汽车齿轮钢8620RH连铸坯中夹杂物研究

利用扫面电镜分析汽车齿轮钢8620RH连铸坯中氧化物夹杂的形貌和化学成分,结合具体的生产工艺,确定直径尺寸不小于25 μm的球状夹杂物是导致圆材B类夹杂物超标的主要原因,且此类夹杂物来源于炉渣。从提高精炼过程夹杂物去除效果和防止非稳态连铸过程卷渣,提高中包去除夹杂物能力等方面制定改善措施。     

浸入式水口结构对大方坯结晶器内夹杂物运动的影响

通过建立大方坯结晶器内钢液流动、传热、凝固和夹杂物运动耦合模型,研究了浸入式水口结构对结晶器内钢液流动和夹杂物运动的影响,比较了5种不同孔数的水口对应的夹杂物上浮、下沉以及坯壳吸附的比率和速率.研究结果表明:浸入式水口的结构很大程度上决定了结晶器内钢液的流动方式,进而决定了小颗粒夹杂物的运动轨迹.从水口底孔出来的射流中向上回流至液面部分的流股以及从侧孔出来的射流形成的螺旋上升的流股是促进夹杂物上浮的主要动力.只含侧孔的四孔型和双孔型水口在夹杂物去除方面能力最强,对于50 μm的小颗粒夹杂物去除率分别为25％和17％;而带底孔的水口(包括单孔型、三孔型和五孔型水口)去除率基本在10％以下.此外,对于含底孔的水口,铸坯内部夹杂物相对较多,而对于只含侧孔的水口,铸坯表面附近夹杂物相对较多.     

LPC稀土对ZG25CrNiMo夹杂物改性的研究

设计了不同含量LPC稀土的25CrNiMo铸钢,采用光学金相显微镜对夹杂物数量、大小进行了定量地分析,并配合使用扫描电镜和能谱对MnS、氧化物类夹杂物形貌、性质、成分作了微区域分析。结果表明,该稀土的确对相关夹杂物有变质改性的作用。     

夹杂物尺寸对粉末高温合金低周疲劳寿命影响的机制

为了研究夹杂物尺寸对粉末高温合金低周疲劳寿命的影响,将夹杂分别位于试样中心、表面、亚表面并改变其尺寸,研究同一位置下,不同夹杂物尺寸对应力应变分布的影响,结果表明:当夹杂物界面上不含微孔洞时,夹杂物与基体尺寸比例在实验室尺度（1:25）到工程尺度（1:10 000）范围内,夹杂物尺寸对应力应变影响很小;工程实际中,缺陷往往会与基体形成不完好的连接界面,即初始损伤破坏——微孔洞。缺陷对寿命的影响原因:夹杂物尺寸越大,它与基体的界面就越大,出现不完好连接和缺陷的概率就会增加,容易在界面处产生初始损伤破坏;当夹杂物界面上含有微孔洞时,随着夹杂物尺寸变大,界面正应力明显增大,界面切应力微弱减小,基体最大正应力和最大塑性应变均明显增大。     

薄壁铸件不明夹杂物缺陷成因的微观分析

通过扫描电镜分析了薄壁铸件不明夹杂物缺陷的成因.分析结果表明,夹杂物为涂料夹杂和氧化夹渣.提出采用优质涂料、适当减小涂层厚度、降低锰合金粒度等措施,铸件夹杂物缺陷已大幅度减少.     

Q345BHE900M H型钢脆性断口分析及工艺优化

对抗拉强度不合格的Q345B H型钢拉伸断口进行形貌和夹杂物微区成分分析,确定夹杂物水平偏高是导致产品强度不合格的主要原因,通过增加软吹时间、采用套管式长水口保护浇注、延长铸坯在炉时间等措施,批量生产的产品A类夹杂物等级均低于1.5级、B类夹杂物等级均低于1.0级、总夹杂物等级均低于2.5级,最小屈服强度较标准高25 MPa,最小抗拉强度较标准高48 MPa,实现产品批量稳定生产。     

连铸结晶器内簇状夹杂物分形生长的Monte-Carlo模拟

建立夹杂物分形长大数学模型来描述连铸结晶器内夹杂物的动态长大过程.采用Euler方法给出了连铸结晶器内钢液流动和夹杂物的三维分布,采用Lagrange方法跟踪单个夹杂物颗粒在夹杂物浓度场中的运动来研究其碰撞、长大过程.计算结果表明:钢液的夹带作用是影响夹杂物分布的关键因素.钢液流动和夹杂物分布在连铸机内均具有上、下两个循环区,在出口处具有"W"分布特征.对于单个夹杂物,由于种于夹杂物不断吸附其它夹杂物,因此较大粒径的夹杂物具有多个突起和触手,呈簇状形态.     

板坯连铸机内钢液流动和夹杂物碰撞长大行为

采用数值模拟方法研究了板坯连铸机内钢液流动、夹杂物碰撞聚合行为.由于凝固坯壳的向下运动和上升流股的相互作用,在结晶器窄面附近形成一个角部涡.此角部涡的存在使夹杂物的浓度、数量密度和特征尺寸的分布在结晶器窄面附近产生一个极值.数值模拟结果还表明钢液的对流输运是影响夹杂物分布的重要因素.由于钢液上部回流区的存在,夹杂物分布显现环状特征.在结晶器下部,由于壁面效应和夹杂物碰撞聚合,夹杂物在中心截面上形成"W"形分布,在水平截面上形成"8"字形分布;而在铸坯窄面和水口下方对称面处,夹杂物形成"V"形分布.     

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针对中厚板热连轧后出现伸长性能不合格现象进行了系统分析。Q345D钢板金相组织均为铁素体+珠光体,试验钢中A类硫化物规格为15~25μm,C类硅酸盐夹杂物规格为50~2 000μm。结果表明:伸长性能不合格的试样通常夹杂物超标或带状组织级别较高,冷弯断裂试样普遍存在分层现象,夹杂物类别主要为A类硫化物与C类硅酸盐夹杂。     

钢材非金属夹杂物造成锻件废品的实例

<正> 沿钢材轧制方向分布的非金属夹杂物相当于孔洞,破坏了金属基体的连续性,造成金属横向机械性能降低.锻造时,一般金属沿纤维方向流动变形,所以非金属夹杂物对锻件开裂倾向影响不大.但当金属流动方向垂直纤维方向时,则因非金属夹杂物造成的横向机械性能降低和应力集中将易于导致锻件沿非金属夹杂物撕裂.     

面向零件形状的计算机图形库的开发

论述了CAD技术中参数化设计的三种建模方法，重点介绍了基于特征的参数化建模原理。在此基础上，分析机械设计中的机构结构，归纳出其零件的几何特征构成。设计了机构CAD图形库，并提出了该图形库生成步骤和人机交互界面。     

FeCrAIW电弧喷涂层组织的致密化研究

采用激光辐照对FeCrAlW电弧喷涂层的组织进行致密化处理,借助扫描电镜和X衍射对涂层的组织进行了分析.测试了涂层的显微硬度.结果表明:涂层组织致密度提高,孔隙率明显降低.随着激光扫描速度的增加,涂层的显微硬度降低.在较低的扫描速度下,涂层与基体之间形成互熔区,涂层与基体之间产生良好的冶金结合.     

Prospects of the Use of Synergetic Approach to Solution of Problems of the Science of Nanomaterials

A synergetic approach to solution of problems of self-controlled synthesis of nanostructures and creation of self-organizing nanotechnologies is considered in connection with the superproblem of creation of materials with functional properties resembling those of biosystems. __________ Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 7, pp. 55 – 61, July, 2005.     

Kinetics of the oxidation of metals — Influence of self-diffusion of metal

The importance of the self-diffusion of a metal during its oxidation by a gas is treated for the cases of nonstoichiometric oxides having either interstitial cation or cation vacancies. We have established a general relationship for the reaction rate when a mixed diffusion process occurs. From this relationship, we have shown that the pressure dependence can be different, according to whether the rate-determining process is the self-diffusion through the metal or through the product.     

Features of formation of the structure in production of blanks of disks of heat-resistant nickel alloys

Conclusions To provide a high level of mechanical properties in wrought blanks of cast ÉP741NP and ÉP962 alloys it is necessary to form controlled structures. A necklace-type structure formed in homogenizing isostatic treatment, subsequent thermomechanical working including alternation of the operations of deformation in the (+)-area and recrystallization anneals, and final heat treatment is preferable. The temperature conditions of all stages of thermomechanical working are strictly controlled, especially the final operation of deformation and heating for hardening. To eliminate hardening cracks and distortions it is necessary to use molten salts at t=600°C as quenchants. The use of multiple production operations makes it possible to significantly reduce the structural inhomogeneity related to inhertance of the original dendritic structure. However, the structure of the final semifinished product is nevertheless characterized by a difference in occurrence of the processes of polygonization and recrystallization between the former dendritic cells and the interdendritic spaces in deformation and heat treatment.To obtain structurally homogeneous blanks for gas turbine engine parts it is necessary to use basically new methods of remelting such as vacuum double electrode remelting and electron beam remelting with an intermediate vessel.Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 12, pp. 25–29, December, 1991.     

Ab-initio calculation of enthalpies of formation of intermetallic compounds and enthalpies of mixing of solid solutions

A large number of ab-initio calculations of energies of formation of intermetallic compounds have been performed in the last 15 years. The currently used methods are listed. The paper presents a review of the aluminium based compounds which have been studied. Comparisons of calculated and experimental enthalpies of formation are provided for aluminim-3d and-4d transition metal alloys at equiatomic composition. The modelling of the enthalpies of mixing of solid solutions based on a given lattice is described.     

试论洋务派教师聘任的思想

洋务派在洋务学堂的办学活动中,为了解决西学专业学科的教学困难,采用了聘请外籍教师的应急措施.他们以真才实学,合同制管理作为主导思想,并认为这种解决师资的途径只是权宜之计,并非久远.从客观上看,洋务派的教师聘任思想有深刻的历史影响.