ZL104铝硅合金的细化处理

本文研究了ＡＩ－５Ｔｉ－１Ｂ、ＡＩ－３Ｔｉ－３Ｂ、ＡＩ－Ｔｉ－Ｃ中间合金对亚共晶铝硅合金ＺＬ１０４的晶粒细化效果。结果表明：ＡＩ－３Ｔｉ－３Ｂ中间合金的细化作用明显优于ＡＩ－５Ｔｉ－Ｂ,而ＡＩ－Ｔｉ－Ｃ又优于前两者。ＡＩ－Ｔｉ－Ｃ中间合金含有大量细小的ＴｉＣ相,它具有优异的细化α－ＡＩ晶粒的性能,是α－ＡＩ有效的异质结晶核心。     

铸造Al—Si合金熔体处理——晶粒细化

对亚共晶Ａｌ－Ｓｉ铸造合金进行细化处理已成为一种基本操作,中间合金（Ａｌ－Ｔｉ,Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｂ和Ａｌ－Ｂ合金）在亚共晶Ａｌ－Ｓｉ铸造合金中与在工业纯铝和变形铝合金中的晶粒细化行为存在较大的差异,Ａｌ－３Ｔｉ－３Ｂ,Ａｌ－３Ｂ中间合金在Ａｌ－Ｓｉ铸造合金中表现出优异的晶粒细胞化效应,Ｓｉ与晶粒细化剂的交互作用在其中扮演着重要的角色,通过炉前对熔体进行快速热分析可愉对晶粒细化效果和变质程度进行评价和预     

铸造Al-Si合金熔体处理——晶粒细化

对亚共晶Ａｌ－Ｓｉ铸造合金进行细化处理已成为一种基本操作。中间合金（Ａｌ－Ｔｉ,Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｂ和Ａｌ－Ｂ合金）在亚共晶Ａｌ－Ｓｉ铸造合金中与在工业纯铝和变形铝合金中的晶粒细化行为存在较大的差异。Ａｌ－３Ｔｉ－３Ｂ,Ａｌ－３Ｂ中间合金在Ａｌ－Ｓｉ铸造合金中表现出优异的晶粒细化效应,Ｓｉ与晶粒细化剂的交互作用在其中扮演着重要的角色。通过炉前对熔体进行快速热分析可以对晶粒细化效果和变质程度进行评价和预测,继而控制熔体处理的质量。对于亚共晶Ａｌ－Ｓｉ铸造合金,归纳起来有四种晶粒细化机理：包晶反应理论、共晶反应理论、硼化物颗粒理论和超形核理论。仅对Ａｌ－Ｓｉ铸造合金细化处理的最新进展、Ｓｉ与晶粒细化剂的交互作用和晶粒细化机理进行综合评述     

AlTiC中间合地Al—Si合金的细化

在试验室制出ＡｌＴｉ５ＣＯ．３中间合金细化剂,该中间合金对纯铝有较好的细化作用。对Ａｌ－Ｓｉ合金进行细化时试验发现,较低的加入量对合金基本不起作用,当ｗ（Ｔｉ）达到０．１５％左右时,才能达到最佳细化效果,并且发生较早的细化衰退。Ｍｇ元素对其细化能力有促进作用。     

Al─Ti─C─B中间合金细化剂的研究

研究了新近开发的Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｃ－Ｂ中间合金细化剂，检查了其显微组织及细化工业纯铝及含Ｚｒ铝合金的性能，并与Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｂ中间合金细化剂进行了对比。结果表明：Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｃ－Ｂ中间合金细化剂含有Ａｌ３Ｔｉ、ＴｉＢ２和ＴｉＣ三种第二相，它们形成尺寸细小弥散分布的多相粒子团，其细化工业纯铝晶粒的能力明显优于Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｂ中间合金细化剂，并克服了Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｂ中间合金细化剂易被Ｚｒ原子毒化的弱点。分析认为，Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｃ－Ｂ中间合金优异的细化性能归功于多相粒子团表面凹陷处的物理化学作用     

Al—Ti—C—B中间合金细化剂的研究

研究了新近开发的Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｃ－Ｂ中间合金细化剂，检查了其显微组织及细化工业纯铝及含Ｚｒ铝合金的性能，并与Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｂ中间合金细化剂进行了对比。结果表明，Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｃ－Ｂ中间合金细化剂含有Ａｌ３Ｔｉ、ＴｉＢ２和ＴｉＣ三种第二相，经小弥散分布的多相粒子团，其细化工业纯铝晶粒的能力明显优于Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｂ中间合金细化剂，并克服了Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｂ中间合金细化易被Ｚｒ原子毒化的弱点，分析认为Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｂ     

亚共晶Al-Si合金的细化处理

比较了Ａｌ－３％Ｔｉ－３％Ｂ,Ａｌ－５％Ｔｉ－１％Ｂ中间合金对亚共晶Ａｌ－Ｓｉ合金的晶粒细化效果。结果表明,Ａｌ－３％Ｔｉ－３％Ｂ中间合金的细化作用明显优于Ａｌ－５％Ｔｉ－１％Ｂ。主要是Ａｌ－５％Ｔｉ－１％Ｂ中间合金加入熔体中,过量的Ｔｉ在ＴｉＢ２／熔体界面形成三元铝化物,通过包晶反应成为α－Ａｌ的异质晶核,但包晶反应温度的急剧下降是导致晶粒细化能力下降的直接原因;而Ａｌ－３％Ｔｉ－３％Ｂ中间合金加入熔体中,过量的Ｂ在ＴｉＢ２／熔体界面形成富Ｂ层,在冷却过程中,将发生共晶反应,生成大量的α－Ａｌ晶核,达到细化目的。     

硼对亚共晶Al—Si合金的细化作用

利用ＤＳＣ,ＳＥＭ 和Ｘ 射线衍射等手段, 分析了硼对纯铝及亚共晶ＡｌＳｉ 合金的细化作用。发现在纯铝中, ＡｌＢ２ 分布在铝的晶界上, 无细化作用; 而在ＡｌＳｉ 合金中, ＡｌＢ２ 具有细化α（Ａｌ） 晶粒的性能。分析认为, 在ＡｌＳｉ 加硼的熔体中, ＡｌＢ２ 虽不能作α（Ａｌ） 的核心, 但它为Ｓｉ 的析出提供形核衬底,随温度的下降, α（Ａｌ） 在Ｓｉ 相上形核, 达到细化的目的。     

铝钛硼合金中钛,硼的快速测定

试样用盐酸、硫酸、硝酸溶解,合金中ＴｉＡｌ３、ＴｉＢ２的钛转化为ＴｉＯ２＋,在Ｃ（Ｈ２ＳＯ４）＝２０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的硫酸介质中,ＴｉＯ２＋与过氧化氢形成黄色———橙色的〔ＴｉＯ（Ｈ２Ｏ２）〕２＋络合物,最大吸收波长为４１０ｎｍ,Ｔｉ质量浓度为０～５０ｍｇ／Ｌ时,工作曲线符合比尔定律。合金中硼及微量铁不干扰测定结果。试样用氢氟酸溶解,合金中ＴｉＢ２的硼转化为ＢＦ－４,在ｐＨ５～６之间,用ＢＦ－４离子选择电极工作曲线法测定试样中硼量。ＢＦ－４电极对溶液中１×１０－４～１×１０－２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＢＦ－４有能斯特响应。合金中铝、钛、硅、铁及试液中过量Ｆ－和过氧化氢不影响测定结果     

亚共晶铝硅合金成分偏析的遗传现象

本文通过现调查亚共晶铝硅合金在熔化过程中Ｓｉ、Ｔｉ含量的变化，研究和分析了合金成分偏析产生的原因及其遗传过程，结果表明，合金锭成分偏析产生的原因主要是Ａｌ－Ｔｉ中间合金对亚共晶铝硅合金没有明显的细化作用，这种成分偏析现象存在于整个熔化过程并遗传到最终铸件；塔式熔铝难以消除这种遗传现象，要消除这种遗传现象，合金锭不仅要成分合格，而且要有贩组织和成分。     

Al—Ti—B晶粒细化合金中的有效形核相

研究了ＡｌＴｉＢ晶粒细化合金中各化合物相ＴｉＡｌ３、ＴｉＢ２和ＡｌＢ２对铝晶粒的细化作用。结果表明，ＴｉＡｌ３相是有效形核相，ＴｉＢ２和ＡｌＢ２相不能单独作为形核相，Ｂ对ＡｌＴｉＢ的细化作用有显著影响，但Ｂ及硼化物不能单独影响细化过程，而是富集在ＴｉＡｌ３相中对细化过程产生重要影响。     

Grain refining action of Ti existing in electrolytic low-titanium aluminum with Al-4B addition for superheated Al melt

The effects of superheating temperature on the grain refining efficiency of Ti existing in electrolytic low-titanium aluminum (ELTA) without and with the Al-4B addition and the Al-5Ti-1B master alloy in pure Al were comparatively investigated. The results show that the Ti existing in ELTA without Al-4B addition exhibits a certain grain refining efficiency when the melt superheating temperature is lower, but the efficiency decreases rapidly when the superheating temperature is higher. The grain refining efficiency of the Al-5Ti-1B master alloy is better than that of the Ti existing in ELTA without Al-4B addition at any superheating temperature, but it also decreases obviously with the increase of the superheating temperature. One important reason is that the TiB2 particles coming from the Al-5Ti-1B master alloy can settle down at the bottom of the Al melt easily when the superheating temperature is increased, thus decrease the number of the potent heterogeneous nuclei retained in the Al melt. If the Al-4B master alloy is added to the ELTA melt, the grain refining efficiency of the Ti existing in ELTA can be improved significantly, and does not decrease with the increase of the superheating temperature. This perhaps provides us a possible method to suppress the effect of the superheated melt on the microstructures of aluminum..     

Grain refinement of Al-3.5FeNb-1.5C master alloy on pure Al and Al-9.8Si-3.4Cu alloy

The refinement potential of Al-3.5 Fe Nb-1.5 C master alloy on pure aluminium and Al-9.8 Si-3.4 Cu alloy has been investigated. Different amounts of Al-3.5 Fe Nb-1.5 C master alloy were added to estimate the optimal addition level. It was found that the addition of Al-3.5 Fe Nb-1.5 C grain refiner can promote significantly the refinement of grains in the pure aluminium, particularly at 0.1 wt.%, with the mean primary aluminium α-grain size reducing to 187±3 μm from about 1-3 mm. Similarly, the microstructural study of the Al-9.8 Si-3.4 Cu alloy die casting at different weight percentages(viz. 0.0 wt.%, 0.1 wt.% and 1.0 wt.%) of Al-3.5 Fe Nb-1.5 C master alloy shows that the Al-3.5 Fe Nb-1.5 C master alloy as a grain refiner is also acceptable for Al-Si cast alloys when the silicon content is more than 4 wt.%. As a result of inoculation with Al-3.5 Fe Nb-1.5 C master alloy, the average grain size of α-Al is reduced to 22±3 μm from about 71±3 μm and grain refining efficiency is not characterized by any visible poisoning effect, which is the major limitation in the grain refinement of Al-Si cast alloys by applying Al-Ti-B ternary master alloys. Mechanical properties such as ultimate tensile strength and yield strength are significantly improved by 9.6% and 9.7%, respectively.     

原位合成TiB2和Al3Ti对ZL201的晶粒细化效果

以工业纯铝、氟钛酸钾和氟硼酸钾为原料 ,通过原位反应合成的 Al-5Ti-B中间合金中 ,Ti B2 和 Al3Ti颗粒细小且弥散分布 ,对铝及 Al-Cu系合金有显著的晶粒细化效果 ,并且能大幅度提高 ZL 2 0 1合金的力学性能     

不同加钛方法对6063合金细化的研究

加钛方式不同，钛含量不同，对铝及其合金的晶粒细化效果不同。对比研究了用电解低钛铝合金、加Al—5Ti中间合金、Al—5Ti—1B中间合金及电解低钛铝合金加Al—B中间合金4种加钛方式及不同钛含量对6063合金的晶粒细化效果。研究结果表明：不同的加钛方式对6063合金均有明显的细化效果，随着钛含量增加，晶粒逐渐变细；钛含量相同时，电解加钛的细化效果优于Al—5Ti中间合金的细化效果；当合金中含有硼时，钛含量相同时，电解加钛加Al—B中间合金的细化效果优于加Al—5Ti—1B的细化效果。     

A novel Al–Ti–B alloy for grain refining Al–Si foundry alloys

Al–Ti–B refiners with excess-Ti (Ti:B > 2.2) perform adequately for wrought aluminium alloys but they are not as efficient in the case of foundry alloys. Silicon, which is abundant in the latter, forms silicides with Ti and severely impairs the potency of TiB₂ and Al₃Ti particles. Hence, Al–Ti–B alloys with excess-B (Ti:B < 2.2) and binary Al–B alloys are favored to grain refine hypoeutectic Al–Si alloys. These grain refiners rely on the insoluble (Al,Ti)B₂ or AlB₂ particles for grain refinement, and thus do not enjoy the growth restriction provided by solute Ti. It would be very attractive to produce excess-B Al–Ti–B alloys which additionally contain Al₃Ti particles to maximize their grain refining efficiency for aluminium foundry alloys. A powder metallurgy process was employed to produce an experimental Al–3Ti–3B grain refiner which contains both the insoluble AlB₂ and the soluble Al₃Ti particles. Inoculation of a hypoeutectic Al–Si foundry alloy with this grain refiner has produced a fine equiaxed grain structure across the entire section of the test sample which was more or less retained for holding times up to 15 min.     

细化变质对亚共晶Al-Si合金熔体结构的影响

在分析二元亚共晶Al-Si合金熔体结构,以及Al、Si、Ti、Sr等主要组元物性特点的基础上,利用电子理论论述了细化和变质对亚共晶Al-Si合金熔体结构的影响。细化和变质过程可归结为活性元素Ti、Sr分别与熔剂Al原子和溶质Si原子之间的电子交换,从不同角度提高了熔体结构的均匀性,不仅改善合金熔体结构,而且相互抑制衰退。     

Production of Al–Ti–B master alloys from Ti sponge and KBF4

It is of great interest to replace the K₂TiF₆ salt so as to reduce the volume of fluoride-bearing particulate material to be added to the aluminium melt in the popular “halide salt” process. Ti sponge was used in the present work as the source of Ti in the production of an Al–5Ti–1B grain refiner. Addition of Ti granules into molten aluminium, either premixed with or before KBF₄ salt, has produced Al–5Ti–1B alloys where the boride particles were relatively few and predominantly of the AlB₂ type. The grain refining efficiency of these alloys were far from satisfactory. TiB₂ was the dominant boride phase with sufficient number of blocky aluminide particles when Ti, in excess of the TiB₂ stoichiometry was supplied before hand and the balance was reserved for co-addition with KBF₄. Al₃Ti particles were generated soon after the Ti solubility limit was exceeded in the first step while the boride particles were subsequently produced by the reaction between molten aluminium, KBF₄ and K₂TiF₆. The Al–5Ti–1B master alloy thus produced provided an adequate grain refining performance while the amount of particulate material to be added to the aluminium melt was reduced by nearly 30%.     

Al—Ti—C中间合金的相组成及其细化特性

用专利方法制备出各种成分的Al-Ti-C中间合金作为铝及铝合金的晶粒细化剂。对该系列中间合金的组织和物相分析表明：在制备中间合金过程中,C与Ti反应充分,生成TiC和TiAl3两种管二相,且TiAl3析出量取决于中间合金的Ti含量和Ti/C含量比。用于纯铝的晶粒细化试验表明：与Al-Ti-C中间合金相比,Al-Ti-C中间合金的晶粒细化效率更高;Al-Ti-C中间合金只有在组织中TiC与TiAl3保持适当比例时,才能对纯铝产生良好的晶粒细化效果,不含TiAl3的Al-Ti-C中间合金的晶粒细化作用很微弱;用Al-Ti-C中间合金细化纯铝晶粒时,响应时间短,但衰退较快,且不能通过熔体搅拌法予以消除。分析和探讨了Al-Ti-C中间合金的晶粒细化机理,认为“碳化物理论” 不能充分解释Al-Ti-C的晶粒细化机理,提出“Ti在TiC或TiAl3颗粒表面富集引发包晶反应”的晶粒细化机制。