RE对铸造Al-6Zn-2.5Mg-1.8Cu合金热裂倾向性的影响

在铸造Al-6Zn-2.5Mg-1.8Cu合金中分别加入0、0.05%、0.1%和0.15%的RE,研究了RE对合金的热裂倾向、微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,RE的加入可细化晶粒尺寸,提高合金的力学性能,降低合金的热裂倾向。在加入范围内,RE含量为0.1%时,热裂倾向性最低,晶粒尺寸最小,力学性能最佳,合金的抗拉强度和伸长率分别为180MPa和3%。     

Al-10RE中间合金对Al-20Si合金组织和性能的影响

研究了不同Al-10RE添加量对Al-20Si合金铸造组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,加入Al-10RE后的Al-20Si合金主要由α-Al基体、初晶Si、共晶Si和针状的Al11RE3相组成;初晶Si的形状由大块状变为小块状和球状,其最佳加入量为1.5%,初晶Si平均晶粒尺寸最细小,且呈弥散均匀分布。其抗拉强度、伸长率和硬度达到最大值,分别为117 MPa、11.0%、87.76。分析认为,RE的加入改变了初晶Si晶粒的生长方式,而细化的晶粒以及针状Al11RE3相的产生又大大改善了Al-20Si合金的力学性能。     

混合稀土RE对Mg-10Al合金组织及性能的影响

研究了不同质量分数的混合稀土对Mg-10Al合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。研究结果表明:加入混合稀土RE后,Mg-10Al合金的晶粒明显细化,β相由网状变为颗粒状,RE与铝结合形成Al2RE和Al11RE3新相,合金的抗拉强度和伸长率均得到显著提高,且随RE质量分数增加,呈先增大后降低的趋势。在RE质量分数为1.5%时,合金组织细化效果最好,抗拉强度达到最大值,从Mg-10Al合金的81 MPa提高到164 MPa.而伸长率则在RE质量分数为0.5%时达到最大值,由Mg-10Al合金的0.5%增加到1.56%.     

RE对Zn-Al-Cu-Mg合金组织和力学性能的影响

研究了不同RE含量 (0、0.04%、0.05%、0.06%)对锌合金显微组织、力学性能及耐蚀性的影响.在Zn-Al-Cu-Mg合金中加入适量的RE能阻止树枝晶长大,细化晶粒,并能改善合金的力学性能.当RE的加入量为 0.05%时,合金的抗拉强度提高了11.8%,伸长率提高了1.75倍,硬度提高了5.6%.加入适量的RE后合金的耐蚀性能也有所提高.     

细晶铝锭熔炼的6063铝合金组织与性能研究

细晶铝锭是采用纯铝的电解设备,通过向铝电解槽中添加TiO2,直接电解生产的晶粒细化的铝锭.采用细晶铝锭熔炼6063铝合金,并对其组织性能进行研究,结果表明:细晶铝锭熔炼6063铝合金,由于其电解加钛方式,生产成本低廉;细晶铝锭熔炼的6063铝合金型材,晶粒细小均匀,表面性能及力学性能完全满足GB/T 5237的要求;细晶铝锭、RE(富铈混合稀土)元素联合细化,细晶铝锭、RE、B元素联合细化熔炼的6063铝合金,抗拉强度与添加Al-5Ti-1B熔炼的6063铝合金相当,而伸长率提高20%,并可获得更优异的表面性能.     

稀土元素对7075铝合金组织的影响

采用金相、能谱分析、扫描电镜等分析手段,研究了RE对7075铝合金组织的影响.试验表明,RE含量在0.2%~0.5%之间时,具有很好的细化效果,合金铸态晶粒尺寸呈由大变小,再由小变大的趋势.在RE含量为0.3%时,晶粒尺寸最小,细化效果最佳,7075铝合金综合力学性能达到最好.而在RE含量为0.5%时,晶粒尺寸变大且出现针状富集相,导致7075铝合金合金综合力学性能降低.     

电解铜箔翘曲原因分析

超薄电解铜箔生产工艺不稳定易导致铜箔翘曲缺陷,严重影响铜箔后续加工及产品品质。针对铜箔翘曲问题,选取5家铜箔生产厂家生产的18μm厚的不同程度翘曲电解铜箔样品,做内应力、织构、晶粒等测试,分析翘曲原因。通过试验验证了添加剂SP(聚二硫二丙烷磺酸钠)、HEC(羟乙基纤维素)、PEG(聚乙二醇)会引起铜箔翘曲。铜箔翘曲是残余应力作用的结果,而残余应力与铜箔织构、孪晶界、晶粒尺寸及内部孔洞有一定关系。添加剂通过改变铜箔织构、晶粒大小等来影响翘曲。(220)织构的增多或晶粒细化会增大铜箔翘曲。     

细化变质处理对铸造Al-7.5Si-4Cu合金力学性能和组织的影响(英文)

研究了单一和复合Al-5Ti-B、RE和Al-10Sr细化变质剂对砂型铸造Al-7.5Si-4Cu合金力学性能、显微组织、细化变质效果及其金属间化合物变化的影响。结果表明:与单一细化变质处理以及铸态相比,经过添加质量分数为0.8%的Al-5Ti-B、0.1%的RE和0.1%的Al-10Sr细化变质剂复合细化变质处理后铸造Al-7.5Si-4Cu合金的力学性能和显微组织都得到了显著改善。对于单一细化变质处理,加入0.8%的Al-5Ti-B中间合金后,合金的抗拉强度和布氏硬度得到大幅度提高,并且细化了α(Al)相。加入0.1%的RE中间合金后,合金的伸长率得到了最大程度的提高。这是因为RE的加入使铝合金熔液而得到净化,同时改变了金属间化合物的形状。而加入0.1%的Al-10Sr变质剂后,合金的屈服强度得到改善,但其他性能的改善有限。Al-10Sr变质剂对共晶硅具有较强的变质作用,但使得铝合金熔体含气量增加并形成严重的柱状晶组织。利用硅相的平均面积和长宽比描述细化变质效果得到的结论与力学性能和组织分析的结果相同。     

加入Ld、RE和Sb对镁合金AZ91D显微组织的影响

镁合金晶粒尺寸的大小对强度的影响较大,细化镁合金的晶粒可显著提高其力学性能.主要研究了加入稀土La和混合稀土RE巨以及细化晶粒元素Sb对镁合金AZ91D显微组织的影响.结果表明,稀土和Sb合金化所产生的(Al,Mg)11La3相、Mg3Sb2相、Al4RE相等大多以针状和杆状偏聚在晶界上,阻碍了晶粒的长大,起到改善晶粒和强化晶界的作用,合金经时效处理后得到均匀分布的短棒状的沉淀相,产生了沉淀强化效应.     

RE对Al-Si-Cu合金组织性能的影响

通过金相、扫描电镜分析、X射线衍射、流动性和拉伸测试,研究了RE(La、Ce混合稀土)的加入对Al-Si-Cu合金流动性、力学性能以及显微组织的影响。结果表明,适量RE(La、Ce混合稀土)的加入,可以提高Al-Si-Cu合金的流动性和力学性能,并细化其晶粒尺寸。当RE添加量约为0.4%时,对Al-Si-Cu合金改善效果最佳,合金流动性增加了约24%,铸态合金抗拉强度增加了9.4%,伸长率提高了35%,时效后合金抗拉强度增加了8.4%,伸长率提高了26%。     

Prospects of the Use of Synergetic Approach to Solution of Problems of the Science of Nanomaterials

A synergetic approach to solution of problems of self-controlled synthesis of nanostructures and creation of self-organizing nanotechnologies is considered in connection with the superproblem of creation of materials with functional properties resembling those of biosystems. __________ Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 7, pp. 55 – 61, July, 2005.     

Kinetics of the oxidation of metals — Influence of self-diffusion of metal

The importance of the self-diffusion of a metal during its oxidation by a gas is treated for the cases of nonstoichiometric oxides having either interstitial cation or cation vacancies. We have established a general relationship for the reaction rate when a mixed diffusion process occurs. From this relationship, we have shown that the pressure dependence can be different, according to whether the rate-determining process is the self-diffusion through the metal or through the product.     

胫骨生物陶瓷复合材料的微结构增韧机理

扫描电镜观察显示胫骨是一种由羟基磷灰石和胶原蛋白组成的自然生物陶瓷复合材料.羟基磷灰石具有层状的微结构并且平行于骨的表面排列.观察也显示这些羟基磷灰石层又是由许多羟基磷灰石片所组成,这些羟基磷灰石片具有长而薄的形状,也以平行的方式整齐排列.基于在胫骨中观察到的羟基磷灰石片的微结构特征,通过微结构模型分析及实验,研究了羟基磷灰石片平行排列微结构的最大拔出能.结果表明,羟基磷灰石片长而薄的形状以及平行排列方式增加了其最大拔出能,进而提高了骨的断裂韧性.     

Mechanism of Nucleation of Precipitates of Carbides of Refractory Metals Under Hot Rolling of Automotive Sheet Steel

Metal Science and Heat Treatment - The problem of formation of properties in microalloyed sheet steels is considered. The cause and the possible mechanism of precipitation of carbides of refractory...     

燃煤机组锅炉烟气脱硝灰中氨含量测定

NOx是大气环境的主要污染物之一,其主要来源为火力发电机组。依靠低氮燃烧技术,远达不到排放要求。选择性催化还原脱硝(简称SCR)技术是目前效率最高、最成熟、应用最广泛的电厂烟气脱硝技术。目前,在线氨逃逸监测技术存在诸多问题,影响了氨逃逸监测数据的准确度和稳定性。在燃料种类、炉膛结构、受热面布置、过量空气量、炉膛气流分布以及脱硝催化剂类型等条件确定的情况下,控制好氨加入量及其逃逸量是保证NOx脱除率的关键所在。燃煤锅炉除尘飞灰氨含量可侧面反映脱硝氨逃逸率的状况。根据国外的文献报道,正常情况下,电除尘灰中氨含量一般在50mg/kg-100mg/kg范围内。由于国内尚无灰中氨含量的测定方法,亦无脱硝运行对飞灰含氨量影响的数据积累。本文通过大量试验,确定了灰中氨溶解条件(如溶解时间、搅拌状态、灰水比、灰样量及其稳定性等),制定了灰中氨含量测定方法。     

Features of formation of the structure in production of blanks of disks of heat-resistant nickel alloys

Conclusions To provide a high level of mechanical properties in wrought blanks of cast ÉP741NP and ÉP962 alloys it is necessary to form controlled structures. A necklace-type structure formed in homogenizing isostatic treatment, subsequent thermomechanical working including alternation of the operations of deformation in the (+)-area and recrystallization anneals, and final heat treatment is preferable. The temperature conditions of all stages of thermomechanical working are strictly controlled, especially the final operation of deformation and heating for hardening. To eliminate hardening cracks and distortions it is necessary to use molten salts at t=600°C as quenchants. The use of multiple production operations makes it possible to significantly reduce the structural inhomogeneity related to inhertance of the original dendritic structure. However, the structure of the final semifinished product is nevertheless characterized by a difference in occurrence of the processes of polygonization and recrystallization between the former dendritic cells and the interdendritic spaces in deformation and heat treatment.To obtain structurally homogeneous blanks for gas turbine engine parts it is necessary to use basically new methods of remelting such as vacuum double electrode remelting and electron beam remelting with an intermediate vessel.Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 12, pp. 25–29, December, 1991.     

Ab-initio calculation of enthalpies of formation of intermetallic compounds and enthalpies of mixing of solid solutions

A large number of ab-initio calculations of energies of formation of intermetallic compounds have been performed in the last 15 years. The currently used methods are listed. The paper presents a review of the aluminium based compounds which have been studied. Comparisons of calculated and experimental enthalpies of formation are provided for aluminim-3d and-4d transition metal alloys at equiatomic composition. The modelling of the enthalpies of mixing of solid solutions based on a given lattice is described.