柠檬酸钠对Ni-Sn-Mo合金电沉积机理及析氢行为的影响

目的 在酸性柠檬酸钠体系中，研究了柠檬酸钠对Ni-Sn-Mo合金电沉积机理的影响，明确最大电极反应速率和析氢性能最好的合金镀层对应的柠檬酸钠浓度。方法 采用循环伏安法、电化学阻抗谱、计时电流法和阴极极化曲线，对不同柠檬酸钠浓度下Ni-Sn-Mo合金电沉积行为及析氢性能进行研究，采用扫描电镜对Ni-Sn-Mo合金的表面形貌进行表征，并用能谱仪检测合金的成分。结果 由循环伏安曲线得出Ni-Sn-Mo合金的电沉积是一个不可逆过程，当柠檬酸钠浓度为0.2 mol/L时，合金共沉积还原峰的电位最正（-0.96 V(vs. Ag/Ag+)）。由电化学阻抗谱可知，当柠檬酸钠浓度为0.1 mol/L时，在低频端出现扩散特征；当柠檬酸钠浓度为0.2~0.4 mol/L时，反应不受扩散影响；当柠檬酸钠浓度为0.2 mol/L时，极化电阻（Rp）达到最小值（11 718.1 Ω?cm2），电极反应最容易发生。由计时电流曲线可知，随着柠檬酸钠浓度的增大，Ni-Sn-Mo合金晶核形成始终遵循连续成核规律。由SEM和EDS分析表明，随着柠檬酸钠浓度增大，Ni-Sn-Mo合金的晶粒尺寸先减小后增大；随着合金中Sn含量增加，合金的晶粒由胞状转变为不规则形状。由阴极极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱可知，当柠檬酸钠浓度为0.1 mol/L时，析氢电位（-1.05 V）最正，电荷转移电阻（4.906 Ω?cm2）最小，析氢性能最好，从能量因素和几何因素上都改善了合金的析氢性能。结论 当柠檬酸钠浓度为0.2 mol/L时，还原峰电位最正，电极反应最容易发生。在Ni-Mo合金镀层中添加Sn，增加了镀层的比表面积，并且提高了电子传输速率，有利于析氢性能的提高。     

镀液基本组成对脉冲电镀Zn-Ni-Mn合金镀层的影响

在硫酸盐-柠檬酸钠体系中脉冲电镀Zn-Ni-Mn合金镀层。采用扫描电镜、辉光放电光谱仪研究了主盐浓度比及柠檬酸钠含量对Zn-Ni-Mn合金镀层表面形貌、镀层中各元素含量及沉积速率的影响,并采用Tafel曲线法研究了镀层的耐蚀性。结果表明,主盐摩尔浓度比C_(Zn)~(2+)∶C_(Ni)~(2+)∶C_(Mn)~(2+)为3∶2∶7,柠檬酸钠含量为0.6 mol/L时能够得到晶粒细小、均匀、致密,锰含量与沉积速率相对较高的镀层,并表现出优异的耐腐蚀性能。     

氨络合物体系中杂质Zn~(2+)对电沉积镍的影响

通过霍尔槽试验研究氨络合物体系中杂质Zn~(2+)对镍电沉积的影响,采用电化学工作站测试不同Zn~(2+)浓度时的循环伏安曲线、稳态极化曲线及电流时间暂态曲线.结果表明:杂质Zn~(2+)的含量为0.1 g/L时,在小于2.78 A/dm的电流密度范围内可正常沉积出金属镍;杂质Zn~(2+)含量大于0.5 g/L时,在较大的电流密度范围内均无法正常沉积出金属镍;过电位小于640 mV时,Zn~(2+)的存在不影响阴极反应的传递系数,且不改变阴极反应机理;当过电位大于640 mV,且杂质Zn~(2+)的浓度大于0.5 g/L时,阴极反应的传递系数减小,阴极反应机理发生改变;杂质Zn~(2+)浓度大于0.5 g/L时,严重影响镍电结晶过程的成核速率,这是其抑制金属镍电沉积的主要原因.因此,采用镍氨络合物体系电积金属镍,应控制杂质Zn~(2+)的含量小于0.1 g/L.     

脉冲频率对Zn-Ni-Mn合金镀层的影响

采用脉冲电镀法在Q235钢表面制备Zn-Ni-Mn合金镀层,研究脉冲频率对Zn-Ni-Mn合金镀层元素组成、沉积速率、表面形貌及耐腐蚀性的影响。结果表明,随脉冲频率的增大,Zn-Ni-Mn合金镀层中锰含量增大,锌、镍含量减小;沉积速率先升高后降低;晶粒尺寸减小;耐腐蚀性先增强后减弱。脉冲频率为1000 Hz时制备的Zn-Ni-Mn合金镀层耐蚀性最好。     

施镀时间对脉冲电镀Zn-Ni-Mn合金镀层的影响

采用脉冲电镀法在Q235钢表面制备Zn-Ni-Mn合金镀层。利用辉光放电光谱仪(GDS)、扫描电镜(SEM)、塔菲尔(Tafel)曲线和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)研究了施镀时间对合金镀层元素含量、沉积速率、表面形貌及耐蚀性的影响。结果表明:随施镀时间的延长,镀层中锌、镍含量降低,锰含量升高;镀层沉积速率增大;镀层耐蚀性先增强后减弱。施镀时间20 min所得镀层均匀致密,耐蚀性最佳。在最佳施镀时间20 min下所制备的Zn-Ni-Mn合金镀层与Zn-Ni合金镀层相比,其自腐蚀电位更正,自腐蚀电流密度更低,具有更加优异的耐蚀性。     

电流密度对脉冲电镀Zn-Ni-Mn合金镀层的影响

通过脉冲电镀技术在Q235钢基体上制备出Zn-Ni-Mn合金镀层。研究了电流密度对镀层表面形貌、成分、沉积速率及耐蚀性的影响。结果表明,随着电流密度的增大,沉积速率先增大再减小;镀层中锰含量升高,锌、镍含量降低。随电流密度增加,该镀层随耐蚀性先增强后减弱。电流密度为3.0 A·dm~(-2)时,所得Zn-Ni-Mn合金镀层平整致密,耐蚀性最好。Zn-Ni-Mn合金镀层在3.5%NaCl溶液中的耐蚀性比在5.0%NaOH溶液中更好。     

纳米结构黑镍薄膜的电沉积机理

采用直流电沉积技术在改性的Watt镀镍溶液中获得了纳米晶黑镍薄膜, 采用SEM和XRD对薄膜的表面形貌和相组成进行了表征, 采用循环伏安法和电化学阻抗谱对黑镍薄膜的初始电沉积行为进行了研究. 结果表明, 黑镍薄膜表面平整光亮, 具有纳米晶结构; 黑镍薄膜的电沉积过程遵循3D成核/生长机制; 随着阴极沉积电势(负偏压)的增大, 黄铜电极表面Ni的电沉积反应\linebreak 由UPD沉积、异质成核/生长转化为最终的同质成核/生长, 相应的电荷转移电阻R_t的值先增大然后减小; 在较高的阴极沉积电势作用下, 由于吸附H原子(H₂分子)的结晶阻止作用和(镍)羟基化合物的吸附作用, 电沉积EIS图出现低频和超低频感抗弧.     

聚乙二醇-600对酸性Zn-Ni合金的电沉积行为及镀层耐蚀性影响的研究

采用循环伏安(CV)曲线研究了聚乙二醇-600 (PEG-600)在酸性Zn-Ni合金基础镀液中对Zn-Ni合金电沉积行为的影响;采用电化学阻抗谱(EIS)、动电位极化曲线与表面形貌分析方法研究了酸性Zn-Ni合金基础镀液中,聚乙二醇-600的浓度对Zn-Ni合金镀层表面微观形貌及耐蚀性的影响.结果 表明,PEG-60...     

镀液pH值对Ni-Mo-C合金镀层析氢性能的影响

通过电沉积法在纯铜表面制备Ni-Mo-C合金镀层,采用能谱仪(EDS)、扫描电镜(SEM)、线性伏安扫描法(LSV)和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)等方法研究了镀液pH值对Ni-Mo-C合金镀层元素组成、沉积速率、表面形貌及析氢性能的影响。结果表明:随着镀液pH值的增大,镀层中Ni、C的含量先减小后增大,Mo的含量先增大后减小;当镀液pH=4.5时,电沉积速率最大;能量因素和几何因素的优化均可增强合金镀层的析氢性能,能量因素对析氢性能的促进作用大于几何因素;当镀液pH=4.5时,镀层中Mo含量最大,吸附氢的脱吸附能力最强,析氢性能最好。     

镍铁钨合金的电沉积行为研究

应用电化学方法研究了Ni-Fe-W合金的电沉积机理,并对Ni-Fe-W合金镀层的微观形貌和组成成分进行了表征.循环伏安测试表明,Ni-Fe-W合金电沉积是不可逆电极过程,且WO42-浓度的变化不改变电沉积机理;计时电流法研究表明,Ni-Fe-W合金在铜电极上的电结晶过程符合三维瞬时成核的生长机理;SEM和EDS结果表明,Ni-Fe-W合金镀层由纳米级的小颗粒组成,合金的组成为Ni 58.76%,Fe 32.72%,W 8.52%(原子数分数,后同).     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.     

Structural Optimization of Electromagnetic Swirling Flow in Nozzle of Slab Continuous Casting

During the slab continuous casting process, the flow field of molten steel in the mold plays a decisive role in the quality of the slab. In this paper, electromagnetic swirling flow in nozzle technology is proposed to control the flow field in mold.This technology can drive molten steel to rotate inside the submerged entry nozzle by electromagnetic force, thereby controlling the flow field. This research shows that it can reduce the impact of molten steel on the bottom of nozzle and partly reduce the negative pressure at the upper part of nozzle outlet which is even eliminated by optimizing the structure and angle of nozzle. The area of heat flux of the mold wall becomes larger, and the crest value of heat flux gets lower than that without swirling in nozzle and any nozzle optimization. The meniscus fluctuates smoothly, and the flow velocity at the top surface is within a reasonable range. The temperature field distribution in the mold is uniform which was beneficial to the growth of equiaxed crystal and decreased element segregation.