铸态AZ61镁合金热压缩变形组织变化

利用Gleeble-1500对铸态AZ61镁合金在变形温度200~500℃,应变速率0.001~1s-1的条件下进行压缩变形;利用显微结构分析和硬度测试等研究不同变形条件下AZ61镁合金的组织和性能,引用Z值(Zener-Hollomon系数)研究温度和应变速率对AZ61镁合金组织的影响,建立再结晶晶粒尺寸与Z值之间的关系。结果表明:铸态AZ61镁合金在热变形时表现出动态再结晶特征,随温度上升,再结晶容易发生且峰值应力降低,再结晶晶粒尺寸随温度升高而增大;随应变速率上升,峰值应力增大且峰值应力对应的应变量增大,再结晶晶粒尺寸减小;硬度大小的变化也与动态再结晶密切相关。     

Mg-Al-Zn-Nd稀土镁合金成形性能研究

采用Gleeble-1500D热模拟机对AZ31B-0.8Nd稀土镁合金在应变速率为0.01～1s-1,温度为300～450℃,最大变形量约为70%的条件下,进行了恒应变速率高温压缩模拟实验,研究了实验合金在高温变形时的流变应力与应变速率及变形温度之间的关系和组织变化。结果表明:合金的流变应力随应变速率的增大而增加,随应变温度的升高而减小;在应变速率和变形温度相同时,挤压态试样的流变应力明显低于铸态试样的流变应力,压缩变形量对应力应变关系的影响很小。探明了镁合金变形软化的主要机制是动态再结晶。根据实验分析,合金的热加工宜在400～450℃温度范围内进行,并且挤压态较铸态更易热挤压成型,更有助于晶粒细化。     

AZ31镁合金高温变形行为及本构模型

采用Gleeble-3500热模拟实验机,对AZ31镁合金在变形温度为523～723 K、应变速率为0.01～10.00 s-1、最大变形程度为60%的条件下进行热压缩实验.结果表明,流变应力随应变的增加而显著增大,到达峰值后逐渐降低并趋于稳态,变形呈明显的动态再结晶特征.变形温度和应变速率对流变应力影响显著,本文采用包含Arrheniues项的本构方程来描述AZ31镁合金的高温变形行为.     

Hot Deformation Behavior and Microstructure of AZ31-1Sm Alloy Compression at Elevated Temperatures

在单向压缩热模拟试验机上对AZ31-1Sm合金在变形温度为300~450℃、应变速率为0.01~1 s-1条件下的热变形行为和微观组织进行研究。结果表明:AZ31-1Sm镁合金在热压缩变形时,流变应力随着应变速率的增大和变形温度的降低而增大;该合金的热压缩流变应力行为可用双曲正弦形式的本构方程来描述,在本实验条件下,AZ31-1Sm镁合金热热变形激活能Q为160.8 k J/mol。AZ31-1Sm易发生动态再结晶,在高变形温度和低应变速率条件下动态再结晶趋势明显,动态再结晶晶粒尺寸随着变形温度的增加和应变速率的降低而增大。     

变形条件对AZ61镁合金力学行为的影响

用热模拟实验机对AZ61镁合金在变形温度为150℃～400℃,应变速率为0.01s-1～10s-1的条件下进行压缩变形,研究不同变形条件下AZ61镁合金的力学响应。结果表明,AZ61镁合金压缩变形时表现出动态再结晶特征,随温度上升,再结晶容易发生且应力峰降低;随变形速率增加,发生再结晶转变的临界应变增大。相比之下,变形温度对AZ61合金力学行为的影响要大于应变速率的影响。     

AZ31-1Sm镁合金高温压缩热变形行为和微观组织研究(英文)

在单向压缩热模拟试验机上对AZ31-1Sm合金在变形温度为300~450℃、应变速率为0.01~1 s-1条件下的热变形行为和微观组织进行研究。结果表明:AZ31-1Sm镁合金在热压缩变形时,流变应力随着应变速率的增大和变形温度的降低而增大;该合金的热压缩流变应力行为可用双曲正弦形式的本构方程来描述,在本实验条件下,AZ31-1Sm镁合金热热变形激活能Q为160.8 k J/mol。AZ31-1Sm易发生动态再结晶,在高变形温度和低应变速率条件下动态再结晶趋势明显,动态再结晶晶粒尺寸随着变形温度的增加和应变速率的降低而增大。     

AZ31B镁合金高温拉伸变形行为的研究

通过高温拉伸试验,研究了AZ31B镁合金板材在250～450℃以及应变速率0.001 s-1、0.01 s-1条件下的高温变形行为,获得了材料的厚向异性系数、伸长率等成形性能参数及有关组织特征.结果表明,不同变形条件下AZ31B合金的真应力-真应变曲线均出现峰值,峰值应力随变形温度的升高和应变速率的降低而减小;硬化速率随变形温度的升高而降低,在温度高于250℃时变化不大.当变形温度为250 ℃,应变速率为0.001 s-1时,合金的厚向异性系数达到最大.随变形温度的升高,AZ31B镁合金的塑性显著提高.合金的动态再结晶温度为250℃,随着应变速率增大,合金发生动态再结晶的速度加快.     

AZ31B镁合金热压缩力学行为与本构方程建立

根据对铸态AZ31B镁合金在温度为280～440℃、应变速率为0.001～0.1 s-1条件下进行热压缩试验,分析了变形程度、应变速率和加热温度对其流动应力的影响,结果表明,该合金热变形时的流动应力对变形温度和变形速率极为敏感,随变形温度的升高而降低,随变形速率的增加而增大.在温度为440℃,应变速率小于0.01 s-...     

Mg-AI-Zn-Nd稀土镁合金成形性能研究

采用Gleeble-1500D热模拟机对AZ31B-0．8Nd稀土镁合金在应变速率为0．01～1s^-1，温度为300～450℃，最大变形量约为70％的条件下，进行了恒应变速率高温压缩模拟实验，研究了实验合金在高温变形时的流变应力与应变速率及变形温度之间的关系和组织变化。结果表明：合金的流变应力随应变速率的增大而增加．随应变温度的升高而减小；在应变速率和变形温度相同时，挤压态试样的流变应力明显低于铸态试样的流变应力。压缩变形量对应力应变关系的影响很小。探明了镁合金变形软化的主要机制是动态再结晶。根据实验分析，合金的热加工宜在400～450℃温度范围内进行，并且挤压态较铸态更易热挤压成型，更有助于晶粒细化。     

铸态AZ31B镁合金热压缩实验研究

研究了铸态AZ31B镁合金在温度280～440℃和应变速率10-3～10-1s-1范围内的变形规律.结果表明:铸态AZ31B镁合金在高温下表现出较低的流变应力.其真应力-真应变曲线表现出明显的动态再结晶特征.再结晶晶粒明显细化,晶粒尺寸随着温度或Z(Zener-Hollomon常数)值的下降而增大.在低应变速率下可以得到相对均匀的变形组织.     

Prospects of the Use of Synergetic Approach to Solution of Problems of the Science of Nanomaterials

A synergetic approach to solution of problems of self-controlled synthesis of nanostructures and creation of self-organizing nanotechnologies is considered in connection with the superproblem of creation of materials with functional properties resembling those of biosystems. __________ Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 7, pp. 55 – 61, July, 2005.     

Kinetics of the oxidation of metals — Influence of self-diffusion of metal

The importance of the self-diffusion of a metal during its oxidation by a gas is treated for the cases of nonstoichiometric oxides having either interstitial cation or cation vacancies. We have established a general relationship for the reaction rate when a mixed diffusion process occurs. From this relationship, we have shown that the pressure dependence can be different, according to whether the rate-determining process is the self-diffusion through the metal or through the product.     

胫骨生物陶瓷复合材料的微结构增韧机理

扫描电镜观察显示胫骨是一种由羟基磷灰石和胶原蛋白组成的自然生物陶瓷复合材料.羟基磷灰石具有层状的微结构并且平行于骨的表面排列.观察也显示这些羟基磷灰石层又是由许多羟基磷灰石片所组成,这些羟基磷灰石片具有长而薄的形状,也以平行的方式整齐排列.基于在胫骨中观察到的羟基磷灰石片的微结构特征,通过微结构模型分析及实验,研究了羟基磷灰石片平行排列微结构的最大拔出能.结果表明,羟基磷灰石片长而薄的形状以及平行排列方式增加了其最大拔出能,进而提高了骨的断裂韧性.     

Mechanism of Nucleation of Precipitates of Carbides of Refractory Metals Under Hot Rolling of Automotive Sheet Steel

Metal Science and Heat Treatment - The problem of formation of properties in microalloyed sheet steels is considered. The cause and the possible mechanism of precipitation of carbides of refractory...     

燃煤机组锅炉烟气脱硝灰中氨含量测定

NOx是大气环境的主要污染物之一,其主要来源为火力发电机组。依靠低氮燃烧技术,远达不到排放要求。选择性催化还原脱硝(简称SCR)技术是目前效率最高、最成熟、应用最广泛的电厂烟气脱硝技术。目前,在线氨逃逸监测技术存在诸多问题,影响了氨逃逸监测数据的准确度和稳定性。在燃料种类、炉膛结构、受热面布置、过量空气量、炉膛气流分布以及脱硝催化剂类型等条件确定的情况下,控制好氨加入量及其逃逸量是保证NOx脱除率的关键所在。燃煤锅炉除尘飞灰氨含量可侧面反映脱硝氨逃逸率的状况。根据国外的文献报道,正常情况下,电除尘灰中氨含量一般在50mg/kg-100mg/kg范围内。由于国内尚无灰中氨含量的测定方法,亦无脱硝运行对飞灰含氨量影响的数据积累。本文通过大量试验,确定了灰中氨溶解条件(如溶解时间、搅拌状态、灰水比、灰样量及其稳定性等),制定了灰中氨含量测定方法。     

Features of formation of the structure in production of blanks of disks of heat-resistant nickel alloys

Conclusions To provide a high level of mechanical properties in wrought blanks of cast ÉP741NP and ÉP962 alloys it is necessary to form controlled structures. A necklace-type structure formed in homogenizing isostatic treatment, subsequent thermomechanical working including alternation of the operations of deformation in the (+)-area and recrystallization anneals, and final heat treatment is preferable. The temperature conditions of all stages of thermomechanical working are strictly controlled, especially the final operation of deformation and heating for hardening. To eliminate hardening cracks and distortions it is necessary to use molten salts at t=600°C as quenchants. The use of multiple production operations makes it possible to significantly reduce the structural inhomogeneity related to inhertance of the original dendritic structure. However, the structure of the final semifinished product is nevertheless characterized by a difference in occurrence of the processes of polygonization and recrystallization between the former dendritic cells and the interdendritic spaces in deformation and heat treatment.To obtain structurally homogeneous blanks for gas turbine engine parts it is necessary to use basically new methods of remelting such as vacuum double electrode remelting and electron beam remelting with an intermediate vessel.Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 12, pp. 25–29, December, 1991.     

Ab-initio calculation of enthalpies of formation of intermetallic compounds and enthalpies of mixing of solid solutions

A large number of ab-initio calculations of energies of formation of intermetallic compounds have been performed in the last 15 years. The currently used methods are listed. The paper presents a review of the aluminium based compounds which have been studied. Comparisons of calculated and experimental enthalpies of formation are provided for aluminim-3d and-4d transition metal alloys at equiatomic composition. The modelling of the enthalpies of mixing of solid solutions based on a given lattice is described.