原位TiC／金属基激光熔覆涂层的微结构特征

利用激光熔覆制备了原位形成ＴｉＣ陶瓷颗粒增强金属基复合材料涂层,ＴｉＣ为熔覆时原位形成。颗粒细小弥散,具有内晶型及密度梯度分布特征;ＨＲＥＭ观察表明,ＴｉＣ／基体界面结构具有洁净及微晶过渡特征,无界面反应物;熔覆组织具有较高的显微度及耐磨性。     

激光熔覆原位合成TiC/Ti复合材料试验研究

利用激光熔覆技术，在工业纯钛表面原位合成了TiC／Ti复合材料。结果表明：选择不同的激光熔覆工艺参数，可使碳粉和Ti粉通过原位合成反应在钛表面生成TiC／Ti复合材料熔覆层；激光功率和扫描速率是影响熔覆层质量的主要因素：激光功率越大，形成的增强相颗粒尺寸越大，相应合金元素氧化也越严重；扫描速率越大，Ti与C的作用时间变短，增强相颗粒尺寸越细小，且增强相所占的体积分数也相应减少。用XRD、DES和SEM证明了TiC颗粒的存在，同时发现颗粒分布具有一定的均匀性，原位生成的TiC颗粒主要以等轴状和块状两种形态存在。     

激光熔覆原位合成TiC_p/Al复合材料

利用激光熔覆技术 ,在ZL10 4合金表面原位合成了TiCp/Al复合材料层。实验结果表明 ,经 2 0h混制的Al Ti C粉末 ,在激光熔覆过程中可以充分反应合成TiCp;在所形成的TiCp/Al复合材料层中 ,TiC颗粒尺寸细小 ,约 80 0nm ;经激光熔覆后的TiCp/Al复合材料层中TiC分布均匀 ,仅表层有约 2 0 μm的TiC颗粒富集区和邻近基底部分有 2 0 μm的稀释区     

多层氩弧熔敷含TiC颗粒增强涂层的微观组织及耐磨性能

利用多层多道钨极氩弧熔覆技术,熔融预涂于钢基体表面钛铁和石墨混合粉末,可以在普通碳钢表面获得综合性能优异的复合材料表面熔敷层;测试和分析表明,熔敷层微观组织主要由铁素体、低碳马氏体、原位生成的TiC颗粒及碳化物等组成;熔敷层表面硬度达到了HRC 57以上,呈梯度分布特征;滑动磨损试验表明,由于TiC增强颗粒的存在,熔敷层与摩擦副的摩擦系数在磨损过程中不稳定,变化范围较大;TiC颗粒对摩擦的阻碍、钉扎作用大大提高了熔敷层的抗磨损性能,熔敷层磨损体积比基体金属小15～20倍,具有良好的耐磨性能.     

TC4钛合金表面激光熔覆法制备Y_2O_3颗粒增强Ni/TiC复合涂层

采用激光熔覆法在TC4钛合金表面原位制备Y2O3颗粒增强Ni/TiC复合涂层,研究涂层的相组成、微结构、成分分布及性能。结果表明,复合涂层内的微结构和成分在深度方向具有分层现象,这主要是由激光熔覆过程的快速熔凝和冷却过程所致。在激光熔覆过程中,TiC粉末完全熔化并在凝固过程中析出为细小枝晶,这些TiC枝晶的尺寸随着深度的增加而减小,而Y2O3颗粒则分布在整个重熔层中。Y2O3颗粒增强Ni/TiC复合涂层具有较均匀的硬度,其最高值约为HV1380,比基体高4倍以上。由于复合涂层具有高的硬度,钛合金经过激光熔覆后其耐磨性得到大幅度提高。     

激光熔覆钛基复合涂层中原位自生TiC的形态特征与生长机制

为研究激光熔覆过程中原位自生TiC的生长机制,使用扫描电子显微镜对TC4+10%Cr3C2混合粉末CO2激光熔覆涂层中原位自生TiC的分布与形态特征进行了观察.结果表明,涂层中TiC主要以枝晶、颗粒丛和平均尺寸在0.5 μm左右的密集小颗粒3种形态出现,并表现出了"枝晶(表面附近)→颗粒丛(涂层中部)→密集小颗粒(结合界面附近)"的分布特点.涂层中的枝晶具有块状颗粒线性排列的特征,多呈十字状,二次晶臂间表现出较一致的取向;颗粒丛形貌中不同TiC颗粒间取向杂乱,表现为随机粘结,无明显取向;结合界面附近的密集TiC小颗粒多呈随机分布,表面光滑近球状,无明显的棱角.分析表明,涂层中不同形态的TiC分布主要取决于对应位置的过冷度和冷却速度.大的过冷度能够显著增加形核密度,而过高的冷却速度将导致TiC晶体长大不充分.涂层中原位自生TiC所表现出的上述分布与形态特征为TiC晶体自身的晶体学特点和液固前沿的温度、浓度梯度等因素共同作用的结果.     

原位自生TiCp/Ni60A复合涂层组织结构及长大特性

以Ni60A、钛粉和石墨粉为原料,采用高频感应熔覆技术,在16Mn钢表面原位合成了TiC颗粒增强镍基复合材料涂层.借助扫描电境、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计对复合涂层的组织结构、TiC颗粒的生长方式和性能进行了分析.结果表明:TiC是由钛粉和石墨粉原位反应生成的,原位形成的TiC颗粒细小,分布均匀,平均尺寸为0.5～1 μm.熔覆层与基体呈冶金结合,涂层无裂纹、无气孔等缺陷.熔覆层组织由TiC颗粒、γ-Ni奥氏体枝晶和枝晶间M23C6共晶组织组成.熔覆层中TiC颗粒的形状有2种,一种是规则形状的八面体,另一种是由微小的八面体TiC堆积而成的花瓣状.TiC颗粒的长大是由微小的八面体TiC颗粒堆积而成,以对角连接方式长大速度最快.涂层的维氏硬度可达9800MPa～10000 MPa.     

原位自生TiCp／Ni60A复合涂层组织结构及长大特性

以Ni60A、钛粉和石墨粉为原料，采用高频感应熔覆技术，在16Mn钢表面原位合成了TiC颗粒增强镍基复合材料涂层。借助扫描电境、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计对复合涂层的组织结构、TiC颗粒的生长方式和性能进行了分析。结果表明：TiC是由钛粉和石墨粉原位反应生成的，原位形成的TiC颗粒细小，分布均匀，平均尺寸为0．5～1μm。熔覆层与基体呈冶金结合，涂层无裂纹、无气孔等缺陷。熔覆层组织由TiC颗粒、γ—Ni奥氏体枝晶和枝晶间M23C6共晶组织组成。熔覆层中TiC颗粒的形状有2种，一种是规则形状的八面体，另一种是由微小的八面体TiC堆积而成的花瓣状。TiC颗粒的长大是由微小的八面体TiC颗粒堆积而成，以对角连接方式长大速度最快。涂层的维氏硬度可达9800MPa～10000MPa。     

氩弧原位合成TiC颗粒增强Fe基复合层

通过在Fe基自熔合金粉末中添加一定比率的强碳化物形成元素Ti及石墨,采用氩弧熔敷法在中碳钢基体上制备原位形成的TiC颗粒增强Fe基合金复合涂层.利用扫描电镜、电子探针、X射线衍射和图像分析系统,对熔敷层显微组织及其影响因素进行了观察与分析.研究结果表明,利用氩弧熔敷技术,可以原位形成细小、弥散分布的TiC颗粒;TiC颗粒沿熔敷层深度呈梯度分布.通过调整预置涂层的厚度、熔敷工艺参数以及石墨的加入量,可以调整控制熔敷层的成形及组织与性能.     

钛合金表面激光熔覆原位钛基复合材料涂层

通过激光熔覆不同比例TA15与Cr3C2的混和粉末,在TA15钛合金表面制备出原位钛基复合材料涂层,分析了涂层的组织、相组成、硬度及界面结合情况。研究表明,激光熔覆过程中,Cr3C2颗粒溶解并与Ti发生反应,在涂层中形成弥散分布的TiC;随原始粉末中Cr3C2添加量的增加,涂层中TiC含量及涂层硬度增加,TiC有等轴颗粒状及枝晶两种形貌;涂层组织致密,与基体呈完全冶金结合,涂层内TiC与钛合金基体界面结合良好,经弯曲及热震试验后,涂层未出现剥落现象,表明涂层与基体具有很好的相容性。     

Formation of surface layer based on Al3Ti on aluminum by laser cladding and its compatibility with ceramics

Intermetallic compound Al₃Ti or intermetallic compound matrix composite (IMC) surface layers were formed on Al surface by laser cladding. To form sound IMC surface layers, laser conditions must be controlled to suppress the melting of base metal. With increasing the volume fraction of ceramics in the IMC layer, it needed higher laser power to obtain IMC layer although the control of laser conditions became easier. During laser cladding, TiB₂ melted by laser irradiation and then homogeneously precipitated as fine particles at a cooling stage. On the contrary, TiC and SiC hardly melted and were dispersed in Al₃Ti matrix. SiC reacted with Ti to form titanium-silicide or TiC, which made the composition of matrix richer in Al than Al₃Ti and caused degradation of the wear property. IMC surface layer improved the wear property of Al substrate. The particle size as well as volume fraction of dispersoid ceramics affected the wear property.     

Microstructure and wear properties of TiC/FeCrBSi surface composite coating prepared by laser cladding

Titanium carbide particles reinforced Fe-based surface composite coatings were fabricated by laser cladding using a 5 kW CO₂ laser. The microstructure, phase structure and wear properties were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, as well as dry sliding wear test. The results showed that TiC carbides were formed via in situ reaction between ferrotitanium and graphite in the molten pool during the laser-clad process. The morphology of TiC is mainly cubic and dendritic form; and the TiC carbides were distributed uniformly in the composite coating. The TiC/matrix interface was found to be free from cracks and deleterious phases. The coatings reinforced by TiC particles revealed higher wear resistance and lower friction coefficient than that of the substrate and FeCrBSi laser-clad coating.     

纯铜表面氩弧熔覆TiB2/Ni复合涂层组织及耐磨性能

通过氩弧熔覆技术在纯铜表面制备TiB₂增强 Ni 基复合涂层,以改善其耐磨性能. 将钛粉、硼粉和镍粉在球磨机中充分混合,采用氩弧熔覆技术将纯铜表面预置粉末熔化制备出陶瓷颗粒增强镍基熔覆层. 采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜分析涂层的物相及涂层中陶瓷颗粒相的组成、分布及结构,利用显微硬度仪和摩擦磨损试验机测试涂层的显微硬度和耐磨性能. 结果表明,熔覆层物相主要包括γ(Ni, Cu)和TiB₂;陶瓷颗粒增强相弥散分布于熔覆层中,其中颗粒相TiB₂以六边形存在,熔覆层内部与基体界面处均无缺陷产生;熔覆涂层具有较高的显微硬度,当(Ti+B)质量分数为10%时,涂层显微硬度高达781.3 HV,与纯铜基体对比,熔覆层显微硬度提高约11.7倍;在相同磨损条件下,随(Ti+B)质量分数的增加,熔覆涂层的摩擦系数及磨损失重先减小后增大;氩弧熔覆原位自生TiB₂陶瓷颗粒增强镍基熔覆层可显著提高纯铜表面的耐磨性能.     

铝合金表面激光熔覆原位自生TiC增强金属基复合材料涂层

以Ti,SiC混合粉末作为预置合金涂层,采用2kW连续Nd:YAG固体激光器进行激光熔覆处理,在6061铝合金表面借助于接触反应法制备原位生成TiC颗粒增强Al-Ti复合材料涂层。试验结果表明：采用适合的激光辐照工艺参数,可获得增强相TiC弥散分布,以Ti-Al金属间化合物及Al过饱和固溶体为主要组成相的复合材料熔覆层组织。TiC颗粒与复合材料基体润湿良好,熔覆层结晶致密,与6061铝合金基材呈良好的冶金,珂明显地改善铝合金的表面性能。     

激光形成原位TiC颗粒增强涂层的组织及性能

利用激光熔覆制备了ＴｉＣ颗粒（ＴｉＣｐ）增强金属基复合材料涂层,其中ＴｉＣｐ为激光熔覆过程中原位形成。细小的原位ＴｉＣｐ尺寸为几十至几百纳米,弥散分布于晶粒内部,并在涂层中呈密度梯度分布;高分辨电子显微镜证实了ＴｉＣ／涂层合金的相界面洁净,无界面反应物及非晶结构存在;涂层具有较高的显微硬度及耐磨损性能。     

TiC增强高锰钢基复合材料的组织与磨损性能

高锰钢是传统的耐磨材料。为进一步提升高锰钢的耐磨性能,使其能满足复杂工况的使用要求,本文采用凝固析出方法制备了不同体积分数TiC增强的高锰钢基复合材料,系统研究了复合材料的显微组织和磨料磨损性能。热处理后,复合材料由奥氏体和TiC两相组成,TiC颗粒均匀分布在高锰钢基体中,颗粒与基体界面清洁。磨料磨损实验表明,TiC颗粒的引入提高了复合材料耐磨性能。然而,复合材料的磨损性能随着TiC体积分数的增加而降低。研究表明这是因为随着TiC体积分数的提高,陶瓷粒径尺寸增大且部分形成团簇,陶瓷颗粒在磨损过程中发生破碎从而提高磨损率。     

Wear resistance of WCp/Duplex Stainless Steel metal matrix composite layers prepared by laser melt injection

Laser Melt Injection (LMI) was used to prepare metal matrix composite layers with a thickness of about 0.7 mm and approximately 10% volume fraction of WC particles in three kinds of Cast Duplex Stainless Steels (CDSSs). WC particles were injected into the molten surface layer using Nd:YAG high power laser beam. As a result the microstructure characterized by hard ceramic particles distributed in a metal matrix with the strong bonding to substrate is formed in the surface layer of the treated metal.Dry sliding wear properties of these metal matrix composites layers were measured and compared with the wear properties of the substrate and with surfaces simply remelted by the laser beam. The observed wear mechanisms are summarized and related to detailed microstructural observations. The layers have been found to show excellent interfacial bonding, coupled with substantially improved tribological properties expressed through the wear resistance increase of 8 times. The amount of WC particles was sufficient to reinforce the matrix and the particles have shown a good bonding to the matrix to support the contact stress in the layer.     

自生TiC_P/Al-4Cu复合材料的组织与力学性能

应用反应合成工艺制备了自生TiCP/Al 4Cu复合材料。通过XRD分析了自生TiCP/Al 4Cu复合材料的相组成 ,用SEM观察了自生TiCP/Al 4Cu复合材料的微观组织和断口形貌 ,测试了自生TiCP/Al 4Cu复合材料的力学性能。结果表明 :自生TiCP/Al 4Cu复合材料增强颗粒细小圆整 ,在基体中分布均匀。在T6状态下具有优良的综合力学性能     

Fabrication of multiple carbide particles reinforced Fe-based surface hardfacing layer produced by gas tungsten arc welding process

In this paper, a multiple carbide particle reinforced Fe-based surface coating has been in situ synthesized by gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) melting a precursor mixture of graphite, ferrotitanium (Fe-Ti) and ferrovanadium (Fe-V) alloy powders on AISI 1020 steel substrate. The microstructure and wear properties of the Fe-based surface hardfacing layers were investigated by means of a scanning electron microanalysis (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and wear tester. The results showed that (Ti,V)C multiple carbide particle and TiC carbide particle can be synthesized via reaction of Fe-Ti, Fe-V and graphite during GTAW melting process. The selection area diffraction pattern (SADP) analysis indicated that (Ti,V)C crystallizes with the cubic structure, which indicates that (Ti,V)C carbides were multiple carbides with V dissolved in the TiC structure. The Fe-based surface hardfacing layer reinforced by multiple carbides gave an excellent wear resistance and appeared a mild wear with fine scratches.     

Fracture toughness of in situ TiCp–AlNp/Al composite

The effect of particle size, particle volume fraction, and matrix microstructure on the fracture initiation toughness of in situ TiCp–AlNp/Al composite was examined. The composites were Al matrix reinforced with 7.8–19.6 vol.% of TiC and AlN particles produced in situ by S-V-L reaction synthetics. The average particle diameters of TiC and AlN were 3.5 and 0.9 μm, respectively, which were distributed in the Al in a matrix dispersedly manner. The room-temperature plane-strain toughness measured using three-point bending specimens ranged from 12.7 to 37.5 MPa . Toughness was adversely affected by an increase in the TiCp–AlNp volume fraction. Fractography revealed that these composites failed in a ductile manner, with voids initiating at the in situ reinforcing TiC and AlN particles. The experimentally measured plane-strain toughness properties of in situ TiCp–AlNp/Al composite agrees with the Rice and Johnson model.