AISI304不锈钢渗铜后的微观组织及抗菌性能

以CuO＋NH4Cl为渗剂对AISI 304不锈钢表面进行化学渗铜处理，获得了具有优良抗菌性能的渗铜层。用扫描电镜及小掠射X射线衍射仪分析了渗层深度、微观组织及相组成。试验结果表明，当渗铜处理温度大于900℃后，渗铜层深度及渗层中富铜相Cu9.9Fe0.1及Cu3.8Ni的生成量快速增加。渗层中富铜相生成量越多，不锈钢的抗菌效果越佳，尤其是金黄色葡萄球菌。AISI304不锈钢经950℃保温4h渗铜处理后得到了较深的渗铜层，铜以富铜相形式均匀分布于渗层，具有优良的抗大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的效果。     

304不锈钢双辉等离子渗铜铪表面合金层组织及抗菌性能

利用双辉渗金属技术在304不锈钢表面进行铜铪共渗,使用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜研究铜铪共渗合金层的显微组织、相结构、形貌、成分和表面硬度,采用薄膜密贴法对合金层进行抗菌性能的检测。结果表明:铜铪共渗合金层由扩散层和沉积层构成,合金层表面组织致密、分布连续、无明显裂纹和孔隙。铜、铪含量由表至里逐渐减少,渗铜铪试样中的铬和碳都出现向渗层表面迁移的现象。抗菌检测中,铜铪合金层表面对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌都具有优良的抗菌性能,抗菌率均达到99%以上。当铜在源极棒中比例达到80%和90%时,所得到的渗铜铪试样抗菌率分别为99.83%和99.12%,当铜比例为70%时得到渗后试样的抗菌率仅为93%。渗后试样表面硬度约为605 HV0.1,大于渗铜试样和304不锈钢表面硬度。     

渗铜法制备抗菌不锈钢渗层工艺的研究

使用自制的渗铜剂在奥氏体不锈钢 0Cr18Ni9表面获得≥ 5 0 μm深度的抗菌层。研究了渗铜工艺对渗层的影响 ,获得了最佳热处理工艺为 90 0℃× 8h缓慢冷却。研究表明获得的渗层具有良好的抗菌性能。     

渗铜法制备抗菌不锈钢的抗菌性和耐蚀性

利用75%Cu 7%Na3AlF3 18%Al2O3膏剂,在900℃对18-8型奥氏体不锈钢进行8h渗铜后缓冷制备渗铜抗菌不锈钢。采用电子探针和X射线衍射仪分析其渗层组织;涂抹印迹法测定其抗菌性能;采用浸泡法和盐雾试验检验其耐蚀性能。结果表明渗铜不锈钢24 h后对大肠杆菌的杀灭率可达99.99%,抗蚀性较原始试样有略微下降,但下降程度很小,仍具有较好的耐蚀性。     

钢材表面熔盐合金化Fe_3Si层抗蚀性能研究

利用熔盐非电解沉积法在20钢和2Cr13不锈钢表面进行渗硅处理,借助扫描电镜分析了渗层剖面形貌和成分分布,X射线衍射仪确认物相组成,利用动态极化曲线及交流阻抗谱电化学技术评价各Fe_3Si渗层的耐H_2SO_4介质电化学腐蚀性能。结果表明,钢材表面熔盐合金化制备的Fe_3Si渗层具有优异的抗H_2SO_4介质电化学腐蚀性能;不锈钢中的Cr合金元素的存在能加快熔盐渗硅速率,有助于缺陷的减少和渗层致密性的改善,Cr合金元素共同参与形成的多元Fe_3Si型过渡族金属硅化物具有优异的腐蚀抗力。     

刻蚀对高碳马氏体不锈钢表面等离子渗铬层结合强度的影响

目的研究等离子体刻蚀工艺对高碳马氏体不锈钢表面渗铬层组织和结合强度的影响。方法首先利用微波等离子体化学气相沉积方法对8Cr17马氏体不锈钢表面进行四种不同工艺参数的刻蚀处理,然后利用双层辉光等离子体表面渗铬技术在刻蚀处理后的8Cr17不锈钢表面制备铬合金层。用扫描电子显微镜、激光共聚焦、辉光放电光谱仪和X射线衍射仪分别表征刻蚀表面形貌和渗铬层组织,用划痕仪测试渗铬层与基体的结合强度。结果氢和氢+氩等离子体刻蚀后,8Cr17不锈钢基体表面粗糙度增加,且含碳量减少。渗铬层由表面富Cr层、Cr_xC_y扩散层、基体组成,其物相主要包括Cr、Cr_(23)C_6、Cr_7C_3。表面经氢气刻蚀1 h和2 h后,形成的渗铬层厚度分别为7、7.5μm,氢气+氩气刻蚀1 h和2 h后,渗铬层厚度分别为8.1、9μm,其中氢气+氩气刻蚀1 h的基材表面渗铬层较致密,与基体结合牢固。结论等离子体刻蚀预处理可通过改变8Cr17钢表面的组织形貌,降低表面含碳量,增加扩散层厚度,提高渗层与基体的结合强度。     

表面抗菌不锈钢的研究进展

抗菌不锈钢是一种新型的抗菌材料,拥有抗菌性强、耐高温塑性好、自身无菌等良好的特性,在医疗、食品、公共卫生等领域有很好的应用前景.在实际应用中,抗菌不锈钢主要应用其表面的抗菌性能,因此,表面抗菌不锈钢较之其他产品有更高的研究价值.综述了表面抗菌不锈钢的研究进展,主要包括表面涂层型抗菌不锈钢和表面改性型抗菌不锈钢的制备工艺,以及不同类产品的抗菌能力.结果表明,目前表面抗菌不锈钢在制备及使用过程中所面临的问题主要是对生产设备和技术要求高,产品耐磨性差,当前的技术难以达到大量制备表面抗菌不锈钢的要求.结合电沉积法的特点及扩散特性,以及利用电沉积扩散法在制备抗菌不锈钢方面的应用情况,指出利用电沉积扩散法在不锈钢基体表面制备抗菌镀层将是未来制备表面抗菌不锈钢的主要发展方向.     

0Cr18Ni9不锈钢表面渗Si层制备及抗氧化性能研究

通过熔盐非电解沉积法在0Cr18Ni9不锈钢表面进行渗硅处理.试验表明,当温度达到800℃渗硅时间为10 h时,在不锈钢基体上产生约500 μm的富含Cr、Ni合金元素的Fe3Si型硅化物渗层.采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析了渗硅层的物相组成,用附带能量色散谱仪(EDS)附件的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了渗层截面的形貌和成分.通过氧化质量增加的方法,比较了渗硅试样和0Cr18Ni9不锈钢在800℃下的循环氧化行为.结果表明,经过渗硅处理后不锈钢的氧化质量增加明显小于不经过硅化处理的0Cr18Ni9不锈钢的氧化质量增加,其原因是在循环氧化的时,发生了Si、Cr原子从基体到渗层的上坡扩散,并且在内外氧化层中产生了偏聚的SiO2、Cr2O3,等氧化产物,从而对基体起到很好的保护作用.     

GCr15销轴固体渗Cr层的生长机制及孔隙成因探索

低扩渗效率和渗层孔隙是困扰着渗铬生产的两个重要难题。本文采用固体包埋法在GCr15表面制备渗Cr涂层，重点探讨了渗层的生长机制、孔隙成因及不同稀土氧化物的催渗作用。结果表明，加入稀土氧化物后渗层厚度明显提高，三种稀土氧化物的催渗效率依次为Y2O3>CeO2>La2O3。渗Cr层明显的分为双层结构，外层是以（Cr，Fe）23C6相为主的多孔层，内层为（Cr，Fe）7C3相为主的致密层。扩渗初期在基材表面首先生成的（Cr，Fe）23C6相层阻碍了表面活性Cr原子向内扩散，其自身作为Cr源向内扩散促进了致密层的生长，Cr原子扩散速度的差异及渗层中的应力是产生孔隙的主要原因。发现降低基体碳含量抑制（Cr，Fe）23C6相层的生成或细化该相层晶粒增加Cr原子扩散通道可有效降低孔隙率，这为改进渗铬层质量提供了一个重要思路。     

超级13Cr表面Cr-Y共渗层的组织与摩擦磨损性能

通过950℃下Cr-Y2O3扩散共渗5 h的方法在超级13Cr表面制备了Cr-Y共渗层,采用SEM、EDS和XRD分析了共渗层的结构及相组成,并对超级13Cr基体及共渗层的常温耐磨性进行了研究。结果表明:950℃下共渗5 h所制备的Cr-Y共渗层具有沉积+扩散分布的特征,渗层主要由Cr23C6、Cr7C3和CrFe7C0.45组成;在试验条件下,Cr-Y共渗层的耐磨性均明显优于超级13Cr基体,其磨损质量损失仅为基体的1/15,超级13Cr基体的磨损机理为犁削磨损和磨粒磨损;Cr-Y共渗层的磨损为GCr15在其表面的单向转移。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

INTRODUCTION TO PATENTS

The invention provides a method of making a mold which can reduce SOx generation rate while preventing decrease in hardening rate in the case of using sulfuric acid for a hardener composition. The method has a mixture step in which fire-resistant particles, a hardener composition and a binder composition are mixed to obtain a composition for a mold. The hardener composition contains sulfuric acid. In the mixture step, sodium carbonate is added. A molar ratio of the sulfuric acid to the sodium carbonate is 0.5 or more and 4.0 or less.     

China Foundry Week 2014

China Foundry Week, hosted by the Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society （FICMES） each year, is a large academic event in China. It is one of the ten high-impact activities sponsored by the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society.     

17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering Call for papers

正1.Contents In order to promote the academic exchanges and technical communication of the research in the field of fluid power transmission and control,fluid control engineering specialized committee of the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics will hold the 17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering on July 27-29,2014 in Tibet,Lhasa city.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.     

Formulas of Tension of Continuous Rolling Process

The development of computer controlled continuous rolling process calls for a mathematical expression that can express the inequality condition of "constant flow". Tension is the link of the continuous rolling process. From the condition of dynamic equilibrium, a differential equation of tension is given out. On the basis of the physical rules established from the industrial practice and experimental studies, the law of volume constancy, the linear relation of forward slip and tension, the state equation of continuous rolling, the formula of dynamic tension, and the formula of static tension have been obtained. These formulae reflect the functional relations between tensions, thickness, roll velocity, and time in the continuous rolling process. It is implied that the continuous rolling process is a gradually steady, controllable, and measurable dynamic system. An assumption of predicting the thickness of a steel plate using these tension formulae is also put forward.