X120管线钢中第二相回溶及其对奥氏体晶粒尺寸的影响

采用电解、萃取复型、透射电镜以及能谱分析等方法研究了不同温度等温过程中X120管线钢中第二相粒子的回溶规律,并测定了相应条件下的奥氏体晶粒尺寸。结果表明:在锻态组织中存在两种类型的碳氮化物,一类是在凝固过程中形成的粗大富Ti颗粒;另一类是在变形过程中形变诱导析出产生的富Nb第二相粒子,其尺寸更加细小,此类粒子经1000℃保温60 min后消失。1000~1220℃保温过程中含Nb和Mo的碳氮化物发生回溶,导致奥氏体晶粒快速长大,但此时未回溶的碳氮化Nb、Ti粒子仍阻碍晶界的迁移。当再加热温度达到1270℃并保温120 min后,只有极少量的含Nb的Ti N颗粒能够保持稳定,故第二相粒子的钉扎作用明显减弱,使得奥氏体晶粒异常长大。     

X120管线钢中第二相回溶及其对奥氏体晶粒长大的影响

采用电解、萃取复型、透射电镜以及能谱分析等方法研究了不同温度等温过程中X120管线钢中第二相粒子的回溶规律,并测定了相应条件下的奥氏体晶粒尺寸。结果表明：在锻态组织中存在两种类型的碳氮化物。一类是在凝固过程中形成的粗大富Ti颗粒;另一类是在变形过程中形变诱导析出产生的富Nb第二相粒子,其尺寸更加细小,此类粒子经1000 ℃保温60 min后消失。1000~1220 ℃保温过程中含Nb和Mo的碳氮化物发生回溶,导致奥氏体晶粒快速长大,但此时未回溶的碳氮化Nb、Ti粒子仍阻碍晶界的迁移。当再加热温度达到1270 ℃并保温120 min后,只有极少量的含Nb的TiN颗粒能够保持稳定,故第二相粒子的钉扎作用明显减弱,使得奥氏体晶粒异常长大。     

Nb-Ti微合金钢中第二相的溶解行为

利用碳萃取复型、TEM和EDX分析,研究了低碳Nb-Ti微合金钢在1 300℃等温过程中第二相粒子的溶解行为。实验结果表明:钢中有两类尺度存在显著差异的析出颗粒,其一为尺寸在50 nm以上的富钛相(生成于钢液凝固阶段),其二为尺寸小于20 nm的富铌相(形成于奥氏体变形过程)。在1 300℃保温2 h后,应变诱导析出相基本消失,而凝固过程中形成的析出相在保温48 h后,还存在含Nb的(Nb,Ti)(C,N)复合相。在微合金钢中含Ti的情况下,碳氮化物的稳定性大幅提高。这些结果表明,析出相的形成和热稳定性在很大程度上取决于Nb和Ti原子的相互作用。     

含铌H13钢中一次碳氮化物生成机理及热稳定性

对含铌0.051%的H13钢铸锭中一次碳氮化物成分特征及在1150℃、1250℃下的热稳定性进行了分析,并利用热力学软件Thermo-Calc对其形成机制进行了合理的解释。研究发现含铌0.051%的H13钢铸锭中存在3类一次碳氮化物,富Nb类、富V类以及富Mo-Cr类相。富Nb相热稳定性高,在1150℃及1250℃下保温6 h仍大量存在。富V相在1150℃下保温6 h仍然存在,而在1250℃下保温6 h即可完全固溶。富Mo-Cr相热稳定性低,无论是在1150℃还是1250℃下,均没有发现。这些相是在凝固过程中由于元素富集而在液相中析出。凝固过程中,富V的碳氮化物相首先析出,之后随着Nb含量的富集,富Nb的碳化物相开始析出,当Nb元素消耗到一定程度而同时V元素进一步富集后,富V的碳化物相再次析出,富Mo-Cr相在凝固末期最后析出。     

Nb含量对GH4169合金钢锭偏析规律的影响

利用光镜、扫描电镜和能谱仪等手段分析了不同Nb元素含量的GH4169合金钢锭组织特点及元素偏析规律,并对经单阶段均匀化热处理后钢锭的组织及残留析出相特征进行分析.结果表明:随着Nb元素含量增加,GH4169合金铸锭由边缘到心部,枝晶组织粗化,二次枝晶间距增大,Nb、Ti元素的偏析系数亦增大;经1160℃保温20h的均匀化处理后,Nb添加量越多,未回溶的析出相残留越多,且残留析出相有很明显的聚集趋势,残留析出物聚合体主要为富Nb的Laves相及富Nb、Ti元素的碳化物.不同Nb元素含量钢锭中Laves相完全回溶需要的时间应不相同,在高Nb含量条件下,传统的均匀化工艺无法使Laves相完全回溶;若同时考虑钢锭的尺寸因素,高Nb含量条件下,残留析出相的聚合体可能会演化为“黑斑”缺陷而使钢锭报废.     

Nb对钠冷快堆包壳用15-15Ti奥氏体不锈钢组织和拉伸性能的影响

使用OM、SEM和TEM等方法研究了0~0.46wt.%Nb对固溶态和时效态15Cr-15Ni含Ti奥氏体不锈钢(15-15Ti)中析出相类型、形貌及其分布的影响。结果表明,Nb取代了(Ti,Mo)C相中部分Ti、Mo原子,在0.21wt.%Nb和0.46wt.%Nb合金中形成富Nb的(Nb,Ti)C相,而且Nb含量的增加使固溶态的奥氏体基体组织细化。在850 ℃时效1000h后,组织中有sigma相、MC碳化物析出,Nb的增加促进了 Nb、Mo元素在sigma相中的富集,促使sigma相更为细小、弥散析出。固溶态和时效态试样的室温、650 ℃拉伸结果表明,在0~0.46 wt.% Nb范围内,Nb含量的增加对固溶态合金室温和高温拉伸性能影响较小,而Nb促进析出的sigma相对时效态合金的拉伸性能影响较小。     

Nb-Ti微合金化超低碳低合金高强度钢中第二相的析出行为

研究了Nb-Ti微合金化超低碳低合金高强钢在控轧控冷及回火过程中含Nb和Ti相的析出行为及其与硬度的关系.结果表明,Nb-Ti微合金化超低碳低合金高强钢在控轧控冷驰豫过程及随后的回火过程中均有第二相析出,在变形过程中Nb(CxNy)相析出颗粒更为细小,在回火过程中Nb(CxNy)依附于TiN形核长大,600 ℃回火2 h后其硬度高于其它温度回火后的硬度.     

Fe-40Ni-Ti合金中晶界高温迁移特征

利用金相观察、定量统计及透射电子显微镜分析,研究了含Ti和无Ti的Fe-40Ni合金在高温等温过程中的晶界迁移行为。结果表明:Fe-40Ni-Ti合金原始试样中存在两种析出,分别是凝固过程中形成的尺寸较大的Ti N颗粒及锻压过程中形成的应变诱导析出相,尺寸为10 nm左右。在1100℃等温30 min后,没有发现应变诱导析出相存在。直接观察结果则显示粗大的Ti N颗粒对晶界迁移有明显的阻碍作用,以类似于位错绕过析出颗粒的Orowan机制绕过Ti N颗粒,其主要原因可能是高温时晶界自由能明显各向同性,只有直接面对析出相的局部晶界受到析出相的阻碍,能够发生大曲率弯曲,晶界表现出较强的"柔性",此时析出粒子必然无法对其运动产生强烈的阻碍作用。     

低碳微合金钢中Nb、V、Ti碳氮化物的回溶研究

采用透射电镜和X射线光谱技术,研究了低碳微合金钢中Nb、V、Ti的碳氮化物在不同温度保温1 h后的回溶行为.结果表明,低碳微合金钢中存在尺寸明显不同的两类析出,其中颗粒尺寸较大的在80 nm以上;这种颗粒的心部是(Nb,V,Ti)(C,N)相,而颗粒边缘为(Nb,Ti)(C,N)相;颗粒尺寸较小的在20 nm以下,其类型为(Nb,Ti)(C,N).两类析出物中Nb与Ti的原子比均随回溶温度的升高而减小.     

高钛低碳钢中Nb、Ti的析出行为

通过热力学计算和实验观察,对一种高钛含铌钢中Nb、Ti的析出行为进行研究.结果表明:实验钢中的铌的氮化物和碳化物在液相和凝崮过程中不能生成;氮化钛在凝同过程中析出,碳化钛在凝固末期形成;在奥氏体相中,实验钢中的Nb、Ti碳氮化物析出的先后顺序为TiN>Nb(CN)>NbC>TiC;铸坯中的析出相主要为氮化钛,而成品板材的二相粒子均为Ti、Nb复合的C、N化物.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

INTRODUCTION TO PATENTS

The invention provides a method of making a mold which can reduce SOx generation rate while preventing decrease in hardening rate in the case of using sulfuric acid for a hardener composition. The method has a mixture step in which fire-resistant particles, a hardener composition and a binder composition are mixed to obtain a composition for a mold. The hardener composition contains sulfuric acid. In the mixture step, sodium carbonate is added. A molar ratio of the sulfuric acid to the sodium carbonate is 0.5 or more and 4.0 or less.     

China Foundry Week 2014

China Foundry Week, hosted by the Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society （FICMES） each year, is a large academic event in China. It is one of the ten high-impact activities sponsored by the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society.     

17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering Call for papers

正1.Contents In order to promote the academic exchanges and technical communication of the research in the field of fluid power transmission and control,fluid control engineering specialized committee of the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics will hold the 17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering on July 27-29,2014 in Tibet,Lhasa city.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.     

Formulas of Tension of Continuous Rolling Process

The development of computer controlled continuous rolling process calls for a mathematical expression that can express the inequality condition of "constant flow". Tension is the link of the continuous rolling process. From the condition of dynamic equilibrium, a differential equation of tension is given out. On the basis of the physical rules established from the industrial practice and experimental studies, the law of volume constancy, the linear relation of forward slip and tension, the state equation of continuous rolling, the formula of dynamic tension, and the formula of static tension have been obtained. These formulae reflect the functional relations between tensions, thickness, roll velocity, and time in the continuous rolling process. It is implied that the continuous rolling process is a gradually steady, controllable, and measurable dynamic system. An assumption of predicting the thickness of a steel plate using these tension formulae is also put forward.