对大气等离子喷涂制备的Al2O3+13%TiO_2(AT-13)陶瓷涂层力学性能和摩擦学性能的影响,探究作用机理。方法采用大气等离子喷涂制备石墨烯质量分数为1%的石墨烯/AT-13和石墨/AT-13复合陶瓷涂层及纯AT-13涂层,利用洛氏硬度计测试涂层的硬度,并通过压痕周围情况反映涂层的断裂韧性,采用往复式摩擦磨损试验机进行摩擦学性能测试,利用扫描电子显微镜观察涂层的微观形貌,并用其自带的能谱仪(EDS)分析元素分布,采用表面轮廓仪测量磨损表面形貌并计算磨损率,用X射线衍射仪分析喷涂前后涂层的物相变化,用拉曼光谱仪对喷涂前后石墨烯的结构变化进行表征。结果石墨烯/AT-13涂层具有良好的力学性能和摩擦学性能,其硬度提升了约10%,同时断裂韧性显著提升,摩擦系数和磨损率最多下降了13%和19%,并且随着载荷的增大,摩擦系数和磨损率呈下降趋势。石墨/AT-13涂层的硬度增加了约30%,但是断裂韧性显著降低,摩擦学性能的提升比较有限。石墨烯和石墨的加入都会改变AT-13涂层的物相组成和微观结构,复合涂层中Al2O3相增多,Al2Ti O5相则相对减少,同时复合涂层拥有更加致密的微观结构。此外拉曼光谱显示,经历热喷涂后,涂层中能够观察到石墨烯特征峰的存在,但是其结构发生了一定程度的氧化破坏。结论石墨烯可以显著提升AT-13涂层的摩擦学性能和力学性能。     

微弧氧化一步法制备含二硫化钼复合涂层的研究

在Na_2SiO_3-KF基础电解液中加入Na_2MoO_4和Na_2S,采用微弧氧化工艺在铝合金表面制备了含二硫化钼润滑相的复合减磨涂层。采用X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜(SEM)分析了复合涂层的物相成分和微观形貌;采用球-盘摩擦磨损试验机评价了涂层的摩擦学性能。结果表明,复合涂层的表面更加光滑致密,孔径也更加细小;复合涂层的主要成分为Al_2O_3、SiO_2和MoS_2,润滑相二硫化钼的存在大大降低了涂层的摩擦系数,摩擦系数在0.15~0.2。     

电解液成分对等离子体电解氧化TC4合金腐蚀行为和摩擦学性能的影响（英文）

在TC4合金表面制备4种典型等离子体电解氧化(PEO)涂层,研究电解质组成对PEO涂层腐蚀行为和摩擦学性能的影响。结果表明,PEO涂层的腐蚀行为和摩擦学性能与电解质成分密切相关。在含NaH₂PO₂的电解液中制备的PEO涂层由于内氧化膜较致密而具有最好的耐蚀性能,而在含NaAlO₂的电解液中制备的PEO涂层由于含有Al₂O₃而具有最好的摩擦学性能。为制备具有良好耐蚀性和耐磨性的PEO涂层,以NaH₂PO₂和NaAlO₂为电解液主要成分制备了复合PEO涂层。     

La2O3改性Ti/MoS2镍基复合涂层微观组织和 摩擦学性能研究

目的 为提升Ni60A+Ti/MoS2复合涂层的力学性能和摩擦学性能。方法 利用激光熔覆技术在HT270灰铸铁表面制备了La2O3改性镍基自润滑复合涂层,通过硬度测试、摩擦磨损实验、XRD测试分析和扫描电镜分析,对比分析了La2O3添加量对复合涂层的微观组织、相组成、显微硬度和室温及200 ℃条件下摩擦学性能的影响。结果 La2O3改性后的涂层主要由CrNiFeC、NiTi、(Fe,Cr)7C3、Cr7C3、TiC、Ti2CS、MoS2相和La2O3组成。添加La2O3后可以明显细化晶粒,使组织更加均匀致密,提高了熔覆层显微硬度及耐磨性。当La2O3的添加量为1.0%时,涂层的硬度值最高达776HV0.2。La2O3改性后,涂层的摩擦学性能也得到了优化。室温时,1.0%La2O3涂层的磨损失重仅为1.8 mg,摩擦系数为0.48,与未添加La2O3的涂层相比,磨损失重降低了47.1%,摩擦系数也明显降低;200 ℃高温磨损时,1.0%La2O3涂层的磨损失重降低了41.3%,摩擦系数降低到0.50。结论 La2O3的加入可以有效提高涂层的减摩性和耐磨性等摩擦学性能,同时还能优化涂层的组织结构和硬度等力学性能。采用激光熔覆技术制备的La2O3改性镍基涂层,力学性能和摩擦学性能得到有效提高。     

含MoS2的超音速喷涂WC-10Co-4Cr复合涂层摩擦性能研究

利用超音速火焰喷涂方法,以WC-10Co-4Cr为基体,添加MoS2以制备WC- 10Co-4Cr/MoS2自润滑复合涂层;对比分析了添加不同含量MoS2涂层的微观组织结构和物相;重点进行了摩擦磨损试验,研究润滑相MoS2对超音速喷涂WC涂层摩擦学特性的影响机理.研究结果表明:引入的MoS2一少部分转化成新态,其余则进入WC涂层空隙中,在摩擦过程中形成润滑膜起到润滑作用,并有效地降低了摩擦因数,使摩擦磨损过程中温升降低,有效减少热损伤,提高了涂层的耐磨性能;WC-10Co-4Cr/MoS2复合涂层具有很好的自润滑性,w(MoS2)15％时WC-10Co-4Cr/MoS2复合涂层的摩擦磨损性能最佳.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.     

Structural Optimization of Electromagnetic Swirling Flow in Nozzle of Slab Continuous Casting

During the slab continuous casting process, the flow field of molten steel in the mold plays a decisive role in the quality of the slab. In this paper, electromagnetic swirling flow in nozzle technology is proposed to control the flow field in mold.This technology can drive molten steel to rotate inside the submerged entry nozzle by electromagnetic force, thereby controlling the flow field. This research shows that it can reduce the impact of molten steel on the bottom of nozzle and partly reduce the negative pressure at the upper part of nozzle outlet which is even eliminated by optimizing the structure and angle of nozzle. The area of heat flux of the mold wall becomes larger, and the crest value of heat flux gets lower than that without swirling in nozzle and any nozzle optimization. The meniscus fluctuates smoothly, and the flow velocity at the top surface is within a reasonable range. The temperature field distribution in the mold is uniform which was beneficial to the growth of equiaxed crystal and decreased element segregation.