磁场方向对脉冲电沉积制备Ni-ZrO2 纳米复合镀层性能的影响

目的 研究有无磁场条件和垂直、平行两种磁场方向对脉冲电沉积制备Ni-ZrO2纳米复合镀层性能的影响。方法 以45#钢作为基体,采用脉冲电沉积和磁场-脉冲电沉积法成功制备Ni-ZrO2纳米复合镀层。利用扫描电镜（SEM）、能谱仪（EDS）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、原子力显微镜（AFM）观察纳米复合镀层的表面形貌、微观结构和表面粗糙度,利用显微硬度计、划痕仪、摩擦磨损试验机对纳米复合镀层进行显微硬度、结合力和摩擦磨损性能等力学性能研究。结果 相同工艺条件下,垂直磁场-脉冲电沉积条件制备的Ni-ZrO2纳米复合镀层的晶粒形状为金子塔状,镀层表面粗糙度有所改善,复合镀层显微硬度值最高,为370HV。平行磁场-脉冲电沉积条件下制备的Ni-ZrO2纳米复合镀层表面平整,均匀致密,复合镀层中Zr的质量分数为8.27%,表面粗糙度Ra和Rq值分别为82 nm和105 nm,镀层结合力为337 N,磨损量低于其他两种镀层的磨损量。结论 施加磁场后,在磁场MHD效应作用下,纳米复合镀层表面形貌平整,均匀致密,显微硬度提高,并且与基体结合性能和耐磨性都优于无磁场条件下制备的纳米复合镀层。平行方向磁场对Ni-ZrO2纳米复合镀层的力学性能有更明显的促进作用。     

电沉积方式对 Ni-ZrO2 纳米复合镀层耐腐蚀性能的影响

目的改善Ni-ZrO2纳米复合镀层的耐腐蚀性能。方法分别采用普通电沉积、旋转阴极电沉积、超声电沉积和超声-旋转阴极电沉积四种方式制备Ni-ZrO2纳米复合镀层,分析镀层的ZrO2含量和微观形貌,研究镀层的耐腐蚀性能。结果普通电沉积镀层的ZrO2含量高,但晶粒粗大,组织不够致密,腐蚀速率高,腐蚀后的微观表面存在很多大的腐蚀坑洞。旋转阴极和超声辅助电沉积的镀层ZrO2含量较低,但晶粒有所细化,耐腐蚀性能提高。超声-旋转阴极电沉积的镀层ZrO2含量最低,但晶粒细化程度最高,组织致密度也最好,腐蚀速率低,表面腐蚀特征不明显。结论超声场和旋转阴极都会影响镀层的组织结构和ZrO2含量,超声波和旋转阴极协同作用下的效果最为显著,制备的纳米复合镀层耐腐蚀性能最好。     

Ni/Al2O3复合镀层中Al2O3微粒尺寸及热处理对镀层性能的影响

目的强化Ni基镀层并确定Al_2O_3尺寸对复合镀层性能的影响。方法在以硬度为评价标准的最佳工艺条件下,制备了三种尺寸的Al2O3(微米级、50 nm、30 nm)复合镀层,研究分析了不同尺寸Al_2O_3复合镀层的表面形貌、显微硬度、耐磨、耐蚀等性能。结果纳米复合镀层的表面形貌比微米复合镀层更光滑、平整、致密,晶粒更细小。Al_2O_3微粒尺寸越小,镀层越致密。纳米复合镀层的显微硬度、耐磨性能、耐蚀性能、抗高温氧化等性能均优于微米复合镀层及纯Ni镀层。热处理后的纳米复合镀层表面更加平整致密,热处理能显著提高镀层的显微硬度。50 nm复合镀层在保温温度为400℃时达显微硬度最大值461HV,30 nm复合镀层在保温温度为500℃时达显微硬度最大值496HV。热处理对纳米复合镀层的耐磨性能改善不明显。结论 Al_2O_3的尺寸越小,复合镀层的性能越好。     

纳米WC/PTFE镍基复合电刷镀层的摩擦磨损与耐腐蚀性能

针对单一纳米颗粒电刷镀镀层综合性能存在的不足,利用电刷镀技术在45钢基材上制备含纳米WC和PTFE的镍基复合镀层。采用扫描电子显微镜观察电刷镀复合镀层的表面形貌和显微结构,球盘式摩擦磨损试验机测试其干摩擦条件下摩擦磨损性能,在pH=4浓度为0.05mmol/L的硫酸溶液中进行耐腐蚀性试验。结果表明:在镀液中添加不同含量纳米粒子,可以不同程度填补粒子之间的空缺,使镀层表面平整、光滑;含纳米WC和PTFE镍基复合镀层的耐磨损和耐腐蚀性能强于纯镍基镀层和45钢基体,这是由于纳米粒子细晶强化和弥散强化所致;当含1.5g/L纳米WC与7g/L纳米PTFE乳液的复合镀层耐磨损性能最佳;含1g/L纳米WC与5g/L纳米PTFE复合镀层的耐腐蚀性能较纯镍基复合镀层提高一倍;45钢的磨损机制是粘着磨损,纯镍基镀层的磨损机制是剥层磨损,纳米WC/PTFE镍基复合镀层的磨损机制是磨粒磨损。     

纳米Cr2O3复合电刷镀镀层性能研究

在快速镍镀液的基础上,通过添加纳米Cr2O3粉末得到了纳米复合镀液,制备了纳米Cr2O3颗粒的镍基复合镀层,通过显微硬度、孔隙率、耐腐蚀与极化曲线、SEM等测试手段,比较了纳米复合镀层与纯镍镀层的性能,结果表明：纳米Cr2O3复合刷镀镍层的截面硬度比纯镍镀层的截面硬度提高8.3%,两种镀层与基体结合良好;纳米Cr2O3复合镀层的表面形貌比纯镍镀层更加细化且耐腐蚀性有所提高。     

Preparation and characterization of graphite-nickel composite coatings by automatic brush plating

Composite coatings of nickel with G particles were produced on AISI 1045 carbon steel substrate by using a newly developed automatic brush plating system. Pure nickel coating was also prepared for comparative study. The volume percent incorporation of G powder in the composite coatings was investigated with respect to its concentration in bath and relative anode to cathode speed. It was shown that the volume percentage of G was strongly affected by these parameters. The G particle distribution in the composite coatings was uniform across the coating at low concentration of G in bath and agglomerated on the surface at high concentrations. The wear and friction properties of G-Ni composite coatings containing different amounts of G particles were studied. The results revealed that hardness, wear resistance and friction coefficient are dependent on volume percentage of G in composite coating. In this study, it was shown that G-Ni composite coating with 15% G possessed the best wear-resistance property.     

电沉积方式对Ni-SiC纳米复合镀层性能的影响

目的通过研究电沉积方式对Ni-SiC纳米复合镀层性能的影响,进而改善Ni-SiC纳米复合镀层的性能。方法采用直流电沉积和脉冲电沉积分别制备Ni和Ni-SiC纳米复合镀层,使用扫描电镜和能谱仪研究镀层的表面形貌和成分,通过测量施镀前后镀件质量差计算沉积速率,采用硬度计测量了镀层的硬度,利用极化曲线和电化学阻抗方法研究镀层在3.5%NaCl水溶液中的耐腐蚀性能,分析了直流电沉积方式和脉冲电沉积方式对镀层各项性能的影响。结果脉冲电沉积方式制备的Ni-SiC纳米复合镀层的表面形貌更加致密、均匀、光滑,镀层硬度为616.3HV,自腐蚀电流为9.56×10~(-6) A,比直流电沉积制备的Ni-SiC纳米复合镀层的硬度和耐蚀性能均有所提高。结论电沉积方式对复合镀层的性能有很大影响,脉冲电沉积方式制备的Ni-SiC纳米复合镀层具有更好的性能。     

摩擦喷射纳米Al2O3/Ni复合镀层的组织形貌及其性能研究

采用摩擦喷射电沉积工艺制备了纳米Al2O3／Ni复合镀层，考察了该镀层的表面和断面形貌，并对镀层性能进行了测试分析。研究表明，摩擦喷射纳米Al2O3／Ni复合镀层表面较为平整，镀层与基体结合紧密。一次性镀覆厚度达到1．40mm，远高于电刷镀纳米Al2O3／Ni复合镀层（0．35mm），镀层硬度达到650HV。在试验条件下，该镀层的耐磨性是摩擦喷射Ni镀层的1．44倍，是纳米Al2O3／Ni刷镀层的1．15倍，摩擦因数也低于摩擦喷射Ni镀层和电刷镀纳米Al2O3／Ni复合镀层。     

Ni-TiO2基纳米复合电刷镀层微观结构及腐蚀电化学行为

研究了用电刷镀在Q235钢上制备出Ni-TiO2纳米复合镀层复合镀液中,纳米颗粒的加入量及不同的表面活性剂对镀层性能的影响。采用SEM对复合镀层的表面形貌进行分析,用极化曲线研究了纳米复合镀层在NaCl溶液中的腐蚀电化学行为,结果表明:与纯Ni镀层相比,Ni-TiO2纳米复合镀层晶粒更加细小,空隙率更低,阳离子表面活性剂分散镀液所得镀层效果最为显著;复合镀液中纳米TiO2质量浓度为10g/L时,复合镀层的耐腐蚀性能最优;纳米颗粒含量相等的情况下,阳离子表面活性剂分散镀液所得镀层具有最好的耐腐蚀性能。     

Ni-ZrO2纳米复合电镀工艺研究

采用正交实验法,对铜表面电沉积镍基纳米ZrO2复合镀层的工艺进行了研究,观察了复合镀层的表面及截面形貌,并对其耐磨性能进行了测试分析。所涉及实验条件下的最优工艺为:阴极电流密度4A/dm2,镀液温度60℃,极间距为12cm。采用此最优工艺条件,得到了晶粒细小,表面平整、光滑,显微组织致密、均匀的Ni-ZrO2纳米复合镀层,且复合镀层的显微硬度比纯镍镀层有明显提高。     

超声电沉积制备Ni-ZrO2纳米复合镀层及其结构和性能的研究

制备了纯Ni镀层和Ni-ZrO2纳米复合镀层,并在沉积过程中引入超声波制备了超声Ni-ZrO2纳米复合镀层,对比分析了3种镀层的微观结构及高温抗氧化性、显微硬度、耐磨性。结果表明,超声电沉积Ni-ZrO2纳米复合镀层晶粒尺寸细小,具有良好的高温抗氧化性能、高的显微硬度和优良的耐磨性,并进一步分析了纳米颗粒和超声波在提高镀层性能方面所起的作用。     

Properties and strengthening mechanism of brush plated nanoparticle reinforced composite coatings

Nanoparticle reinforced nickel matrix composite coatings, such as n-Al2O3/Ni, n-SiO2/Ni, n-SiC/Ni and n-TiO2/Ni, were fabricated by brush plating technique. Hardness, wear resistance and contact-fatigue resistance of the composite coatings were determined, and strengthening mechanism of the composite coatings was discussed. Results show that the composite coatings have superior properties to the Ni metal coating. Compared with properties of brush plated Ni metal coating, the composite coatings have hardness over 1.5 times and wear resistance capability of about 2.5 times. The strengthening mechanism of the composite coatings mainly includes fine-crystal grain effect, nanoparticle dispersion effect and dislocation effect.     

表面活性剂对Ni-纳米TiO2复合镀层硬度的影响

针对镍镀层硬度较低,限制了其应用范围的实际,采用纳米复合电镀,提高电镀镍层的机械性能.由于纳米微粒极易团聚,影响了复合镀层的性能.进行了Ni-纳米TiO2复合电镀的表面活性剂筛选,并优选出分散效果较好的阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)和非离子表面活性剂吐温80进行均匀设计和正交回归设计的复配优化来研究其对复合镀层的影响,采用SEM观察镀层表面形貌.通过分析试验结果可知:两者复合的效果较单一使用的效果更好,在镀液中添加0.074g/L的CTAB和0.047g/L吐温80时,得到的复合镀层组织均匀细致,硬度达到最大值621.6HV.     

Ni-TiO2 nanocomposite coating with high resistance to corrosion and wear

Ni-TiO₂ nanocomposite coatings with various contents of TiO₂ nanoparticles were prepared by electrodeposition in a Ni plating bath containing TiO₂ nanoparticles to be codeposited. The influences of the TiO₂ nanoparticle concentration in the plating bath, the current density and the stirring rate on the composition of nanocomposite coatings were investigated. The composition of coatings was studied by using energy dispersive X-ray system (EDX). The wear behavior of the pure Ni and Ni-TiO₂ nanocomposite coatings were evaluated by a pin-on-disc tribometer. The corrosion performance of coatings in 0.5 M NaCl, 1 M NaOH and 1 M HNO₃ as corrosive solutions was investigated by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy methods (EIS). The microhardness and wear resistance of the nanocomposite coatings increase with increasing of TiO₂ nanoparticle content in the coating. With increasing of TiO₂ nanoparticle content in the coating, the polarization resistance increases, the corrosion current decreases and the corrosion potential shifts to more positive values.     

Sliding wear behaviors of electrodeposited Ni composite coatings containing micrometer and nanometer Cr particles

Micrometer and nanometer Cr particles were co-deposited with Ni by electroplating from a nickel sulfate bath containing a certain content of Cr particles. Cr microparticles are in a size range of 1-5 (m and Cr nanoparticles have an average size of 40 nm. The friction and the wear performance of the co-deposited Ni-Cr composite coatings were comparatively evaluated by sliding against Si3N4 ceramic balls under non-lubricated conditions. It is found that the incorporation of Cr particles enhances the microhardness and wear resistance of Ni coatings. The wear resistance of Ni composite coating containing Cr nanoparticles is higher than that of the Ni composite coating containing Cr microparticles with a comparable Cr particle content. The co-deposition of smaller nanometer Cr particles with Ni effectively reduces the size of Ni crystals and significantly increases the hardness of the composite coatings due to grain-refinement strengthening and dispersion-strengthening, resulting in a significant improvement of wear resistance of the Ni-Cr nanocomposite coatings.     

Electrodeposition and characterization of Ni-Co/SiC nanocomposite coatings

Ni-Co/SiC nanocomposite coatings were electrodeposited in a modified watt type of Ni-Co bath containing 20 nm SiC particles to be codeposited. Potentiodynamic polarization tests were conducted to study the effect of the SiC particulates on the electrodeposition of Ni and Co. Scanning electron microscopy was used to assess the morphology of the Ni-Co alloy and Ni-Co/SiC nanocomposite coatings. The distribution of the particulates in the matrix was considered by means of transmission electron microscopy. Applying nanomechanical testing instruments coupled to atomic force microscopy, mechanical properties of the alloy and composite coatings were studied and compared. The presence of 11 vol.% SiC in the Ni-Co matrix increased hardness more than 60%. The average depth of scratch in the mentioned composite coating was about 15% less than that of the Ni-Co alloy coating. The corrosion penetration rate (CPR) of the Ni-Co alloy coating in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution was more than 17 times greater than that of the Ni-Co/SiC coating with 30.5 vol.% SiC.     

Electrodeposition and characterization of Ni-TiB2 composite coatings

Nickel-titanium diboride (Ni-TiB₂) composite coatings were successfully fabricated by pulse electrodeposition techniques from nickel sulfamate bath containing dispersed submicron TiB₂ particles. The effect of TiB₂ codeposition on the morphological, microstructural, microhardness and anti-corrosive properties of the composite coatings have been investigated by using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy system, X-ray diffraction (XRD), vickers microhardness, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. Incorporation of TiB₂ particles into the nickel matrix has modified the regular crystal growth of nickel. The XRD patterns revealed that the preferred (100) crystallite orientation of pure nickel has been modified into mixed orientations by the enhancement of (111) and attenuation of (200) diffraction intensities by the incorporation of TiB₂ particles into the nickel matrix. Vickers microhardness of the Ni-TiB₂ composite coating is found to be increased which is nearly 3 times higher than pure nickel coating. The results obtained by polarization curves and EIS analysis in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution have shown the improved corrosion resistance properties of Ni-TiB₂ composite coating over pure nickel electrodeposit.     

Ni-Sn-P复合镀层的组织结构与抗垢性能研究

采用XRD测试、硬度测试、接触角测量、表面自由能计算和抗垢能力测试等方法，研究热处理对Ni-Sn-P复合镀层组织结构和抗垢性能的影响，以及Sn含量对镀层抗垢性能的影响。结果表明，经热处理后Ni-Sn-P复合镀层结构由非晶态转变为晶态。300 ℃热处理的Ni-Sn-P复合镀层显微硬度达1072.4 HV，相比Ni-P镀层其硬度明显提高。当Sn含量为2 g/L时，Ni-Sn-P复合镀层具有最佳的抗垢性能，复合镀层的接触角为120.2°，且具有较低的表面能15 mJ/m²。Ni-Sn-P复合镀的污垢附着率显著降低，抗垢性能相比未处理的Q235碳钢基体和Ni-P镀层分别提高55%和46%。Sn颗粒的加入，提高了镀层的硬度和疏水性，但是随着Ni-Sn-P复合镀层中Sn含量的增加，复合镀层的抗垢性能逐渐下降。     

超声波-双脉冲电沉积法制备Ni-CeO2纳米复合镀层

利用超声波高频振荡效应与双脉冲电源特性电沉积法制备Ni-CeO2稀土纳米复合镀层。利用环境扫描电镜(E-SEM)及透射电子显微镜(TEM),分别对镀层的微观形貌与晶粒结构进行分析表征。分析时效热处理和纳米稀土CeO2掺杂对晶体结构转变、显微硬度、热裂纹产生与扩展机理的影响。研究表明:由于纳米尺度稀土颗粒"抢占"Ni晶粒长大的空间,限制其粗大,生成组织致密且具有非晶态结构的合金镀层;复合沉积的稀土能钉扎愈合开裂的大晶界;纳米稀土颗粒填充晶界间隙等并有效地阻止裂纹源的萌生与扩展;经过500℃×2 h效热处理后,形成NiCexO1-x(0相似文献   

Microstructure,tribological behavior and magnetic properties of Fe−Ni−TiO2 composite coatings synthesized via pulse frequency variation

The Fe−Ni−TiO₂ nanocomposite coatings were electrodeposited by pulse frequency variation. The results showed that the nanocomposite with a very dense coating surface and a nanocrystalline structure was produced at higher frequencies. By increasing the pulse frequency from 10 to 500 Hz, the iron and TiO₂ nanoparticles contentswere increased in expense of nickel content. XRD patterns showed that by increasing the frequency to 500 Hz, an enhancement ofBCC phase was observed and the grain size of deposits was reduced to 35 nm. The microhardness and the surface roughness were increased to 647 HV and 125 nm at 500 Hz due to the grain size reduction and higher incorporation of TiO₂ nanoparticles into the Fe−Ni matrix (5.13 wt.%). Moreover, the friction coefficient and wear rate values were decreased by increasing the pulse frequency;while the saturation magnetization and coercivity values of the composite deposits were increased.