热挤压变形对亚微米Al2O3p/Al复合材料组织性能的影响

利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜和万能拉伸试验机等手段考察了粒度为0.3μm的Al2O3颗粒(体积分数为26%)增强6061Al复合材料在热挤压前后的显微组织及室温拉伸性能。结果表明:以10∶1的挤压比热挤压后复合材料组织的均匀性得到了明显改善,显微组织变化上呈现位错由压铸态的近无位错转变为位错有明显增殖特征,并促进了时效析出;复合材料挤压材的抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率较压铸材普遍提高;热挤压没有改变复合材料的断裂机制,由于挤压后颗粒分布均匀等原因,使复合材料的塑性得到改善。     

热挤压变形对Al-Si复合材料组织性能的影响

利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜和万能拉伸试验机考察了用压力熔渗法制备的粒度为50~80μm的Si颗粒增强Al-Si复合材料和将其进行热挤压后的显微组织及室温拉伸性能。结果表明:以17.3∶1.0的挤压比热挤压后复合材料组织的均匀性得到了明显改善;复合材料挤压材的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率较压渗材普遍提高;热挤压没有改变复合材料的断裂机制,由于挤压后颗粒分布均匀等原因,使复合材料的塑性得到改善。     

热挤压原位合成TiB_2/6351Al复合材料的组织性能

利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜和万能拉伸试验机等测试手段,研究了原位合成TiB2(wt,8%)/6351Al复合材料在热挤压前后的显微组织及室温拉伸性能。结果表明,热挤压变形有助于增强颗粒在基体合金中均匀分布,热挤压后TiB2颗粒与基体界面结合良好,未发现界面处开裂;热挤压变形时TiB2颗粒周围的基体合金中形成复杂的位错;基体合金发生再结晶和回复形成完整的等轴晶和亚结构,显微组织得到细化,基体合金再结晶的主要形核方式为增强体颗粒引起位错塞积区形核,亚晶吞并长大形核及应变诱发晶界迁移形核。热挤压复合材料基体合金具有较强的[111]织构。与铸态相比,热挤压后复合材料的屈服强度Rp0.2、抗拉强度Rm、伸长率A及布氏硬度显著提高。复合材料断口特征由热挤压前的韧性和沿晶的混合断裂,转变为以韧性断裂为主。     

热挤压对内氧化法制备Cu-Al2O3组织性能的影响

采用一种新型简化内氧化工艺结合热挤压工艺,制备了Cu-Al2O3复合材料.对热挤压后复合材料的微观组织和硬度、抗拉强度和电导率进行了研究.结果表明,热挤压明显细化了复合材料的组织,提高了组织均匀性,减少了孔隙等粉末烧结缺陷,得到了较为致密的Cu-Al2O3复合材料;密度达到8.82 g·cm-3;热挤压后其硬度、抗拉强度和电导率显著提高,分别达到HV111、242 MPa、40.6 MS/m.拉伸断口分析表明,烧结态和挤压态断口均为韧窝聚集型断裂,热挤压改善了烧结态的韧性.     

钛合金颗粒增强镁基复合材料的制备与性能

采用粉末冶金法制备了20％Ti-6Al-4V颗粒增强MB15镁基复合材料的试样。按照阿基米得法检测了不同状态试样的密度，借助光镜和扫描电镜探索了挤压棒变形和组织的特点，并结合室温拉伸试验研究了热挤压变形对试样组织及力学性能的影响规律。结果表明：烧结态的密度较低，而热挤后的密度已接近理论值：挤压棒的变形和组织都不均匀：二次挤压可以进一步细化晶粒、提高复合材料的力学性能；Ti-6Al-4V颗粒可以用来强化镁合金，且其增强效果明显好于SiC陶瓷颗粒。     

热挤压变形对搅拌铸造SiCp/2024复合材料显微组织与力学性能的影响

利用搅拌铸造?热挤压工艺制备SiCp/2024复合材料板材。通过金相观察(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)及力学性能测试等手段研究了该复合材料热挤压变形前后的显微组织与力学性能。结果表明,复合材料铸坯主要由大小为80μm~100μm的等轴晶组成,晶界第二相粗大呈非连续状分布,SiC颗粒较均匀地分布于基体合金,大部分SiC颗粒沿晶界分布,少数颗粒分布于晶内;热挤压变形后,显微孔洞等铸造缺陷和SiC颗粒团聚现象明显消除,SiC颗粒及破碎的第二相沿热挤压方向呈流线分布,复合材料的强度和塑性显著提高;拉伸断口表明,热挤压变形有利于改善SiC颗粒与基体合金的界面结合;SiCp/2024复合材料主要的断裂方式为SiC颗粒断裂和SiC/Al的界面脱粘。     

n-SiCp/MB2复合材料组织与力学性能

采用纳米级颗粒增强的镁基复合材料可望比微米级复合材料具有更好的力学性能.采用纳米N-SiCp作为增强体,复合粉体经机械合金化、真空热压和热挤压得到了致密的n-SiCp/MB2镁基复合材料.进行了热挤压态组织观察,测试了挤压态复合材料的气孔率、硬度、常温和高温力学性能.结果表明:制备的n-SiCp/MB2复合材料致密且SiCp分布均匀,增强体/基体界面结合良好,基体中无明显的位错,基体晶粒尺寸小于300 nm;复合材料的硬度、常温和高温力学性能比基体合金的高,但塑性下降;复合材料拉伸断口存在韧窝,高温拉伸断口上的韧窝更深.     

Al2O3p/Al复合材料中颗粒粒径与形态对组织和性能的影响

选用 5 .0和 0 .15 μm两种粒径的Al2 O3 颗粒 ,制备了Al2 O3 体积分数为 40 %的铝基复合材料。利用透射电镜对两种复合材料拉伸前后的组织进行观察 ,结果表明 :5 μm尖角形Al2 O3 颗粒增强复合材料的铸态组织中存在高密度的位错 ,这主要是由于热错配应力引起的 ;0 .15 μm椭球形Al2 O3 颗粒增强复合材料的铸态组织中几乎观察不到位错 ,这与颗粒细小且为等轴状、分布弥散、界面附近应力分布均匀等因素有关。对拉伸断口附近显微组织的观察表明 ,前者基体中位错进一步增殖 ,后者则存在明显的位错环。室温拉伸结果表明亚微米Al2 O3p/Al复合材料中的这种微观组织有利于材料强度和塑性的提高     

热挤压变形改善Cu/FeS复合材料的性能

利用金相显微镜,透射电镜和硬度实验等手段考察了不同Fes含量Cu/Fes复合材料挤压前后的显微组织和性能变化.结果表明:经过热挤压后的复合材料组织均匀性得到了极大的改善,纵截面出现了纤维状排列的组织,材料的致密度和硬度得到改善,电导率有所降低,并分析了其原因.     

喷射沉积7090/SiCp复合材料SiC颗粒分布均匀性研究

制备了喷射共沉积及粉末冶金SiCp/7090Al复合材料,以不同的挤压比进行热挤压成形,研究了两种复合材料中SiC增强颗粒的分布特点。实验结果表明,沉积坯经过热挤压后,沿挤压方向SiC颗粒存在明显的带状分布特征,在横截面上具有同心圆环组织。而粉末冶金坯料经过热挤压后则避免了这一现象的产生,合理的热挤压工艺可以显著改善粉末冶金复合材料中的SiC增强颗粒的形貌,细化SiC增强颗粒的粒度。增强颗粒细化后得到的细小等轴颗粒更易随着基体的塑性流动而呈弥散均匀分布,改善或消除微区域内增强体颗粒的偏聚,减弱了偏聚的程度。室温力学性能测试结果表明,随着挤压比的增加,挤压态粉末冶金复合材料的抗拉强度由挤压比为11时的362.84MPa,增大到挤压比为25时的425.27MPa。     

Structural, mechanical and corrosion properties of TiOxNy/ZrOxNy multilayer coatings

Results on the deposition and characterization of TiO_xN_y/ZrO_xN_y multilayers, with bilayer periods of 20 and 400 nm, are presented. The coatings were deposited on TiNiNb alloy substrates by the pulsed magnetron sputtering method. The elemental composition, hardness, adhesion and corrosion resistance of the coatings were analyzed.As resulted from the XPS analysis, the individual layers consisted of a mixture of titanium or zirconium oxynitrides and corresponding oxides. X-ray analysis revealed that the coatings were amorphous. Only slight differences between the microhardness and adhesion values of the coatings with small and large bilayer period Λ were found. The experiments also showed that the multilayered coatings improved the corrosion resistance of the uncoated alloy and reduced the amount of ion release in artificial body fluids.     

MOCVD growth and characterizations of BxAl1−xAs and BxAl1−x−yInyAs alloys

Zinc-blende B_xAl_1−xAs and B_xAl_1−x−yIn_yAs alloys have been grown on exactly oriented (0 0 1)GaAs substrates by low pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (LP-MOCVD). The influence of susceptor coating, growth temperature and gas-phase boron mole fraction on boron incorporation into AlAs has been comprehensively investigated. It has been found that boron incorporation into AlAs could be enhanced and the optimal growth temperature range of B_xAl_1−xAs alloys changed from 580 °C to 610 °C when SiC-coated graphite susceptors were replaced by the non-coated ones. In this study, the maximum boron composition x of 2.8% was achieved for the pseudomorphically strained B_xAl_1−xAs alloys. AFM measurements show that RMS roughness of B_xAl_1−xAs alloys increased sharply with the increase of gas-phase boron mole fraction. Raman spectra of B_xAl_1−xAs alloys show a linear increase of the BAs shift with boron composition x. Based on BAlAs deposition, bulk B_xAl_1−x−yIn_yAs (x = 1.9%) quaternary alloy was grown lattice-matched to GaAs successfully. Moreover, 10-period BAlAs/GaAs and BAlInAs/GaAs MQW heterostructures were also demonstrated.     

Hydrothermal synthesis of superconductors Ba1−xKxBiO3 and double perovskites Ba1−xKxBi1−yNayO3

Superconductors Ba_1−xK_xBiO₃ and body-centered double perovskites Ba_1−xK_xBi_1−yNa_yO₃ have been selectively synthesized by a facile hydrothermal route. The appropriate ratio and adding sequence of initial reagents, alkalinity, reaction temperature and time are the critical factors that influence the crystal growth of the compounds. The purity and homogeneity of the crystals were detected by the ICP, SEM, EDX and TEM studies. Magnetic measurements show that the superconducting transition temperatures T_C of Ba_1−xK_xBiO₃ decrease from 22 K (for x = 0.35) to 8 K (for x = 0.55) with increasing the K doping level.     

High strength and good ductility of casting Al-Cu alloy modified by PrxOy and LaxOy

A modified Al-Cu alloy with high tensile strength and ductility of about 574.0 MPa and 10.4%, respectively, was obtained by adding multiple rare earth oxides (Pr_xO_y and La_xO_y) as modifier. Compared with the unmodified Al-Cu alloy, the tensile strength and ductility of the modified sample were increased by 24.3% and 42.5%, respectively. The improvement both in the strength and ductility may attribute to the finer crystal grains and dendrites, more homogeneously distributed θ′ phase precipitates and the intermetallic compounds formed at the crystal grain boundaries as well as in the space of the dendrites.     

Ti/Mn(0.8-x)SnxIr0.2O2电极的电容性能研究

采用热分解法制备了Ti/Mn_(0.8-x)SnxIr_0.2O_2三元氧化物电极材料。通过扫描电子显微镜,X射线衍射、循环伏安和交流阻抗谱等分析了Ti/Mn_(0.8-x)Sn_xIr_0.2O_2电极材料的组织结构和电容性能。结果表明:随SnO_2含量增加,氧化物涂层中正方结构Mn_3O_4相逐渐减少,正方结构SnO_2相逐渐增加。与锰铱二元氧化物相比,SnO_2的加入可明显改善电极材料在0~0.5 V区间的电流响应,并促进氧化锰活性的发挥,但在一定程度上也抑制了氧化铱的活性。SnO_2的加入也改变了电极材料的电荷转移电阻、弛豫时间常数、以及不同频率下的电容响应速度。相比其它电极材料,Ti/Ir_0.2Mn_0.6Sn_0.2O_2电极材料在低频范围(≤1 Hz)有更好的电容响应和更高的活性,因而获得最高的比电容值。     

铸造CAD／CAE／ES／PDM／ERP一体化及集成技术研究

详细阐述了支持铸造工艺设计、工艺优化、工艺信息管理、企业管理的系统研究与应用特点,在此基础上提出了基于PDM平台的铸造CAD／CAE／ES／PDM／ERP一体化框架体系,在华铸实验室现有软件体系（华铸CAE／CAD／PDM／ERP）及应用的基础上,设计与实现了一体化系统关键点及其集成技术。最后,以若干实际案例来证明本研究一体化系统的实用性。     

Magnetic phase diagrams of the TbRh2−xPdxPdxSi2 and TbRu2−xPdxSi2 systems

The a.c. susceptibility and high field magnetization on TbRh_2−xPd_xPd_xSi₂ and TbRu_2−xPd_xSi₂ compounds were investigated up to 140 kOe. The (T,x) magnetic phase diagrams were determined. For both systems, an increase in the Pd content causes a decrease in the Néel temperature and changes the magnetization curves.     

生物医用NiTi形状记忆合金腐蚀研究进展

镍钛形状记忆合金(NiTi-SMA)具有较好的耐腐蚀和机械性能,在口腔和临床医学中有着大量而广泛的应用。NiTi-SMA腐蚀后释放Ni²⁺会引发细胞毒性和过敏反应,进一步提高NiTi-SMA的耐蚀性是目前生物医学材料领域发展的核心之一。本文对近年来国内外有关口腔医学和临床医学中常用NiTi-SMA的腐蚀研究现状进行了总结,同时也对NiTi-SMA增材制造及表面改性技术进行了评述,以期为开发高性能抗腐蚀生物医用NiTi-SMA提供一定的指导意义。     

Li掺杂Ba(Ti1/7Sn1/7Zr1/7Hf1/7Nb1/7Ga1/7Li(1/7-x))O3高熵陶瓷的制备及介电性能研究

近年来,在高熵合金基础上发展起来的高熵陶瓷逐渐引起了研究者的广泛关注,其出现为开发高性能的无机非金属材料提供了新的设计思路。本文采用固相法制备了BaMO3基钙钛矿型高熵陶瓷Ba(Ti1/7Sn1/7Zr1/7Hf1/7Nb1/7Ga1/7Li(1/7-x))O3 (x = 0, 2.3%, 5.3%, 8.3%, 11.3%),并研究了Li含量对高熵陶瓷物相结构、微观形貌及介电性能的影响。结果表明,Li含量对陶瓷结构的影响不大,陶瓷均保持立方钙钛矿结构,且无杂相产生;陶瓷的晶粒尺寸相对较均匀。当x = 0时,即B位七元等摩尔比Ba(Ti1/7Sn1/7Zr1/7Hf1/7Nb1/7Ga1/7Li1/7)O3高熵陶瓷,其介电常数达到了最大值2920 (@100 Hz),相较于已报道的不掺Li的六元高熵钙钛矿陶瓷Ba(Ti1/6Sn1/6Zr1/6Hf1/6Nb1/6Ga1/6)O3提升了近50倍。     

Thermoelectric properties of Sn1−x−yTiySbxO2 ceramics

Thermoelectric properties of Sn_1−x−yTi_y Sb_xO₂ ceramics were investigated in detail. The addition of Sb into SnO₂ matrix increased the electric conductivity, σ. The increase in the σ value should be caused by the increase in the carrier concentration. The Seebeck coefficients of all the samples were negative, which means that these samples have n-type conduction. The samples of this study have porous structure. The maximum Z value of all the samples measured in this study was 2.4 × 10⁻⁵ K⁻¹.