激光重熔Al2O3-TiO2涂层的强韧性能

采用等离子喷涂和激光重熔复合工艺在Ti-6Al-4V基体上制备了Al₂O₃-TiO₂涂层,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、显微硬度试验和压痕试验等方法研究了激光重熔对涂层的组织及强韧性能的影响.结果表明,等离子喷涂Al₂O₃-TiO₂涂层中的主相为γ-Al₂O₃,而相应重熔涂层中的主相为α-Al₂O₃.激光重熔可消除喷涂态涂层内部的孔隙、微裂纹和层状堆垛等微观缺陷,获得致密化的组织,并使涂层与基体形成良好冶金结合.重熔涂层的硬度比相应喷涂态涂层约提高了50%,裂纹扩展抗力相比喷涂态涂层提高了近两倍.激光重熔纳米涂层中的未熔增强颗粒和纳米结构特性等对涂层起到了协同强化和韧化作用.     

Dry Sliding Wear Behaviour of Al2O3-Cr2O3 Coatings with Different Contents of Cr2O3EI北大核心CSCD

Cr₂O₃对 Al₂O₃-Cr₂O₃复合涂层与高硬度陶瓷接触时的摩擦磨损行为及磨损机制的影响尚未揭示。采用大气等离子喷涂的方法制备 Cr₂O₃含量不同的 Al₂O₃-Cr₂O₃复合涂层以研究 Cr₂O₃的影响机制。试验结果表明：Cr₂O₃明显减少了涂层的微观孔隙;复合涂层中 α-Al₂O₃ / γ-Al₂O₃的相对含量比明显高于 Al₂O₃ 层中的 37%;Al₂O₃-40%Cr₂O₃涂层的硬度与 Al₂O₃涂层相比提高了 48%,断裂韧性是 Al₂O₃涂层的 2 倍多;当载荷为 5 N、10 N 和 15 N 时,Al₂O₃-40%Cr₂O₃复合涂层的摩擦因数最低,磨损率依次降低 60%、85% 和 79%。但是当载荷为 20 N 时,Al₂O₃-20%Cr₂O₃复合涂层的摩擦因数最低,磨损率降低了 50%。微观脆性断裂是涂层的主要磨损机制。复合涂层耐滑动磨损性能与 Cr₂O₃含量及磨损条件是密切相关的。微观结构、硬度、断裂韧性、导热系数等是影响 Al₂O₃-Cr₂O₃ 复合涂层耐磨损性能的重要因素。研究结果可为高耐磨性 Al₂O₃基涂层的设计和应用提供指导。     

铝基表面等离子喷涂Al2O3-TiO2-Ta涂层的制备及防腐性能

采用等离子喷涂技术在铝基表面构建Al₂O₃-TiO₂涂层和Al₂O₃-TiO₂-Ta涂层。由于钽元素的引入,Al₂O₃-TiO₂-Ta涂层表面形貌更均匀、致密。同时钽金属具有极强的耐酸碱特性,因此,Al₂O₃-TiO₂-Ta涂层相对于Al₂O₃-TiO₂涂层具有更强的耐腐蚀性。Tafel曲线结果显示,Al₂O₃-TiO₂涂层使得基体的腐蚀电位仅正移了99.6 mV,Al₂O₃-TiO₂-Ta涂层使得铝基体腐蚀电位正移了208.9 mV。因此,由于耐蚀性极强的Ta金属的掺入,Al₂O₃-TiO₂涂层的防腐性得到了极大的增强,Al₂O₃-TiO₂-Ta涂层有效地防止铝合金腐蚀。     

γ-TiAl合金表面Al2O3/Al复合涂层的抗高温熔盐腐蚀性能研究

采用磁控溅射技术于γ-TiAl合金表面制备Al₂O₃/Al复合涂层。在850 °C下、 100 wt.% Na₂SO₄熔盐中观测Al₂O₃/Al复合涂层的高温腐蚀行为。结果表明,Al₂O₃/Al复合涂层具备由Al₂O₃表层、富Al中间层以及互扩散层组成的梯度结构,因而有效地提高了基体γ-TiAl合金的抗高温腐蚀性能。在腐蚀实验后,涂层试样表面相结构为Al₂O₃,TiO₂和TiAl₃。致密的Al₂O₃/Al复合涂层有效地抑制了O_2-,S_-和Na₊对基体γ-TiAl合金的侵蚀。并且,Al₂O₃/Al复合涂层的梯度结构亦使其表现出了优异的抗开裂和抗剥落性能。     

离子注入法在316L不锈钢基体上制备Al2O3 阻氚涂层

采用离子注入技术在316L不锈钢基体上制备了氧化铝阻氚涂层。对离子注入法的不同工艺参数对α-Al₂O₃涂层摩擦磨损、耐腐蚀、抗热震、阻氚性能的影响进行了研究。结果表明：温度、加速电压及离子注入剂量对α-Al₂O₃的含量均有影响。温度升高时, α-Al₂O₃的含量增加。增大加速电压及离子注入剂量时,α-Al₂O₃含量均出现先升高后降低的规律。离子注入剂量对涂层的摩擦磨损、耐腐蚀性能影响比较大：离子注入剂量越大,涂层的耐磨、耐腐蚀性能越好。涂层经过200次热震测试后未发生变化,抗热震性能较好。Al₂O₃膜层具有优异的阻氚性能,在600 ℃下能使316L不锈钢的氚渗透率降低3个数量级。     

多孔ZrO2-8 wt% Y2O3涂层的制备及性能

航空发动机的效率与转动叶片和机匣之间的间隙密切相关。为了控制转子和静子之间的间隙,需要在机匣表面制备可磨耗的封严涂层。在发动机的高温端,ZrO₂-8wt% Y₂O₃涂层是经常采用的封严涂层基体。涂层中的孔隙可以增加涂层的可磨耗性。本文利用聚苯酯(PHB)增加等离子喷涂的ZrO₂-8 wt% Y₂O₃涂层的孔隙率。为了避免聚苯酯在等离子喷涂过程中的烧损,利用溶胶-凝胶法在聚苯酯颗粒表面沉积一层TiO₂层。文中将讨论采用此方法制成的涂层的形态、孔隙率、硬度和可磨耗性。结果表明,在喷涂粉末中混合包覆型的聚苯酯后,涂层的孔隙率将会得到提升,涂层硬度将会下降。磨耗试验的结果表明涂层的磨耗深度随着涂层孔隙率的增加而增加。     

ZrCr梯度界面层对Zr/Al2O3涂层体系抗热震性能影响及机理研究

采用中频磁控溅射和超音速等离子喷涂依次在锆合金(Zr-4)基体表面制备了Zr(84.61 at.%)Cr/Zr(17.39 at.%)Cr/Al₂O₃(ZrCr梯度界面层)和Al₂O₃ (无ZrCr梯度界面层)涂层。利用XRD、SEM和HRTEM等重点分析了ZrCr梯度界面层对Zr-4/Al₂O₃涂层界面微观结构、结合强度和抗热震性能的影响。研究结果表明：通过增设ZrCr梯度界面层,能显著提升Zr-4/ZrCr/Al₂O₃体系结合强度至50.3±2.52 MPa,较Zr-4/Al₂O₃体系结合强度值提升约46%;循环热震条件下,Zr-4/ZrCr/Al₂O₃体系膜基界面完整,与ZrCr梯度界面层能显著提升界面结合强度且喷涂及热震实验过程中ZrCr梯度界面层Cr原子优先形成较致密的Cr₂O₃能进一步有效抑制氧扩散至Zr-4有关;Zr-4/Al₂O₃膜基界面则出现明显开裂甚至剥离行为,其主因是Zr-4/Al₂O₃两者界面热应力集中而导致Zr-4/Al₂O₃界面开裂;HRTEM和EDS线扫描结果证实在Zr-4/Al₂O₃界面开裂处形成的疏松ZrO₂氧化物是后续热震循环中进一步加剧涂层大面积剥落失效的根本原因。     

基于磁过滤技术的热障涂层表面Al2O3 覆盖层抗CMAS腐蚀性能

为了提高热障涂层（TBC）的抗沉积物（主要成分为CaO、MgO、Al₂O₃和SiO₂,简称CMAS）腐蚀性能,采用磁过滤阴极真空电弧（FCVA）技术在TBC表面上制备了致密的Al₂O₃覆盖层,比较和分析了Al₂O₃改性TBC和沉积态TBC的润湿行为和抗CMAS腐蚀性能。结果表明：使用FCVA技术制备Al₂O₃覆盖层的过程对7%（质量分数）氧化钇稳定的氧化锆（7YSZ）相的结构无明显影响,且经Al₂O₃改性的TBC综合性能均优于沉积态TBC。在1250 ℃、CMAS腐蚀条件下,Al₂O₃覆盖层有效地限制了熔融CMAS在TBC表面上的扩散行为。同时,Al₂O₃填充了7YSZ柱状晶之间的间隔并且阻碍了熔融CMAS的渗透,证明了FCVA可作为一种制备Al₂O₃涂层的新方法以提高TBC的抗CMAS腐蚀性能,且Al₂O₃涂层及其制备过程对TBC的热震性能均无消极影响。     

纳米Al2O3/TiO2多层涂层的低温制备及其性能*

采用原子层沉积技术(ALD)在 200 ℃低温条件下将纳米 Al₂O₃ / TiO₂ 多层涂层沉积在硬质合金刀具表面。利用扫描电镜 SEM、划痕测试仪和三向测力仪以及数控机床等设备,对不同形式的纳米 Al₂O₃ / TiO₂ 多层涂层刀具的涂层-基体结合力和切削性能等进行研究。结果表明,基于原子层沉积技术低温制备的纳米多层涂层刀具的涂层-基体结合强度高;涂层层数、 涂层沉积顺序及涂层层厚比对纳米多层涂层刀具的切削力有不同程度的影响;纳米多层涂层刀具更适合高速切削,当切削速度大于 2.33 m / s 时,纳米多层涂层刀具的切削力和摩擦因数呈下降趋势,表现出良好的切削性能,其中双层纳米涂层刀具的切削性能更好;在高速切削时,纳米多层涂层刀具表面摩擦因数比普通未涂层硬质合金刀具低,纳米 Al₂O₃ / TiO₂ 多层涂层能够有效改善刀具的黏结磨损,减少刀-屑粘黏现象和烫伤现象,能够改善刀具表面的耐磨损性能。     

钛种植体表面CuO和Nb2O5共掺杂TiO2涂层的制备及抗菌性能和生物相容性

利用等离子体喷涂技术在医用钛合金表面成功制备TiO₂、50% Nb₂O₅-TiO₂和1% CuO-49% Nb₂O₅-TiO₂涂层，并对涂层的微观结构、表面粗糙度、表面亲疏水性、化学稳定性进行表征。利用金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌来评价涂层的抗菌性能，利用小鼠颅顶前骨细胞亚克隆14细胞来评价涂层的细胞相容性。结果表明：等离子体喷涂TiO₂涂层主要由金红石和少量锐钛矿相组成，而在50% Nb₂O₅-TiO₂和1% CuO-49% Nb₂O₅-TiO₂涂层中均出现了Ti_0.95Nb_0.95O₄固溶体和特殊的棒状交织结构；Nb₂O₅和CuO的掺杂增加了TiO₂涂层的表面粗糙度，改善其亲水性。Nb₂O₅掺杂提高了细胞的增殖能力和成骨分化能力，CuO和Nb₂O₅共掺杂显著提高了TiO₂涂层的抗菌性能，但Cu离子的释放降低了50% Nb₂O₅-TiO₂涂层的细胞相容性。和TiO₂涂层相比，1% CuO-49% Nb₂O₅-TiO₂涂层的细胞相容性并未明显降低，说明Nb₂O₅掺入可一定程度上抑制了Cu离子对细胞的副作用。     

Thermodynamics and phase diagrams in the binary systems Na2O-SiO2, Na2O-GeO2, Na2O-B2O3, Li2O-B2O3, CaO-B2O3, SrO-B2O3, and BaO-B2O3

We applied our model to the enthalpy of mixing data of the binary systems Na₂O-SiO₂, Na₂O-GeO₂, Na₂O-B₂O₃, Li₂O-B₂O₃, CaO-B₂O₃, SrO-B₂O₃, and BaO-B₂O₃. The most stable composition in the liquid, that is where the enthalpy of mixing is most negative, is with a metal-oxygen ratio of 4 to 3, for monovalent metals (Na and Li) and 3 to 4 for divalent metals (Ba and Ca) in liquid silicates or borates. The same applies to the CaO-SiO₂, CaO-Al₂O₃, PbO-B₂O₃, PbO-SiO₂, ZnO-B₂O₃, and ZnO-SiO₂ systems. The oxygen to metal ratio, its constant value in various types of systems, reflects and describes the structure of the liquid. Using the analyzed enthalpies of mixing data and the available phase diagrams, we calculated the enthalpies of formation of the various binary compounds. The results are in excellent agreement with data in the literature that were obtained from direct solid-solid calorimetry.     

Fe2+-Ni2+-NH3-NH4+-C2O42-H2O体系的沉淀配合平衡热力学

针对草酸盐配位共沉淀热分解还原法制备超细铁镍合金粉过程中Fe2+-Ni2+-NH3-NH4+-C2O42--H2O体系的溶液平衡建立热力学分析模型,并根据模型进行相关计算,揭示反应体系中各物质随pH值、氨及草酸浓度的变化关系。结果表明:溶液中的Fe主要以[Fe(C2O4)n]2 2n络合物形式存在,而铁氨络合物含量很低。当氨含量较低时,溶液中的Ni主要以[Ni(C2O4)n]2 2n存在;氨含量较高时,在酸性条件下,溶液中的Ni主要以[Ni(C2O4)n]2 2n存在,在碱性条件下,则主要以[Ni(NH3)n]2+存在。低pH值下,Ni的沉淀率较Fe的高,而高pH值下,Ni的沉淀率则较Fe的低。     

Al2O3-Sm2O3-CeO2电解质的性能（英文）

采用溶胶-凝胶法和低温燃烧技术制备Ce1-xSmxO2（x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3）和掺杂Sm和（2%-8%）Al2O3的二氧化铈;研究其合成、结构、致密化、导电性和热膨胀等性能,并利用XRD研究其结构和相组成。结果表明,于1300°C烧结球团,获得致密的陶瓷,于1250°C在Ce0.8Sm0.2O0.2中加入2%和4%的Al2O3以促进烧结。利用扫描电子显微镜观察烧结后球团的表面形貌,使用双探针交流阻抗谱研究总离子电导率。     

Al2O3包覆改善P2型Na2/3Fe1/2Mn1/2O2正极材料的存储性能

采用超声喷雾热解与高温固相烧结相结合的方法合成P2型Na_2/3Fe_1/2Mn_1/2O₂材料。通过X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和电化学充放电设备对材料的结构、形貌和电化学性能进行全面的表征。此外,在Na_2/3Fe_1/2Mn_1/2O₂表面包覆Al₂O₃薄层,该包覆层可以抑制Na₂CO₃·H₂O的形成,提高Na_2/3Fe_1/2Mn_1/2O₂材料的存储性能,从而改善其电化学性能。这种简单的表面改性方法为合成高性能钠离子电池正极材料提供了新思路。     

Y2O3-BaO-SiO2-B2O3-Al2O3 glass sealant for solid oxide fuel cells

A glass based on Y₂O₃-BaO-SiO₂-B₂O₃-Al₂O₃ (named YBA) has been investigated as sealant for planar solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). The YBA glass has been systematically characterized by differential thermal analysis, dilatometer, scanning electron microscopy, impedance analysis, and open circuit voltage to examine their suitability as sealant. The coefficient of thermal expansion of YBA is 11.64 × 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹ between 323 and 873 K. The resistivity is 9.1 × 10⁴ Ω cm at 800 °C. The glass sealant is found to be well adhered with other cell components, such as electrolytes and stainless steels, at an optimum sealing temperature of 800 °C. All measured results showed that the YBA glass appears to be a promising sealant for SOFCs.     

Synthesis and properties of CaCd2Sb2 and EuCd2Sb2

High density polycrystalline CaCd₂Sb₂ and EuCd₂Sb₂ intermetallics are synthesized by Spark Plasma Sintering and their thermoelectric properties are investigated. X-ray diffraction measurements reveal both materials have a structure in space group, containing a small amount of CdSb as a second phase. Thermoelectric measurements indicate both are p-type conductive materials. The figure of merit value of CaCd₂Sb₂ is 0.04 at 600 K and that of EuCd₂Sb₂ is 0.60 at 617 K. Theoretical calculations show that CaCd₂Sb₂ is a degenerate semiconductor with a band gap of 0.63 eV, while EuCd₂Sb₂ is metallic with DOS of 13.02 electrons/eV. For deeper understanding of the better thermoelectric properties of EuCd₂Sb₂, its low temperature magnetic, transport and heat capacity properties are investigated. Its Nèel temperature is 7.22 K, convinced by heat capacity anomaly at 7.13 K. Hall effect convinced that it is a p-type conductive material. It has high Hall coefficient, high carrier concentration and high carrier mobility of +1.426 cm³/C, 4.38 × 10¹⁸/cm³ and 182.40 cm²/Vs, respectively. They are all in the magnitude of good thermoelectric materials. The Eu 4f level around Fermi energy and antiferromagnetic order may count for the better thermoelectric properties of EuCd₂Sb₂ than that of CaCd₂Sb₂.     

New Zr6CoAs2-type compounds: Y6CoBi2, Ho6CoBi2 and Tm6CoBi2

Results of a powder X-ray diffraction investigation of new ternary compounds are reported. The compounds Y₆CoBi₂ [a=0.8312(1) nm, c=0.4144(1) nm], Ho₆CoBi₂ [a=0.8246(2) nm, c=0.4095(1) nm], and Tm₆CoBi₂ [a=0.8155(2) nm, c=0.4066(1) nm] crystallize in the hexagonal Zr₆CoAs₂-type structure (space group P6b2m No. 189). The Zr₆CoAs₂-type structure is a superstructure of the Fe₂P-type structure.     

Phase equilibria in the system La2O3-BaO-P2O5: The partial system LaPO4-Ba2P2O7-Ba(PO3)2

The LaPO₄-Ba₂P₂O₇-Ba(PO₃)₂ portion of the oxide La₂O₃-BaO-P₂O₅ system has been investigated. Important parts of this investigation were the determination of equilibria in the LaPO₄-Ba(PO₃)₂ subsystem and the addition of liquidus data to the partially known LaPO₄-Ba(PO₃)₂-Ba₂P₂O₇ subsystem. These data were combined with known data from the LaPO₄-Ba₂P₂O₇ subsystem and with measurements of the equilibria within the LaPO₄-Ba₃P₄O₁₃ isopleth to determine the nature of the phase equilibria in the quasi-ternary LaPO₄-Ba₂P₂O₇-Ba(PO₃)₂ system.     

载体中ZrO2/Al2O3比对Pt/ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂性能的影响

相比汽油车而言,柴油车具有高效、低油耗的优势已得到广泛应用。本实验以ZrO₂作为改性剂,探究了ZrO₂与Al₂O₃的质量比对催化剂的影响。研究结果表明：随着ZrO₂的加入,Pt粒子先减小后增大;Pt粒子与载体的交互作用先增大后减小。活性实验数据分析表明,ZrO₂的最佳添加量为40 wt%,CO和C₃H₆完全氧化温度分别降低20 _oC 、25 _oC。贵金属在催化剂的分散度以及贵金属与载体的相互作用随着ZrO₂与Al₂O₃质量比的变化而变化。Pt粒子越小,其与载体的交互作用越强,这表明催化剂性能越强。     

Gd Mössbauer effect and magnetic properties of GdNi2Sb2, GdCu2Sb2 and GdAl2Ga2

We have investigated the magnetic properties and the ¹⁵⁵Gd Mössbauer spectra of the ThCr₂Si₂-type compounds GdNi₂Sb₂, GdCu₂Sb₂ and GdAl₂Ga₂. These three compounds were found to order antiferromagnetically, with T_N=6.5 K, 15.8 K, and 42.4 K respectively. The electric field gradient V₂₂ derived from the quadrupole splitting of the Mössbauer spectra gives rise to a sign change at the end of the T3d series in GdT₂Sb₂, as was observed previously also for the corresponding compounds with Si and Ge. This behaviour was explained in terms of decreasing hybridization between the Gd valence electron states and the d electron states of the T atoms.