120°模具室温8道次ECAP变形TA1纯钛的组织与性能

采用两通道夹角Φ=120°,外圆角ψ=20°的模具,在道次间未退火的条件下实现TA1纯钛BC方式8道次室温ECAP(Equal Channel Angular Pressing)变形,制备表面光滑无裂纹的变形试样。研究纯钛室温ECAP变形组织结构的演变和特征,测定变形试样的力学性能。结果表明：随着室温ECAP变形道次的增加,原始粗大的α相等轴晶由最初几道次形成的板条和孪晶经过自身和相互交割形成亚晶,以及剧烈变形形成的位错胞状结构,通过位错的相互作用和重组逐渐演变成大角度晶界的超细晶等轴组织。获得平均晶粒尺寸约200 nm的TA1纯钛试样,其屈服强度和抗拉强度分别由275和407 MPa提高到710和791 MPa,并保持较高的塑性,延伸率为19.0%     

ECAP制备超细晶钛的力学性能研究

采用等径弯曲通道变形成功实现工业纯钛室温8道次变形.ECAP变形后,工业纯钛晶粒明显细化,力学性能显著提高,抗拉强度从407MPa提高到791MPa,并保持良好塑性,硬度最终达到2641 MPa,成为高性能超细晶纯钛.     

工业纯钛ECAP温变形的组织研究

采用两通道夹角为90°,外圆角为20°的模具,实现了工业纯钛BC方式6道次的ECAP温变形,累积等效真应变达到6.3,并观察分析了变形试样的显微组织.结果表明:工业纯钛经BC方式6道次ECAP温变形后,获得了晶粒尺寸为150 rm的具有大角度晶界的超细晶组织;工业纯钛在ECAP温变形过程中,随变形道次的增加,通过位错滑移产生的板条和不稳定的孪晶组织相互作用,大量的位错聚积成位错胞并生成亚晶;在变形温度的影响下,位错相互作用,使亚晶逐渐演变成具有大角度晶界的超细晶组织.     

原始晶粒尺寸对ECAP变形纯钛组织性能的影响

室温下,对923 及1023 K退火1 h所得的不同原始晶粒尺寸的工业纯钛进行ECAP变形。通过TEM、EBSD、室温拉伸和显微硬度测试研究原始晶粒尺寸对ECAP变形纯钛组织性能的影响。探讨纯钛ECAP变形孪生行为和变形机制。结果表明,退火温度越高,原始晶粒尺寸越大。1道次变形后,1023 K退火纯钛的晶粒细化效果更显著。4道次变形后,923 K退火纯钛的组织更细小均匀。随着变形道次的增加,屈服强度不断增大,1道次变形后增幅最大,约为100%,且原始晶粒尺寸越大,强度增幅越大。纯钛ECAP变形机制包括位错滑移和孪生,原始晶粒尺寸越大,孪晶数量越多。     

室温ECAP工业纯钛组织热稳定性研究

采用两通道夹角Φ=120°,外圆角Ψ=20°的模具在室温不采用中间退火条件下成功实现工业纯钛(TA1)高达8道次等径弯曲通道变形,制备出超细晶工业纯钛。研究了室温ECAP工业纯钛的组织热稳定性能。结果表明,ECAP变形后的工业纯钛组织在400℃以下保持较高的硬度,热稳定性较好,而在400℃以上,发生了再结晶,硬度急剧下降,热稳定性变差。     

工业纯钛室温一道次ECAP加工后的组织和硬度

室温下,分别采用90°模具和120°模具对工业纯钛(CP-Ti)进行一道次等径弯曲通道变形(Equal ChannelAngular Pressing,简称ECAP),研究了其组织和硬度的变化情况.结果表明,工业纯钛经一道次ECAP变形后都形成板条状组织,硬度显著提高.90°模具挤压后试样上、下表面的硬度值稍低于试样中间的硬度值,而120°模具挤压后试样表面硬度分布较均匀.     

室温ECAP变形工业纯钛的微观组织研究

在室温下采用等径弯曲通道变形技术(ECAP)对工业纯钛进行2道次(φ=90°)和8道次(φ=120°)挤压变形.利用光学显微镜(OM)和透射电镜(TEM)分析变形前及不同道次后工业纯钛的组织形貌特征.结果表明:ECAP变形1道次后,原始晶粒在剪切力的作用下沿变形方向拉长成板条状;随着变形道次增加,晶粒进一步细化,且出现晶粒从大板条向小板条及等轴晶转化的趋势.     

变形方式对工业纯钛室温ECAP组织及性能影响

采用2通道夹角Φ=120°,外圆角ψ=20°的模具,在室温分别采用A方式(相邻道次间试样不旋转)、B方式(相邻道次间,沿试样长度方向旋转90°进入下一道次)及C方式(相邻道次间,沿试样长度方向旋转180°进入下一道次)成功实现工业纯钛2道次等径弯曲通道变形(ECAP),观测分析试样显微组织和力学性能.结果表明:在室温下按不同变形方式进行ECAP变形2道次后,工业纯钛的强化效果基本相同.第1道次所形成的变形组织在第2道次变形时的变形机制及变形组织的演变规律因采取的变形方式而不同,从而使得形成的组织形貌不同,B、C方式皆可形成等轴胞状组织.     

纯钛室温ECAP和旋锻复合变形过程中的织构演变

采用等径弯曲通道挤压(ECAP)和旋锻(RS)复合工艺在室温下对纯钛进行大塑性变形,利用X射线衍射技术分析了纯钛室温ECAP和ECAP+RS复合变形过程中的织构演变规律.结果表明,随着室温ECAP变形道次的增加,原始基面织构逐渐向锥面织构和柱面织构转变,且织构强度减弱.室温ECAP变形过程中晶粒取向的变化主要以晶向绕T...     

工业纯钛ECAP温变形的力学性能及热稳定性

采用两通道夹角φ=90°,外圆角ψ=20°的模具,成功实现了工业纯钛BC方式6道次ECAP温变形,累积等效真应变达到约6.3,制得ECAP温变形试样后,对各道次ECAP温变形后的工业纯钛进行压下量为55％的冷轧变形.同时,观察分析了变形试样的显微组织及性能,并对各道次ECAP温变形试样的热稳定性进行研究.结果表明,经过6道次ECAP变形后,工业纯钛的抗拉强度达到760MPa,伸长率为40％.当退火温度低于400℃时,ECAP变形试样的组织变化不大,显微硬度下降缓慢;当退火温度高于400℃时,由于发生了再结晶,显微硬度显著下降.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of fine grained uranium prepared by ECAP and subsequent intermediate heat treatment

The microstructure and mechanical properties of fine grained uranium prepared by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) and subsequent intermediate heat treatment were investigated systematically by the confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB). The results show that the initial coarse grained uranium was refined from about 1000 to 6.5 μm prepared by ECAP at 3 passes and subsequent heat treatment, and the corresponding dynamic yield strength increased from 135 to 390 MPa. For the ECAPed uranium samples, the relationship between grain size and yield strength could be described by classical Hall–Petch relationship, and the fitting Hall–Petch relationship for the fine grained uranium samples prepared by ECAP was drawn.     

等通道转角挤压变形Mg-1.5Mn-0.3Ce镁合金的组织、织构与力学性能

采用等通道转角挤压(ECAP)工艺以Bc路径在623K温度下对Mg-1.5Mn-0.3Ce镁合金进行变形,观察显微组织与织构,测试了力学性能。显微组织分析表明,镁合金经ECAP变形晶粒尺寸明显得到细化,经6道次ECAP变形后晶粒尺寸由原轧制态的约26.1μm细化至约1.2μm,且细小的第二相粒子Mg12Ce弥散分布于晶内及晶界处;同时经ECAP变形后,原始轧制织构随变形道次的增加不断减小,并开始转变为ECAP织构,织构强度不断增强;力学性能结果表明,由于晶粒细化作用大于织构软化作用,前3道次ECAP变形镁合金强度随道次的增加不断提高,与Hall?Petch关系相符,在第3道次时其抗拉强度和屈服强度达到最大值,分别为272.2和263.7MPa;在4道次之后形成较强的非基面织构,镁合金强度下降,与Hall?Petch呈相悖关系。断口分析表明,轧制态与ECAP变形镁合金的断裂方式都是沿晶断裂,由于6道次变形镁合金晶粒细化,存在更多的韧窝并获得16.8%最大室温伸长率。     

Effects of die angle on microstructures and mechanical properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy processed by equal channel angular pressing

1　INTRODUCTIONMagnesiumalloysarethelightestmetallicstruc turalmaterialsandhencetheyprovidegreatpotentialintheweightsavingofautomotiveandaerospacecomponents ,materialhandlingequipment ,portabletoolsandevensportinggoods[1,2 ] .Duetotheirhexago nalclose packed (HCP)crystalstructure ,magnesiumalloysperform poorformabilityandlimitedductilityatroomtemperature ,thustheirproductsaremainlyfabricatedbycasting ,inparticular ,die casting ,andtheapplicationsofwroughtmagnesiumalloysarelim ited .Nowit…     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of ultrafine grained Mg97Y2Zn1 alloy processed by equal channel angular pressing

The Mg₉₇Y₂Zn₁ alloy processed by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) has been investigated. It was found that the blocks of secondary phase were broken into uniform distributed sections after ECAP. The Mg₉₇Y₂Zn₁ alloy processed by ECAP obtained ultrafine grains and exhibits excellent mechanical properties. The average grain size of about 330 nm, yield strength (YS) of 400.3 MPa and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 450.0 MPa were obtained by two-step ECAP of 4 passes at 623 K and 2 passes at 603 K. The long-period stacking (LPS) structures contribute to the formation of ultrafine grains in ECAP processed Mg₉₇Y₂Zn₁ alloy. The results demonstrate that ECAP instead of rapid solidified powder metallurgy (RS/PM) can refine grain size and enhance the strength of Mg₉₇Y₂Zn₁ alloy. It was also found that the elongation of alloy is decreased with increasing pass number. It was found that cracks were preferentially initiated and propagated in the interior of X-phase during the process of ECAP.     

超细晶粒高碳钢微复相组织及性能

在650℃采用等通道角挤压变形(ECAP)方法对原始组织为层片状珠光体的T8钢进行了Bc方式(每道次挤压后,试样按同一方向旋转90°进行下一道次挤压)的4道次变形,获得了晶粒尺寸在亚微米量级的超微细复相(α+θ)组织,其中等轴铁素体晶粒尺寸约为400 nm,球化完全的渗碳体颗粒粒径约为150 nm。微拉伸实验和SEM断口观察表明,经过4道次ECAP变形后,超微细复相组织的抗拉强度相对于原始珠光体组织而言有所下降,从867 MPa降至819 MPa,但屈服强度显著提高,由479MPa增加到664 MPa,相应的整体伸长率和断面收缩率分别从4.5%、5.2%增加到18%、31%,硬度值变化不明显;超微细复相组织的断口形貌由大量细小的韧窝构成,为典型的韧性断裂,而原始珠光体组织断口形貌则由河流花样组成,呈脆性解理断裂特征。     

等通道转角挤压制备超细晶Mg15Al双相合金组织与性能

对高铝双相合金Mg15Al在553K以Bc路线进行了不同道次的等通道挤压(ECAP),获得了超细晶高铝镁合金。通过OM,SEM,TEM分析了ECAP前后合金的微观组织结构及断口形貌,并测试了不同挤压道次后合金的硬度和室温拉伸性能,分析了ECAP细化晶粒机理及其性能改善原因。结果表明,随挤压道次增加,累计形变增强,网状硬脆相β-Mg17Al12破碎,合金晶粒显著细化,但对单相区和两相混合区细化效果不同。在α、β两相共存区内,4道次ECAP后形成100nm～200nm的细晶粒;在α单相区,4道次ECAP后晶粒为1μm以下,且在初晶α-Mg内析出弥散细小的β相,起到细晶强化和弥散强化作用。8道次ECAP后,晶粒略有长大。ECAP使合金的硬度、抗拉强度和延伸率同时得到提高,尤其是4道次ECAP后,硬度提高了32.04%,抗拉强度σb从150MPa提高到269.3MPa,延伸率δ由0.05%提高到7.4%;8道次ECAP后,硬度、抗拉强度略有下降,延伸率略有上升。SEM断口观察显示ECAP使合金拉伸断口形貌由铸态的解理断裂特征转变为延性韧窝断裂特征。     

Microstructures of ultra-fine grained FeCoV alloys processed by ECAP plus cold rolling and their evolutions during tempering

A new processing method,equal channel angular pressing(ECAP)plus cold rolling(CR),was applied to producing ultra-fine grained FeCoV alloy.The microstructures of ultra-fine grained FeCoV alloy after ECAP,ECAP plus CR,and the effect of tempering treatment on the microstructure of FeCoV alloy produced by ECAP plus CR were investigated.The results show that an elongated substructure with a width of about 0.3μm is obtained after four-pass ECAP using Route A.Cold rolling after ECAP cannot change the morphologies of elongated substructure,and it results in higher fraction of high-angle boundaries and higher dislocation density compared with the identical ECAP without rolling.Subsequent tempering for 30 min at 853 K brings about many nano-phases precipitating at subgrain boundaries and insides the grains,and the size of precipitated phase is measured to be about 10 nm.Nano-phases grow up with increasing tempering temperature and equiaxed structure forms at 883 K.     

Influence of rheo-diecasting processing parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties of hypereutectic Al–30%Si alloy

The effects of pouring temperature, vibration frequency, and the number of curves in a serpentine channel, on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al–30%Si alloy processed by rheo-diecasting (RDC) were investigated. The semisolid Al–30%Si alloy slurry was prepared by vibration serpentine channel pouring (VSCP) process in the RDC process. The results show that the pouring temperature, the vibration frequency, and the number of the curves strongly affect the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al–30%Si alloy. Under experimental conditions of a pouring temperature of 850 °C, a twelve-curve copper channel and a vibration frequency of 80 Hz, the primary Si grains are refined into fine compact grains with average grain size of about 24.6 μm in the RDC samples assisted with VSCP. Moreover, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS), elongation and hardness of the RDC sample are 296 MPa, 0.87% and HB 155, respectively. It is concluded that the VSCP process can effectively refine the primary Si grains. The refinement of primary Si grains is the major cause for the improvement of the mechanical properties of the RDC sample.     

A High-Strength and Biodegradable Zn–Mg Alloy with Refined Ternary Eutectic Structure Processed by ECAP

In this study, the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion behaviors of a Zn–1.6 Mg(wt%) alloy during multipass rotary die equal channel angle pressing(RD-ECAP) processing at 150 °C were systematically investigated. The results indicated that a Zn + Mg_2 Zn_(11) + MgZn_2 ternary eutectic structure was formed in as-cast Zn–Mg alloy. After ECAP, the primary Zn matrix turned to fine dynamic recrystallization(DRX) grains, and the network-shaped eutectic structure was crushed into fine particles and blended with DRX grains. Owing to the refined microstructure, dispersed eutectic structure and dynamically precipitated precipitates, the 8 p-ECAP alloy possessed the optimal mechanical properties with ultimate tensile strength of 474 MPa and elongation of 7%. Moreover, the electrochemical results showed that the ECAP alloys exhibited similar corrosion rates with that of as-cast alloys in simulated body fluid, which suggests that a high-strength Zn–Mg alloy was successfully developed without sacrifice of the corrosion resistance.     

等径角挤压制备CuCrZr合金的抗软化性能

研究了CuCrZr合金等径角挤压(ECAP)后的微观组织演变及软化温度.结果表明,固溶态CuCrZr合金经路线B_c(每挤一道次后试样沿同一方向旋转90°)等径角挤压10道次后组织细化至亚微米级,超细晶晶粒较为等轴、均匀.等径角挤压10道次后合金的软化温度约为530℃,但550℃时,合金的硬度仍高达161HV,这说明ECAP后合金的抗软化能力并没有降低.因为ECAP促进了时效时析出相的析出,使得析出相更为弥散、细小,从而提高了合金的力学性能.