Pd-AgNbO3光催化剂的合成及其光催化活性研究

研究了温度为150℃,电流密度为5.0×103A/cm2的条件下电迁移对Ni/Sn/Ni-P(Au)线性接头中界面反应的影响.结果表明电流方向对Ni-P层的消耗起着决定作用.当Ni-P层为阴极时,电迁移加速了Ni-P层的消耗,即随着电迁移时间的延长,Ni-P层的消耗显著增加;电迁移100 h后Ni-P层消耗了5.88 μm,电迁移200 h后Ni-P层消耗了13.46μm.在Sn/Ni-P的界面上形成了一层Ni2SnP化合物而没有观察到Ni3Sn4化合物的存在,多孔状的Ni3P层位于Ni2SnP化合物与Ni-P层之间.当Ni-P层为阳极时,在电迁移过程中并没有发现Ni-P层的明显消耗,在Sn/Ni-P的界面处生成层状的Ni3Sn4化合物,其厚度随着电迁移时间的延长而缓慢增加,电迁移200 h后Ni3Sn4层的厚度达到1.81 μm.     

Photocatalytic activity of cation(Mn) and anion(N) substitution in LaCoO_3 nanoperovskite under visible light

LaCoO_3 compound and novel photocatalysts of LaCo_(0.8)Mn_(0.2)O_3 and N-doped LaCoO_3 were synthesized by sol-gel method.The structure,morphology,size of particles and optical properties of the obtained powders were characterized by X-ray diffractometer(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and ultraviolet-visible(UV-Vis)(DRS mode) spectroscopy.The perovskite structure obtained for all the prepared samples and doping Mn and N do not change the perovskite structure.SEM results revealed that the size of particles of all perovskites was less than 100 nm.Compared to that of parent LaCoO_3,the band gap energy of LaCo_(0.8)Mn_(0.2)O_3 and N-doped LaCoO_3 considerably reduced due to the formation of impurity level.The photocatalytic activity of all samples was evaluated by the degradation of malachite green as a model dye under visible light irradiation.The discoloration induced by LaCo_(0.8)Mn_(0.2)O_3 was twice that induced by pure LaCoO_3 because of Mn ions with variable valance and smaller band gap energy.The nitrogen incorporation also significantly improved the photocatalytic activity of LaCoO_3 due to more oxygen vacancies and the stronger absorption in visible region.In general,doping has been served as one of the most efficient methods for the improvement in band gap of photocatalysts.     

CeO_2:Eu~(3+)纳米晶的溶剂热合成及其发光性能

采用溶剂热技术成功合成晶粒小于100 nm的CeO_2-Eu~(3+)和CeO_2纳米晶,其中CeO_2-Eu~(3+)样品在紫外光激发下发出明亮的橙红色光.用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、傅立叶红外(FT-IR)、紫外漫反射(UV-vis)和光致发光(PL)等手段对产品的结构和性能进行分析和表征.结果表明:CeO_2-Eu~(3+)是纯立方萤石结构的单晶粉末;Eu~(3+)已成功掺入CeO_2晶格中,纳米级的CeO_2-Eu~(3+)和CeO_2的带隙能量分别是2.831和2.925 eV;CeO_2-Eu~(3+)纳米晶在593、612、632 nm处具有较强的发射峰(橙红光),而且较高的退火温度有利于提高样品的晶化度和荧光强度.     

Preparation of doping titania antibacterial powder by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis

Doping titania powders were synthesized by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method from an aqueous solution containing H2TiF6 and AgNO3. The effects of the processing parameters on particle size distribution, structure, and morphology of doping particles were investigated. The results show that aggregation-free spherical particles with average diameter of 200-600 nm are obtained and the particle size of the powder can be controlled by adjusting the concentration of solution. The experimental approach indicates that the size and the value of standard deviation of particle size increase from 210 nm to 450 nm and from 0.46 to 0.73 respectively with the increase of the titanic ion concentration from 0.05 to 0.4 mol/L. Composite TiOF2 is obtained when the pyrolysis temperature is set to be 400 ℃. With increasing pyrolysis temperature from 400 ℃ to 800 ℃, the crystal size of titania powders increases from 14.1 to 26.5 nm and TiOF2 content of powder decreases dramatically. The property of ion released from powder is affected significantly by the pyrolysis temperature, and the amount of fluorine ion and silver ion released from powder decrease with increasing pyrolysis temperature. The optical property of doping titania powders is not affected by pyrolysis temperature. Antibacterial test results show that composite powders containing more fluorine ions exhibit stronger antibacterial activity against E.coli.     

Zn1-xCoxO纳米稀磁半导体的光催化性能

通过水热法合成了不同掺杂比例的一维Zn1-xCoxO(x=0,0.03,0.06和0.09)纳米棒,并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)、紫外可见光吸收光谱(UV-vis)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)等研究了样品的晶体结构、形貌、磁性能、光吸收性能和光催化性能。结果表明:不同掺杂比例的Zn1-xCoxO均为结晶良好的六方纤锌矿结构,Co2+以替代Zn2+的形式进入到ZnO晶格中。样品形貌为一维纳米棒状结构,分散性良好。Co掺杂ZnO使得样品的能带隙减小,可见光吸收增加。掺杂样品在室温下具有明显的铁磁性,掺杂样品能增强降解有机染料罗丹明B(RhB)的光催化活性。     

A strategy to achieve efficient green-emission dual-mode luminescence of Yb~(3+), Er~(3+) doped NaBiF_4

A series of hexagonal phase NaBiF_4: x Yb~(3+) ,y Er~(3+)were successfully synthesized by solvothermal method. The morphology, phase structure, up-conversion luminescence and down-conversion luminescence properties of Yb~(3+) and Er~(3+) doping concentration and the energy transfer mechanism were studied. It shows that the doping of Yb~(3+) and Er~(3+) does not cause the phase transition of NaBiF_4, but influences its morphology. In the NaBiF_4:Yb~(3+) , Er~(3+), Yb~(3+) can transfer energy with Er~(3+), enhancing up-conversion green emission. With Yb~(3+) doping concentration increasing, the up-conversion red-green ratio will increase while the down-conversion intensity of the green emission decreases and that of the red emission increases. Considering the potential application of Na BiF_4:x Yb~(3+) , y Er~(3+) phosphors in optical illumination, the thermal stability was carried out.     

Influence of rare-earth ions on structural and magnetic properties of CdFe<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript> ferrites

Nano-sized powders of rare-earth ions added CdFe2O4 ferrites were synthesized by oxalate co-precipitation method.The influence of R ions(R = Sm3+, Y3+, and La3+) on the microstructure and magnetic properties of CdFe2O4 ferrites was studied.XRD, SEM, FTIR, and magnetic hysteresis loops were used for analyzing the samples.The addition of R ions alters the structure of the powders and decreases the crystalline size, lattice constant, and grain size.The magnetic properties such as saturation magnetization, rema...     

Synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic activity of NaNbO3/ZnO heterojunction photocatalysts

A series of NaNbO₃/ZnO heteronanostructures were synthesized with the hydrothermal method. Various characterization methods such as X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) and diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) were employed to investigate the structure, morphology and photocatalytic properties. The photocatalytic activity of the catalysts was evaluated by the degradation of methylene blue dye and the highest photocatalytic efficiency was observed when the content of NaNbO₃ was 10 wt.%. The photocatalytic mechanism of the heterojunction was also discussed. The effective transformation of the photoexcited electron and holes restricted the recombination of charges, which was regarded as the main reason of the high photocatalytic activity.     

掺杂离子对Gd2O2S:Eu3+磷光体结构和发光性能的影响

采用高温固相反应法制备出新型红色长余辉发光材料Gd2O2S:Eu3+,Xn+(X为Mg、Si、Ti中的一种或两种),研究掺杂离子对Gd2O2S:Eu3+磷光体的晶体结构、形貌粒度和发光性能的影响。通过X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和分光光度计等对合成产物进行分析与表征。结果表明:掺杂离子没有改变Gd2O2S:Eu3+磷光体的晶体结构,颗粒的形貌为类球形,分散性良好。同时,掺杂离子显著地延长发光材料Gd2O2S:Eu3+的余辉时间,并显示纯正的红色发光。     

Purifying behavior of photocatalytic TiO2 anodized in nitrate ion containing solution

Mesoporous titanium dioxide films were fabricated on titanium plates by micro-arc oxidation method. To increase the photocatalytic activity of the films, NH₄NO₃ was added to the H₂SO₄ solution, and anodizing was carried out at high voltages using a DC power supply. The crystal structure, chemical composition, surface morphology and the optical property of the films were investigated by XPS, XRD, UV-VIS spectroscopy and SEM. The photocatalytic activity of the films was evaluated by the decomposition of aniline blue, and the activity of the films for the degradation turned out to be improved by the additives to the electrolyte solution. The enhanced photocatalytic activity might result from the increased porosity and nitrate ion incorporation into the anodic films by micro arcing, and thereby the TiO₂ layer might exhibit an improved absorption property for the visible light.     

La~(3+)掺杂TiO_2粉体的化学沉淀法制备条件优化

采用化学沉淀法制备La~(3+)掺杂TiO_2粉体,并用正交实验方法对制备工艺进行优化,通过SEM、XRD、XPS和UV-Vis对TiO_2粉体的形貌、结构、光吸收性能进行了表征。结果表明:煅烧温度和La~(3+)掺杂量对TiO_2粉体光吸收性能具有显著影响;不同煅烧温度得到的La~(3+)掺杂TiO_2均以锐钛矿结构为主;升高煅烧温度可以增强La~(3+)掺杂TiO_2在紫外光波段的吸光强度;La~(3+)掺杂可以改善TiO_2粉体的团聚,减小TiO_2的禁带宽度,同时导致TiO_2表面吸附一定数量的羟基。最优的制备条件为:煅烧温度800℃,La~(3+)掺杂量0.6%(摩尔分数),反应温度为90℃,反应液pH值为8,此条件下获得的TiO_2粉体可见光性能最优。     

Solubility of YAG:Nd in borate glass-luminescence and Raman investigation

YAG:Nd powders obtained by grinding a single crystal and synthesized by modified sol-gel and combustion methods were embedded at the stage of melting in a multicomponent borate glass to obtain luminescent glass-ceramic systems. Room temperature optical absorption spectra, luminescence spectra at room temperature and at 10 K and micro-Raman spectra were recorded to determine the location of Nd³⁺ ions in composite materials. It has been concluded that their luminescence characteristics depend critically on the preparation method hence the morphology of precursor crystalline YAG:Nd powders as a consequence of dissimilar solubility of crystallites in a host glass.     

Photocatalytic Property of Nanostructured S Doped TiO2 Films Prepared by the Micro Plasma Method

以钛为基体,在较短的时间内,采用微等离子体氧化法制备了TiO2薄膜。以罗丹明B溶液为目标污染物测试所得TiO2薄膜光催化性能。为提高所得TiO2薄膜的光催化性能,向电解液中添加了不同浓度的CH4N2S,制备S掺杂TiO2薄膜。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、光电子能谱（EDS）和X射线衍射仪（XRD）表征S掺杂前后所得的TiO2薄膜表面形貌、元素组成和晶体结构。结果表明,所得TiO2薄膜为多孔状,孔径大小均一。电解液中的CH4N2S浓度对微孔密度和孔径影响较大,S掺杂能使多孔TiO2微孔密度增大, 比表面积增大。但S对TiO2晶相组成影响不大,对晶胞参数有所影响。S掺杂可有效提高TiO2的光催化活性, 其中当电解液中的CH4N2S为6.0 g/L时,对初始浓度为10 mg/L罗丹明B溶液120 min的降解率可达到98%, 表现出最强的光降解能力。     

金属离子强化铁闪锌矿浮选精矿的生物浸出

考察了金属离子Cu2 、Fe3 和Fe2 等对铁闪锌矿浮选精矿生物浸出的影响,并与无菌条件下对铁闪锌矿浸出的影响进行比较.结果表明:Cu2 、Fe3 和Fe2 等金属离子在一定浓度范围内都可以促进铁闪锌矿的生物浸出;在无菌条件下,除Fe2 外,Cu2 和Fe3 离子仍对铁闪锌矿溶解有一定的促进作用.电化学测试和X射线衍射分析表明:添加Cu2 和Fe3 等离子将影响铁闪锌矿电极发生的电化学反应和浸渣组成;添加Cu2 离子可取代矿物基质晶格中的Zn而生成CuS沉淀,并与锌矿产生原电池效应而促进浸出过程;Fe3 和Fe2 两种离子强化铁闪锌矿生物浸出的机理本质上一致,均可以提高浸出液中氧化剂浓度和促进细菌生长与生物活性.     

二氧化钛纳米粉体的可控水热合成研究

采用TiCl_4为原料,用水热法合成了二氧化钛纳米粉体,讨论了水热反应条件对二氧化钛粉体结构和微观形貌的影响.结果表明:在0.5～1.0 mol/L TiCl_4, 130～190 ℃, 3～9 h的水热条件下,合成的TiO_2纳米粉体属于金红石相;TiO_2的形貌和尺寸与原料浓度、反应时间和反应温度密切相关,随着原料浓度的增加、反应温度的升高以及反应时间的延长,TiO_2形貌由球形纳米粒子向纳米棒转变,其尺寸也随之增大.     

Sr0.8Re0.2Fe11.8Co0.2O19(Re=La,Nd)的制备、表征及吸波性能

采用溶胶凝胶法,制备Sr0.8Re0.2Fe11.8Co0.2O19(Re=La,Nd)复合铁氧体。采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、振动样品磁强计和矢量网络分析仪表征粉体的结构及电磁性能。结果表明:得到的粉体为纯净的磁铅石型铁氧体,La3+掺杂样品的各项性能明显改善。在室温条件下,稀土离子掺杂后样品的Ms受到稀土离子掺杂的影响较小,Hc则明显提高;La^3+掺杂样品和Nd3+掺杂样品的Ms值接近,前者的Hc值则明显强于后者的,Sr0.8La0.2Fe11.8Co0.2O19的Ms和Hc分别为58.08A m^2/kg和362.0kA/m。稀土离子掺杂使铁氧体样品的复介电常数(ε′和ε″)增大,与Nd3+掺杂样品相比,La3+掺杂样品的介电损耗和磁损耗改善更为明显。利用传输线理论优化设计时发现,在1.2~2.4 mm之间,随着厚度的增加,Sr0.8La0.2Fe11.8Co0.2O19的反射率峰值先减少后增加,逐渐向低频移动;在厚度为2.0 mm时,其反射率峰值达到最小值为27.8 dB(11.8 GHz),小于10 dB的吸波带宽为5.2 GHz(9.5~14.7 GHz)。     

Ag+掺杂ZnWO4纳米棒的微波水热法合成及光催化性能

以硝酸锌(Zn(NO3)2·6H2O)、和钨酸钠(Na2WO4·2H2O)作为起始反应物,利用微波水热法在200℃下合成纳米棒状钨酸锌。利用X-射线粉末衍射、场发射扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜及能谱成分图谱等分析手段对纳米棒状钨酸锌粉体进行表征,并对不同Ag+掺杂量的ZnWO4纳米棒的光催化性能进行了研究。结果表明:Ag+成功的掺入ZnWO4纳米棒中;随着Ag+掺杂量的增加ZnWO4纳米棒的颗粒尺寸也不断增大;Ag+掺杂量2%时纳米棒状钨酸锌粉体的光催化性能最优,但是随着掺杂量的逐渐增加光催化性能反而降低。     

Influence of rare-earth ions on structural and magnetic properties of CdFe_2O_4 ferrites

Nano-sized powders of rare-earth ions added CdFe2O4 ferrites were synthesized by oxalate co-precipitation method.The influence of R ions(R = Sm3+, Y3+, and La3+) on the microstructure and magnetic properties of CdFe2O4 ferrites was studied.XRD, SEM, FTIR, and magnetic hysteresis loops were used for analyzing the samples.The addition of R ions alters the structure of the powders and decreases the crystalline size, lattice constant, and grain size.The magnetic properties such as saturation magnetization, remanent magnetization, and magnetic moment increased due to addition of rare-earth ions in CdFe2O4 ferrite.The formation of secondary phase on the grain boundaries supports the abnormal growth.FTIR spectra show two absorption bands.Results suggest that the magnetic properties depend on the particular method of preparation and additives.     

A novel photocatalyst and improvement of photocatalytic properties by Cu doping

A new series of photocatalysts, Bi₂Zn_2/3−xCu_xTa_4/3O₇ (Cu-β-BZT) crystals with pyrochlore structure were synthesized by the method of solid-state reaction (SSR). With small amount of Cu doped (0.01 ≤ x ≤ 0.04), the phase structure was kept to be monoclinic pyrochlore as pure β-BZT. The diffuse reflectance spectrum of Cu-β-BZT samples showed a red shift. The method of Cu doping enhanced the photocatalytic activity, and when the value of x is 0.03, the sample showed the highest activity, which is about 10 times higher than that of pure β-BZT under UV light. Especially, the samples of Cu-β-BZT showed photocatalytic activities under visible light irradiation (λ > 400 nm). Effects of the Cu doped on the photocatalytic activities of the catalysts were also discussed.     

Semiconducting of nanocrystalline tin oxide and its influence factors

1 INTRODUCTIONSnO2has non-stoichiometric structure and itsconductivity critically originates from oxygen va-cancies initself ,but the content of oxygen vacan-cies in materials is usually difficult to control .Doped SnO2with Sb, Mo and Fis often availablefor applications to various areas such as displays ,electrochromic windows , gas sensors , catalysts ,rechargeable Li batteries and optical electronic de-vices[1 7].Specially Sb is the best dopant ,becauseSnO2is of the preferable conduc…