开孔泡沫铝导电性的研究

本文采用加压渗流方法制备开孔结构的泡沫铝,并通过调整工艺参数改变泡沫铝的孔径和相对密度.采用“直流四端电极”法测量了不同参数泡沫铝的电阻,研究开孔泡沫铝的导电性随其相对密度和孔径的变化规律.实验结果表明：随着相对密度的提高,开孔泡沫铝的电导率增大,且电导率随相对密度的改变呈指数关系变化;当相对密度参数基本相同时,随着泡沫铝孔径的减小,由于在制备过程中产生的结构缺陷增多,其电导性下降.     

粉末冶金法制备SiC_p/2024Al泡沫复合材料的表征(英文)

为了丰富泡沫材料制备工艺、推动其快速发展与广泛应用,以CaCO3为发泡剂采用粉末冶金法制备SiCp/2024Al泡沫复合材料。采用SEM和Magiscan-2A图像分析仪研究了CaCO3发泡剂和SiC颗粒的含量对发泡行为的影响,并且通过Gleeble 1500热模拟机分析了SiC颗粒的含量对压缩性能的影响。结果表明:随着发泡剂的增多,孔隙率和孔径先增加后减小。随着增强体含量的增加,孔隙率和孔径都减小。压缩曲线揭示加入增强体可以改善压缩屈服强度和吸能能力。SiCp/2024Al泡沫复合材料显示为脆性泡沫材料。     

高强度碳化硅泡沫陶瓷的制备及其抗压强度研究

选用Al2O3、Y2O3作为烧结助剂,通过有机模板复制法及多次浸渍涂覆工艺制备出高强度碳化硅泡沫陶瓷材料。系统地研究了原料组成、烧结温度等工艺参数对制得的碳化硅泡沫陶瓷物相组成、宏观结构、微观结构的影响,同时对陶瓷的气孔率、力学性能等进行了测试。结果表明:通过选取不同PPI值的有机泡沫模板,泡沫陶瓷宏观孔径可控;随着涂覆次数的增加,陶瓷体孔径减小、孔棱直径增加;随着烧结温度的提高,孔棱致密度增加,抗压强度显著提高;在1700℃下获得了20PPI值,气孔率为77%,抗压强度达2.48MPa的碳化硅泡沫陶瓷。     

Preparation and characterization of SiCp/2024Al composite foams by powder metallurgy

SiC_p/2024Al composite foams were manufactured by powder metallurgical methods using foaming agent CaCO₃ in order to enrich the foam fabrication process and promote its development and extensive application. The effects of CaCO₃ and SiC volume fractions on the foaming behaviours were investigated by means of SEM and Magiscan-2A image analysis technique. The influence of SiC content on the compressive behaviour was analyzed using Gleeble 1500 thermal simulation testing machine. The experimental results show that with increasing the foaming agent, the porosity and pore dimension increase first and decrease later. With increasing the reinforcement content, the porosity and pore dimension decrease. The compressive curves reveal that the introduction of SiC particles can improve compressive yield strength and energy absorption capacity. Meanwhile, it is found that SiC_p/2024Al composite foams are the brittle foam materials.     

胞状AlCu5Mn合金泡沫的压缩性能和能量吸收特性

用熔体发泡法制备孔隙率为51.5%～90.5%、孔结构均匀的胞状铝合金(AlCu5Mn),研究其孔结构、压缩性能、能量吸收能力、能量吸收效率和吸能性能.结果表明:胞状铝合金孔结构由高孔隙率(88.8%)时的大孔径、多边形孔向低孔隙率(62.5%)时的小孔径、球形孔孔结构过渡,其压缩应力(σ)-应变(ε)曲线具有线性变形阶段、屈服平台阶段和致密化阶段三个部分,由线性变形阶段进入屈服平台阶段所对应的ε_s值介于2%～9%之间;屈服强度σ_s~*随着孔隙率的增大而下降,在孔隙率相同的条件下,胞状铝合金的力学性能优于胞状铝和多孔铝合金,其比刚度高于钢;当应变为定值时,胞状铝合金单位体积和单位质量的压缩吸能能力(C和C_m)都随着孔隙率的升高而降低,但是孔隙率在73.5%～82.1%范围内时,其C_m与ε的关系几乎不随孔隙率的改变而改变;对于孔隙率为51.5%～90.5%的胞状铝合金,它们的吸能效率的峰值都大于80%.胞状铝合金的C-σ和C_m-σ关系可以表征其吸能性能,从而可以根据实际工况选择作为减振吸能材料的胞状铝合金的最佳孔结构.     

开孔泡沫Fe-Ni的电磁屏蔽性能

利用专利技术制备了开孔泡沫Fe-Ni材料,并对其电磁屏蔽效能进行了研究。结果表明,在0.03～1500MHz的频率范围内,开孔泡沫Fe-Ni的屏蔽效能在60～85dB之间,屏蔽效能良好;而在0.03～400MHz范围内,其屏蔽效能与铝合金板的屏蔽效能相当。开孔泡沫Fe-Ni的电磁屏蔽效能主要受泡沫结构的影响,随着开孔孔径以及泡沫体孔隙率的减小其电磁屏蔽效能增加显著。而当材料的孔径以及厚度一定时,泡沫体孔隙率的变化对电磁屏蔽效能的影响较其他因素小。     

二元孔结构对开孔泡沫铝力学性能的影响

采用有限元模拟了不同孔径比和体积比的二元孔径结构对开孔泡沫铝力学性能的影响,并取得了相应参数.用渗流法制备出相应孔参数的泡沫铝,并对其进行压缩试验加以验证.模拟和实验结果均表明,当泡沫铝的孔结构由大、小孔按一定的尺寸比和体积比组成时,泡沫铝的强度和刚度显著提高,孔径尺寸比和体积比分别为0.40～0.45和0.07～0.12是最优的.     

Sound absorption property of open-pore aluminum foams

The sound absorption property of aluminum foam was studied by testing its sound absorption coefficients using standing wave tube method. The open-pore aluminum foams were prepared by infiltration process, with pore size of 0.5 mm to 3.2 mm and porosity of 54.2% to 77%. The frequency of indicted sound wave was ranging from 125 Hz to 10 kHz. The results show that the average values of sound absorption coefficients are all over 0.4 and the aluminum foam has better sound absorption property, its coefficients is influenced by frequency and pore structure, and reaches the maximum at about 1 kHz, with increasing porosity and decreasing cell diameter the sound absorption coefficient values increase.     

CaCl2作为造孔剂制备泡沫青铜的结构和力学性能

以青铜粉为原料、CaCl_2为造孔剂,采用粉末烧结溶解法制备开孔泡沫青铜。通过改变造孔剂体积分数和粒径成功制备出孔隙率为70%~90%,孔径1~3mm的泡沫青铜试样。研究了孔隙率和造孔剂的关系以及孔隙率、孔径对泡沫试样力学性能的影响,并对其孔结构,相组成和微观形貌进行观察和分析。结果表明:泡沫青铜试样的塑性屈服平台应力随孔隙率增加而减小,当孔隙率为77%~89%时,对应塑性屈服平台应力为12.6~2.6MPa。当应变量为50%时,孔隙率为77%~89%的泡沫青铜单位体积能量吸收值(W)范围为6.21~0.91MJ/m~3。试样的理想吸能效率(I)都接近0.82,说明泡沫青铜可以作为一种理想的吸能材料。     

Fabrication of Al-Mg-Re foams and their corrosion resistance properties

Al-2 wt.% Mg-Re foams with relatively small pore size (∼1 mm) were fabricated by the melt foaming method with the addition of titanium hydride as a blowing agent. The corrosion resistance properties of the Al-Mg-Re foams have been studied and the results compared with those of Al foam and Al-5 wt.% Cu foam. The results show that in order to get Al-Mg-Re alloy foams with good pore structures, Ca and Mg should be added to the pure Al melt before adding the blowing agent; the corrosion resistance properties of Al-Mg-Re foams are better than those of Al foam and Al-Cu foams.     

A symmetric and interconnected skeleton structural (SISS) model for predicting thermal and electrical conductivity and Young’s modulus of porous foams

A symmetric and interconnected skeleton structural (SISS) model is proposed for predicting the thermal and electrical conductivities and Young’s modulus of open-cell foams with hollow and solid struts. The model predicted the effective thermal and electrical conductivities of solid-strut aluminium foams and other open-cell foams for the entire porosity range. The SISS model provided upper and lower bounds for the effective thermal conductivity and Young’s modulus of hollow-strut open-cell nickel foams. The SISS model was also found to predict the effective thermal conductivity of closed-cell graphite foams, and the effective electrical conductivity and Young’s modulus of closed-cell aluminium foams with reasonable accuracy. By analogy, the SISS model might also be applied to other physical properties.     

泡沫镁宏微观结构表征及压缩性能研究

针对熔体发泡法制备泡沫镁存在的困难,使用包覆发泡剂及改进工艺成功制得泡孔均匀的泡沫镁试样。利用OM、SEM、EDS及XRD等分析手段对试样进行宏微观结构表征,结果表明：泡沫镁试样宏观孔以典型的闭孔结构为主,但也存在一些连通孔及少量大孔,它们多是宏观裂纹的产生及扩展位置。泡孔内壁存在一些褶皱缺陷,且弥散分布着许多反应产生的MgO和CaO颗粒,压缩变形过程中,这些部位易产生应力集中,促进微裂纹的形成与扩展。孔壁上主要分布着碳化硅颗粒及生成的Mg2Ca相。测试分析了孔隙率和孔径对泡沫镁压缩力学性能和能量吸收性能的影响,并深入研究其压缩破坏机理,研究发现：随着孔隙率的降低,泡沫镁弹性变形增大,屈服强度升高;随着孔径的增大,泡沫镁屈服强度及平台应力明显减小,表现出显著的孔径效应。随着孔隙率的升高或孔径的增大,泡沫镁的能量吸收性能显著降低。泡沫镁的破坏为解理脆性断裂,这与孔壁组织及镁基体性质有很大的关系。     

以CaCO3为发泡剂制备泡沫ZL104过程中工艺参数的探讨

以CaCO3粉末和SiC颗粒分别作为发泡剂和稳定剂,采用液态法制备了泡沫ZL104,确定了发泡温度,并分析了制备过程中CaCO3加入量和保温时间对泡沫ZL104孔径和孔隙率的影响规律。结果发现:泡沫ZL104的发泡温度应选为700℃;CaCO3加入量的增加会导致泡沫ZL104的孔隙率呈非线性增大,加入量超过2%(质量分数)时,对孔隙率的影响不显著,故CaCO3的加入量应该控制在2%以内;保温时间在2~8min以内时不会发生气泡合并和破裂。     

渗流法制备高孔隙率多孔铝

采用负压渗流铸造法,通过控制铝熔体浇铸量,制备了高孔隙率(70%～90%)、高通孔度(25%～50%)的多孔铝;研究了渗流驱动压力、铝熔体浇铸温度及模具预热温度对渗流过程的影响;测试了多孔铝的渗透系数,并分析了孔结构对渗透系数的影响.结果表明:通过正交实验选择渗流参数,可以降低多孔铝在渗流方向上的孔隙率梯度;多孔铝的渗透系数与其孔结构密切相关:对于相同孔径的多孔铝,渗透系数随孔隙率增大而提高;在孔隙率相同的条件下,随着孔径增大,表面积减小,摩擦阻力减小,渗透系数相应增大.     

孔隙密度对化学气相沉积泡沫金刚石导热性能的影响

选择不同孔隙密度的泡沫铜为沉积衬底,通过化学气相沉积(chemical vapor deposition, CVD)技术在其表面沉积连续金刚石膜,借助有限元模拟阐释泡沫骨架的孔隙密度对金刚石膜整体传热效果的影响,并通过扫描电镜、拉曼光谱及红外热成像仪等对不同孔隙密度的泡沫金刚石微观形貌、膜层成分以及热扩散性能进行对比与分析。结果表明:高孔隙密度泡沫衬底更有利于热量传递,但其极小的泡沫孔径会限制自由基在孔隙内部流动,CVD沉积的金刚石晶粒尺寸明显减小,仅有2～3 μm,晶粒质量也略逊于中、低孔隙密度样品的。在相同加热时间内的红外热成像中,中孔隙密度泡沫金刚石的表面升温速率相比低、高孔隙密度样品的升温速率分别提升43.4%与12.7%。综上所述,兼具良好三维连通特性与优异金刚石质量的中孔隙密度泡沫金刚石表现出更为优异的导热性能,是更理想的导热增强体选择。      

工艺因素对PCM法制备泡沫铝孔结构的影响

介绍了Al粉球磨时间、Mg粉添加量、TiH2的氧化时间三个工艺因素的交互作用对PCM法制备泡沫铝孔结构的影响。得出影响试验结果的首要因素是TiH2的氧化时间,其次是Al粉球磨时间、Mg粉添加量。当TiH2的氧化时间为10 min、Al粉球磨时间为85min、Mg粉添加量为0.5%时,得到的泡沫铝试样孔隙率为84.2%,平均当量圆直径为1.901 mm,平均圆形度为0.754。     

The effect of porosity on the elasticity of pure titanium: An atomistic simulation

The effects of the porosity, size, shape and mutual connectivity of pores on the elastic property of pure titanium were investigated using an atomistic simulation (molecular statics). The study concluded that the elasticity of porous Ti is mainly governed by its porosity. The results showed that the size and shape of the pores do not have a significant effect as long as the pores are separated from each other. The interconnection of the pores contributes to further decrease the elasticity than expected from the porosity of samples with isolated pores, and can be thought to be an important factor to further reduce the elasticity of porous load-bearing implant metals. In addition, the atomistic calculation proved to be a successful approach to use with experiments testing the effect of porosity on elastic property, and could be further developed to deal with Ti alloys that have more complex distribution and pore shapes.     

Prediction of porosity characteristics of aluminium castings based on X-ray CT measurements

Porosity is a main factor limiting the fatigue performance of aluminium castings. Using micro X-ray computed tomography, size and morphology characteristics of porosity distributions are analysed for material from a cast Al–8Si–3Cu–(Sr) crankcase as well as from cast Al–8Si–3Cu–(Sr), Al–7Si–0·5Cu–Mg–(Sr) and Al–7Si–0·5Cu–Mg–(Na) cylinder heads. Correlations are developed between the porosity volume percentage and mean and maximum pore sizes. Two characteristic size measures of the porosity distribution are identified: the volume weighted spherical mean diameter and the volume weighted mean envelope diameter. Both correlate linearly with the corresponding diameters of the largest pore. The pore morphology is described by a volume weighted mean sphericity. This mean sphericity and the local amount of porosity are used to predict the mean and maximum pore sizes of the porosity distributions. These correlations will find applications in integrated computational materials engineering.     

Thermal Conductivity in Suspension Sprayed Thermal Barrier Coatings: Modeling and Experiments

Axial suspension plasma spraying (ASPS) can generate microstructures with higher porosity and pores in the size range from submicron to nanometer. ASPS thermal barrier coatings (TBC) have already shown a great potential to produce low thermal conductivity coatings for gas turbine applications. It is important to understand the fundamental relationships between microstructural defects in ASPS coatings such as crystallite boundaries, porosity etc. and thermal conductivity. Object-oriented finite element (OOF) analysis has been shown as an effective tool for evaluating thermal conductivity of conventional TBCs as this method is capable of incorporating the inherent microstructure in the model. The objective of this work was to analyze the thermal conductivity of ASPS TBCs using experimental techniques and also to evaluate a procedure where OOF can be used to predict and analyze the thermal conductivity for these coatings. Verification of the model was done by comparing modeling results with the experimental thermal conductivity. The results showed that the varied scaled porosity has a significant influence on the thermal conductivity. Smaller crystallites and higher overall porosity content resulted in lower thermal conductivity. It was shown that OOF could be a powerful tool to predict and rank thermal conductivity of ASPS TBCs.     

基于有限元法的涡流传感器设计

针对某特殊形状输油管的涡流检测需求,提出了弧形线圈涡流探头的设计思路。建立了输油管及探头的有限元模型,实现了单个线圈不同尺寸、不同匝数、不同激励频率下试件有／无裂纹情况下阻抗的仿真计算,给出了阻抗相对变化率。试验结果表明,有限元仿真研究与实际结果有较好的一致性,可用于指导特殊涡流传感器的设计。