形变诱导法半固态加热工艺参数对LY12合金组织和晶粒尺寸的影响

对LY12合金采用形变诱导法制备半固态合金料坯的组织演变过程进行了观察，对变形率、半固态温度、半固态保温时间对合金半固组织和晶粒尺寸的影响进行了研究。组织演变过程观察表明：用形变诱导法制备该合金半固态坯料的合适的半固态重熔温度为618℃；合金在该温度重熔过程中，形变带状组织首先分解为细小的a多边形晶粒，随保温时间的延长，晶粒尺寸逐渐变大，同时a相逐渐球化；在相同的半固态温度和相同的保温时间下，宏观变形率大的晶粒尺寸要比变形率小的合金组织晶粒尺寸小；变形率大的试样比变形率小的液相出现时间早；在同一宏观变形率下，试校内部微观形变大的部位晶粒尺寸要比形变小的部位晶粒尺寸小。     

冷变形对LC9铝合金等温转变半固态组织的影响

对冷变形金属进行等温加热转变制备半固态LC9铝合金坯料，并对其工艺过程及组织演变进行了研究，讨论了变形量、加热温度和保温时间等工艺参数对LC9铝合金组织的影响。结果表明，对冷变形金属采用等温处理，可获得均匀、细小的半固态坯料，很好地满足半固态制坯的要求；增加变形量使组织中的液相比例明显增加，晶粒尺寸变小；提高加热温度或延长保温时间有利于晶粒粒化，但是过高的温度和保温时间，会加快晶粒长大，促使晶粒粗化。     

半固态ZnAl 27合金及其二次加热组织

研究了半固态ZnAl27合金及其二次加热组织。结果表明，半固态ZnAl27合金基本无宏观偏析，其组织为细小均匀的近球形非枝晶，综合力学性能远远高于常规铸造合金；二次加热后，α相进一步球化，边缘变得光滑圆整，可以满足半固态触变成形的需要。     

轧制-重熔SIMA法制备ZCuSn10合金半固态坯料

采用轧制-重熔的SIMA法制备了ZCuSn10合金半固态坯料,先将铸态ZCuSn10合金加热到450℃保温15 min,分别进行2~4道次轧制,然后截取试样进行重熔处理后水淬.比较了SIMA法和铸态-直接重熔工艺制备的ZCuSn10合金半固态组织,并利用SEM的EDS测定了组织中Sn的分布情况,用OM和TEM观察了SIMA法制备过程中试样组织变化,综合分析了SIMA法制备ZCuSn10合金半固态坯料过程中的组织演变机理.结果表明:采用轧制-重熔的SIMA法制备的ZCuSn10合金半固态组织固相晶粒均匀细小,圆整度高,19.7%预变形量875℃保温15 min半固态组织最优,其平均晶粒直径75.8μm,形状因子1.62,液相率17.28%;用SIMA法制备ZCuSn10合金半固态坯料,预变形过程对晶粒细化及球化起到了关键作用,随着预变形量和重熔保温温度的提高,半固态组织晶粒尺寸减小,圆整度提高,液相率增加;采用轧制-重熔的SIMA法制备ZCuSn10合金半固态组织球化的主要机理是预变形过程破碎了枝晶,储备了变形能,在重熔过程中促进了枝晶熔断,同时,由于Sn元素从液相中向a固相中扩散迁移,液相逐渐吞噬固相的尖角突出部分,最终生成细小、圆整的a相晶粒.     

等温热处理对过共晶铝硅合金半固态组织的影响

过共晶Al-17%Si-4.5%Cu-0.5%Mg合金通过0.6%Na 1.2%P-Cu变质处理获得初晶硅细小的微观组织。在固液两相区进行等温热处理，结合金相分析研究了组织的演化规律：等温热处理的初期，共晶硅经历了熔断、粒状化和粗化的过程；随着加热温度的提高和保温时间的延长，共晶体不断熔化成液相；液相体积分数逐渐增加，使液相薄膜包围着α相；α相由不规则形状向球状转化；α相的粗化和合并几乎同时进行，最终获得非常理想的半固态组织。     

喷射沉积Al-27%Si合金的半固态挤压成形

研究喷射沉积Al-27%Si合金的半固态挤压成形工艺及其对合金组织与性能的影响。结果表明:喷射沉积Al-27%Si合金在600℃下二次加热10~12 min后,合金液相体积分数适中,Si相尺寸相对细小,形貌为近球形,适合于半固态成形。经600℃二次加热10~12 min后,进行半固态挤压能消除喷射沉积合金中的孔隙,Si相比挤压前更加均匀细小,挤压棒材具有良好的表面质量和均匀的微观组织。经600℃二次加热12 min后,半固态挤压的合金可达到最高的相对密度(99.5%)、抗拉强度(195 MPa)和伸长率(6.7%)。     

变形程度对7A04合金半固态触变组织的影响

获得具有触变特性的均匀的、近球形的显微组织是半固态触变成形工艺的基础和关键。以挤压态7A04合金SIMA法生成触变组织为例．研究变形程度对其半固态触变组织的影响。结果表明：在加热前的变形程度对显微组织的影响很大，随着变形程度的增加，晶粒尺寸减小，晶粒形状越趋于球形；当变形程度超过0．3时，晶粒尺寸及其球形化速度逐渐减慢并趋于稳定值。此外，经过冷变形后，晶粒内及晶粒间的偏析减小，晶界易被低熔点液相浸润．更易获得均匀的、近球形的触变组织。     

ZL201合金半固态触变压铸的组织与性能

研究了ZL201合金半固态触变压铸组织与性能,包括半固态坯料的制备、二次加热、压铸成形和成形件的热处理.结果表明:采用低频电磁搅拌半连续铸造制备的ZL201合金半固态坯料的微观组织为均匀、细小的非枝晶,在630℃下保温20 min可获得均匀的近球形二次加热组织.半固态压铸件的组织为较大的棒状、近球状的初生固相和由细小枝晶、等轴晶组成的二次固相,而且组织致密、内部无气孔.半固态压铸件经过535℃固溶9h和175℃时效6h处理后,硬度最大为HV 116.6.     

Ti14钛合金半固态下的变形行为研究

研究了Ti14钛合金半固态条件下的变形行为。半固态变形后．由于液相的出现，加快了原子扩散的能力．其变形激活能明显高于钛合金固态变形时的激活能。结果表明，变形后，晶界、晶内液相长大，形成了宽化的晶界和网格状结构。     

Ti14钛合金半固态氧化和变形行为研究

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机研究了Ti14阻燃钛合金在990℃以上半固态条件下的氧化和变形行为，利用金相显微镜观察变形前后及氧化的微观组织形貌，采用X射线衍射(XRD)仪分析氧化层的组成，利用线扫描分析氧化层中元素分布。结果表明，半固态氧化温度升高，氧化增重急剧增加，表面氧化层中只存在Ti的氧化物，不存在Cu的氧化物，表面形成5层氧化层结构，熔融的晶界是氧向基体内扩散的优先通道；Ti14合金半固态变形中，晶界、晶内的Ti2Cu相熔融长大，形成宽化的晶界和网格状结构。     

Fabrication and microstructure evolution of semi-solid LY11 alloy by SIMA

For semi-solid metal forming, it is essential to fabricate the semi-solid materials with spheroidal microstructure. Among several fabrication techniques of the semi-solid materials, (strain-induced melt activation (SIMA) is an ideal candidate with the advantages of simplicity and low equipment costs. In this paper, the microstructure evolution of LY11 alloy (approximately corresponding to ASTM 2017) was investigated in the SIMA process, which had two essential stages: deformation and isothermal heat treatment. The deformation stage was conducted using a CSS-1100C material testing machine and the isothermal heat treatment stage was performed in a resistance furnace. Different levels of deformation temperatures, ram velocities, isothermal temperatures, and holding times were used in this investigation. The microstructure of LY11 alloy was observed by a NEOPHOT-1 optical microscope. The results indicated that the processing parameters must be selected properly to obtain the fine, uniform and spheroidal microstructure by SIMA. The deformation-recrystallization mechanism for microstructure evolution in SIMA process was supported by experimental evidence.     

Microstructural evolution of fine-grained ZA27 alloy during partial remelting

The microstructural evolution process of fined-grained ZA27 alloy during partial remelting has been investigated.The relationship between the as-cast and semi-solid microstructures has been discussed in particular.The results indicate that a semi-solid microstructure with small and spheroidal primary particles can be obtained when the Z.A27 alloy is partially remelted.The microstructural evolution can be divided into four stages,the initial coarsening of the dendrites due to coalescence of dendrite arms,structural separation resulted from the melting of residual interdendritic eutectic,spheroidization due to the partial melting of solid particles and final coarsening attributed to the coalescence and Ostwald ripening.An equiaxed dendrite in the as-cast microstructure may evolve into one spheroidal particle in the semi-solid microsturucture after being partially remelted.The more equiaxed the dendrites in an as-cast microstructure are,the more spheroidal the solid particles in the semi-solid microstructure will be.Finer primary particles could be obtained if the alloy with finer as-cast microstructure was partially remelted.However,due to the coalescence effect,their sizes cannot be reduced further if the refined as-cast microstructure reached a certain extent.     

Deformation and microstructure characterization during semi-solid extrusion of Al-4Cu-Mg alloy

Effects of the process parameters, including deformation temperature, punch velocity and extrusion ratio, on the deformation and microstructure characterization during the semi-solid extrusion of Al-4Cu-Mg alloy, were investigated. The experimental results show that the load decreases with an increase of deformation temperature and/or a decrease of punch velocity. When the displacement is more than 4 mm, the load decreases significantly with an increase of the deformation temperature, which is related to the high liquid fraction. The microstructure varies with the process parameters and deformation regions. It can be found that the dynamic recovery occurs during the semi-solid extrusion of Al-4Cu-Mg alloy at lower deformation temperature. Subsequently, the microstructure elongated gradually polygonizes with an increase of deformation temperature. So, the higher deformation temperature should be chosen during the semi-solid extrusion of Al-4Cu-Mg alloy because the grains polygonized and high liquid fractions are beneficial to deformation.     

半固态T12钢局部重熔组织的演变

对半固态高碳工具钢T12坯料在不同温度、不同保温时间下局部重熔后的组织演变进行了研究。结果表明,半固态T12钢坯料具有非枝晶和近球形的显微结构。半固态坯料局部重熔时,随着温度的升高和保温时间的延长,晶粒尺寸和圆整度都有所提高;局部重熔温度越高,保温时间越长,形状因子值越大、越接近1。     

AZ61合金半固态二次加热工艺及组织演变

研究了应力诱发熔体激活法(SIMA)制备的AZ61镁合金半固态坯料在二次加热时加热温度和保温时间对其组织的影响,研究表明,二次加热初期半固态组织首先熔合合并,随着保温时间延长,晶粒逐渐长大和球化,液相份数增加;保温温度越高,晶粒长大和球化速度加快。在592℃加热、保温20min~40min,可以获得均匀、圆整的半固态组织,晶粒大小为80μm~90μm,液相率为40%~42%。高于597℃时,试样重熔过程中易发生严重变形。     

Deformation characteristic of semi-solid ZCuSn10 copper alloy during isothermal compression

The compression tests were carried out by Gleeble-1500 thermo-mechanical simulator with samples of semi-solid ZCuSn10 alloy prepared by strain-induced melt activation(SIMA) process. The original microstructure and the deformation temperature of semi-solid ZCuSn10 alloy are different. The strain is 0.2, and the strain rate is 1 s~(-1) for the compression test. The results show that when the semi-solid ZCuSn10 alloy was prepared by SIMA process, the liquid fraction of semi-solid microstructure increases, and the solid grain is smaller,more uniform and more inclined to be round as the rolling pre-deformation increasing. The results also indicate that the deformation resistance of ZCuSn10 alloy in semi-solid state decreases with the deformation temperature increasing or the solid fraction of original microstructure decreasing. The stress–strain curves of the isothermal compression can be divided into quasi-elastic deformation stage and plastic deformation stage, and there are three deformation zones in the samples after isothermal compression, namely the difficult deformation zone, the large deformation zone and the free deformation zone. In the three deformation zones, the main deformation mechanism is flow of liquid incorporating solid particles(FLS)mechanism, plastic deformation of solid particles(PDS)mechanism and liquid flow(LF) combining with FLS mechanism, respectively.     

Deformation mechanism and forming properties of 6061Al alloys during compression in semi-solid state

The 6061 semi-solid aluminium alloy feedstocks prepared by near-liquidus casting were compressed in semi-solid state by means of Gleeble-3500 thermal-mechanical simulator. The relationship between the true stress and the true strain at different temperatures and strain rates was studied with the deformation degree of 70%. The microstructures during the deformation process were characterized. The deformation mechanism and thixo-forming properties of the semi-solid alloys were analyzed. The results show that the homogeneous and non-dendrite microstructures of semi-solid 6061Al alloy manufactured by near-liquidus casting technology could be transformed into semi-solid state with the microstructure suitable for thixo-forming which are composed of near-spherical grains and liquid phase with eutectic composition through reheating process. The deformation temperature and strain rate affect the peak stress significantly rather than steady flow stress. The resistance to deformation in semi-solid state decreases with the increase of the deformation temperature and decrease of the strain rate. At steady thixotropic deformation stage, the thixotropic property is uniform, and the main deformation mechanism is the rotating or sliding between the solid particles and the plastic deformation of the solid particles.     

半固态Al-6.6%Si合金的变形行为

分别对常规铸造Al 6.6%Si合金和电磁搅拌制备的半固态Al 6.6%Si合金试样进行了压缩实验 ,分析了它们的应力—应变关系和组织变化。结果表明 ,半固态Al 6.6%Si合金液固两相区压缩变形可分为触变流动初始阶段和稳定触变流动两个阶段。在触变流动初始化阶段 ,应力从零急剧增大到最大值 ,并在这个最大值上保持一段时间。在稳定触变流动阶段 ,随应变增加 ,应力缓慢下降 ,整个过程应力都大大低于常规铸造Al 6.6%Si合金压缩变形时应力。半固态合金在液固态两相区压缩变形后 ,其初生相微粒仍保持为球状 ,并且试样各处变形均匀。同时 ,对半固态合金变形中的初生相微粒簇现象和液固分离现象也进行了讨论。     

ZL101合金半固态二次加热

采用半固态合金二次加热，对半固态坯料施加合理的二次加热路径，重新获得适于后续加工的具有近球状固相颗粒均匀分布的半固态组织。采用功率为20kW，频率为30kHz的高频感应加热装置，研究了采用再熔融加热法制备的ZL101半固态合金坯料的二次加热过程。结果表明：为了获得适于最终成形的半固态组织，有必要把半固态坯料二次加热过程分为几个加热速率不同的加热阶段，然后在半固态温度区间某一需要加工温度下进行适度保温。通过实验给出了ZL101合金半固态坯料二次加热条件，并讨论了二次加热条件对半固态组织演化的影响。     

Al-5.8%Cu合金半固态浆料的控制熔化制备法

研究了具有枝晶组织的Al-5.8%Cu合金在控制熔化过程中固相形态的演变,以及加热速率、保温时间对固相形态演变的影响.分析了影响熔化组织中固相形态的因素,提出由枝晶组织直接获得适合半固态成形的球晶组织的控制熔化工艺,并制备了固相颗粒圆整、尺寸较小、分布均匀的半固态浆料.