Mn,Zr对Mg-Gd-Y合金组织与力学性能的影响

研究了微量Mn、Zr对Mg-13%Gd和Mg-9%Gd-4%Y合金铸态和挤压后的微观组织及力学性能的影响.结果表明:在铸态,含Zr合金的晶粒明显小于不含Zr的合金,而Mn对合金的铸态显微组织影响不大;将Mg-9%Gd-4%Y-0.6%Mn和Mg-9%Gd-4%Y-0.6%Zr合金挤压后,都可以得到非常细小均匀的等轴晶,晶粒尺寸约14 μm;这两个合金在挤压时效态(T5)的力学性能都明显优于WE54合金的,且Mg-9%Gd-4%Y-0.6%Zr合金比Mg-9%Gd-4%Y-0.6%Mn合金性能更好.     

生物医用Mg-3Zn-0.2Ca合金显微组织与性能研究（英文）

针对生物医用Mg-3Zn-0.2Ca的显微组织、力学性能以及生物腐蚀行为,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、拉伸实验机、电化学以及浸泡测试方法进行了研究。XRD结果表明Mg-3Zn-0.2Ca合金中的第二相主要为Mg_7Zn_3,Mg_2Zn_3,Mg_4Zn_7等金属间化合物相。相比于铸态,经过56:1挤压比变形后的Mg-3Zn-0.2Ca合金晶粒明显细化,平均晶粒尺寸从119.1μm降到2.5μm,降低了47.6倍。挤压态Mg-3Zn-0.2Ca合金的屈服强度(0.2%TYS)、抗拉强度以及延伸率分别为205,336 MPa和17.85%,电化学以及浸泡测试表明挤压态合金的耐蚀性明显优于铸态Mg-3Zn-0.2Ca合金,其主要归因于晶粒细化。新设计的生物医用Mg-3Zn-0.2Ca合金呈现出了良好的综合力学性能以及生物耐蚀性。     

超轻Mg-Li-Al系变形镁合金挤压板材的组织及性能

通过OM、SEM、XRD和拉伸实验研究3种典型的Mg-Li-Al合金的铸态和挤压态组织及力学性能。结果表明:随着Li含量的增加,合金的结构从密排六方向体心立方转变,合金的铸态组织随之发生改变。经过250℃挤压处理后,Mg-5Li-1Al和Mg-9Li-1Al合金的晶粒沿挤压方向呈方向性排列,Mg-14Li-1Al合金由均匀的等轴晶(再结晶晶粒)组成。随着Li含量的增加,挤压态合金板材的屈服强度逐渐增大,其中挤压态Mg-9Li-1Al合金板材的综合力学性能最佳(屈服强度达到149 MPa,伸长率达到25%)。     

不同Y含量对ZM21镁合金组织和力学性能的影响

本文主要通过OM、SEM、EDS和XRD等研究了铸态及挤压态Mg-2Zn-1Mn-xY (Y=0,0.8,2.2,wt.%) 镁合金显微组织和力学性能。由实验结果可知,稀土Y的添加,不仅可以细化铸态及挤压态合金晶粒,还可以弱化挤压态合金的基面织构强度,从而同时提高合金的强度以及韧性。本文中最优化合金挤压态Mg-2Zn-1Mn-xY合金具有良好的力学性能,与原始Mg-2Zn-1Mn合金相比,屈服强度从164MPa提高到204MPa、抗拉强度从237MPa提高到298MPa以及延伸率从12%增加到18%。     

Mg-Nd、Mg-Gd和Mg-Sb二元镁合金的组织和力学性能

研究了具有三种不同固溶特征的二元镁合金Mg-1.4Nd(C1)、Mg-1.4Gd(C2)和Mg-1.4Sb(C3)的铸态、热处理态和挤压态显微组织和拉伸性能。结果表明:C1和C2合金在铸态下均为单相固溶体,C2合金有少量孪晶产生,C3镁合金铸态组织为初生晶+共晶,其共晶形态为点状共晶(α+Mg3Sb2),3种镁合金挤压态组织均发生动态再结晶。C1合金的抗拉强度最高,为296.8 MPa,C2合金的挤压成形所需温度最高为470℃,C3的伸长率最高,为16.5%。     

铸态及挤压态Mg-11Li-3Al-xZr合金的组织及性能

通过真空感应熔炼及挤压变形制备了铸态及挤压态的Mg-11Li-3Al-xZr(x=0、0.1)合金,采用OM、XRD、SEM、EDS观察并分析了合金的显微组织,测试了不同状态合金的力学性能。结果表明,Mg-11Li-3Al-xZr合金均含有β-Li、α-Mg、θ-MgLi_2Al、AlLi相,Mg-11Li-3Al-0.1Zr合金中还存在Al_3Zr相。铸态合金晶粒粗大,挤压变形过程中发生动态再结晶使晶粒细化。Zr的添加能明显细化晶粒,尤其在挤压后Mg-11Li-3Al-0.1Zr合金晶粒尺寸仅为Mg-11Li-3Al合金的1/4左右。铸态时两种合金力学性能相近,Mg-11Li-3Al-0.1Zr合金伸长率略低;挤压变形后两种合金伸长率较高,而且由于加工硬化和细晶强化作用,强度明显提高,Mg-11Li-3Al-0.1Zr合金的强度达到194 MPa,较铸态提高32.8%。     

Mg-5Zn-4Nd合金挤压态的组织和力学性能

试验研究了Mg-5Zn-4Nd合金铸态及挤压态的组织和性能.结果表明,Nd的加入,可以使Mg-5Zn合金的铸态组织细化;在330℃±10℃温度下热挤压,可以使Mg-5Zn-4Nd合金的组织进一步细化,其纵向组织明显呈流线形;Mg-5Zn-4Nd合金挤压态的抗拉强度为330N/mm2,屈服强度为295N/mm2,伸长率为10%.     

Mg-1Mn-1Zn镁合金的组织与腐蚀行为研究

采用金属型铸造制备Mg-1Mn-1Zn(wt％)三元合金,并将其挤压成棒材.利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、浸泡试验法等研究了Mg-1Mn-Zn合金的微观组织及其在0.9％NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为.结果表明,Mg-1Mn-1Zn合金室温组织由树枝状的α-Mg相、非平衡共晶MgZn化合物相和脱溶析出的α-Mn相构成.热挤压使等轴晶粒沿挤压方向被拉长,呈现纤维状组织.Mg-1Mn-1Zn合金的平均腐蚀速率随时间增加逐渐降低.经过264 h浸泡后,挤压态Mg-1Mn-1Zn合金的平均腐蚀速率为0.44 mm/a,比铸态合金的低26.7％.     

热挤压对Mg-Zn-Y合金耐腐蚀性能的影响

采用金属型铸造法制备Mg-4Zn-1Y(wt%)合金,并在450℃下挤压成棒材。利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射、浸泡试验及电化学试验对铸态和挤压态Mg-4Zn-1Y微观组织、相组成及其在3.5%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为进行研究。结果表明:铸态合金的平均晶粒尺寸为50~60μm,而挤压态合金的平均晶粒尺寸降低到4~5μm。热挤压可明显提高合金的耐腐蚀性,且挤压态合金纵截面耐腐蚀性要稍优于横截面。在3.5%NaCl溶液中,挤压态合金纵截面的腐蚀速率仅为铸态合金腐蚀速率的1/2。     

往复挤压对Mg-0.85Zn-0.15Y-0.6Zr铸态组织和力学性能的影响

研究了往复挤压对准晶增强Mg-0.85Zn-0.15Y-0.6Zr铸态合金显微组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,往复挤压可大幅度细化Mg-0.85Zn-0.15Y-0.6Zr铸态合金组织,且使I相等相对均匀地分布在α-Mg基体中。同铸态合金相比,挤压后Mg-0.85Zn-0.15Y-0.6Zr合金的屈服强度、抗拉强度和延伸率分别提高了75.8%,43.2%和35%。     

Prospects of the Use of Synergetic Approach to Solution of Problems of the Science of Nanomaterials

A synergetic approach to solution of problems of self-controlled synthesis of nanostructures and creation of self-organizing nanotechnologies is considered in connection with the superproblem of creation of materials with functional properties resembling those of biosystems. __________ Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 7, pp. 55 – 61, July, 2005.     

Kinetics of the oxidation of metals — Influence of self-diffusion of metal

The importance of the self-diffusion of a metal during its oxidation by a gas is treated for the cases of nonstoichiometric oxides having either interstitial cation or cation vacancies. We have established a general relationship for the reaction rate when a mixed diffusion process occurs. From this relationship, we have shown that the pressure dependence can be different, according to whether the rate-determining process is the self-diffusion through the metal or through the product.     

胫骨生物陶瓷复合材料的微结构增韧机理

扫描电镜观察显示胫骨是一种由羟基磷灰石和胶原蛋白组成的自然生物陶瓷复合材料.羟基磷灰石具有层状的微结构并且平行于骨的表面排列.观察也显示这些羟基磷灰石层又是由许多羟基磷灰石片所组成,这些羟基磷灰石片具有长而薄的形状,也以平行的方式整齐排列.基于在胫骨中观察到的羟基磷灰石片的微结构特征,通过微结构模型分析及实验,研究了羟基磷灰石片平行排列微结构的最大拔出能.结果表明,羟基磷灰石片长而薄的形状以及平行排列方式增加了其最大拔出能,进而提高了骨的断裂韧性.     

Mechanism of Nucleation of Precipitates of Carbides of Refractory Metals Under Hot Rolling of Automotive Sheet Steel

Metal Science and Heat Treatment - The problem of formation of properties in microalloyed sheet steels is considered. The cause and the possible mechanism of precipitation of carbides of refractory...     

燃煤机组锅炉烟气脱硝灰中氨含量测定

NOx是大气环境的主要污染物之一,其主要来源为火力发电机组。依靠低氮燃烧技术,远达不到排放要求。选择性催化还原脱硝(简称SCR)技术是目前效率最高、最成熟、应用最广泛的电厂烟气脱硝技术。目前,在线氨逃逸监测技术存在诸多问题,影响了氨逃逸监测数据的准确度和稳定性。在燃料种类、炉膛结构、受热面布置、过量空气量、炉膛气流分布以及脱硝催化剂类型等条件确定的情况下,控制好氨加入量及其逃逸量是保证NOx脱除率的关键所在。燃煤锅炉除尘飞灰氨含量可侧面反映脱硝氨逃逸率的状况。根据国外的文献报道,正常情况下,电除尘灰中氨含量一般在50mg/kg-100mg/kg范围内。由于国内尚无灰中氨含量的测定方法,亦无脱硝运行对飞灰含氨量影响的数据积累。本文通过大量试验,确定了灰中氨溶解条件(如溶解时间、搅拌状态、灰水比、灰样量及其稳定性等),制定了灰中氨含量测定方法。     

Features of formation of the structure in production of blanks of disks of heat-resistant nickel alloys

Conclusions To provide a high level of mechanical properties in wrought blanks of cast ÉP741NP and ÉP962 alloys it is necessary to form controlled structures. A necklace-type structure formed in homogenizing isostatic treatment, subsequent thermomechanical working including alternation of the operations of deformation in the (+)-area and recrystallization anneals, and final heat treatment is preferable. The temperature conditions of all stages of thermomechanical working are strictly controlled, especially the final operation of deformation and heating for hardening. To eliminate hardening cracks and distortions it is necessary to use molten salts at t=600°C as quenchants. The use of multiple production operations makes it possible to significantly reduce the structural inhomogeneity related to inhertance of the original dendritic structure. However, the structure of the final semifinished product is nevertheless characterized by a difference in occurrence of the processes of polygonization and recrystallization between the former dendritic cells and the interdendritic spaces in deformation and heat treatment.To obtain structurally homogeneous blanks for gas turbine engine parts it is necessary to use basically new methods of remelting such as vacuum double electrode remelting and electron beam remelting with an intermediate vessel.Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 12, pp. 25–29, December, 1991.     

Ab-initio calculation of enthalpies of formation of intermetallic compounds and enthalpies of mixing of solid solutions

A large number of ab-initio calculations of energies of formation of intermetallic compounds have been performed in the last 15 years. The currently used methods are listed. The paper presents a review of the aluminium based compounds which have been studied. Comparisons of calculated and experimental enthalpies of formation are provided for aluminim-3d and-4d transition metal alloys at equiatomic composition. The modelling of the enthalpies of mixing of solid solutions based on a given lattice is described.