数值计算模拟工艺参数对电子束焊接残余应力的影响

电子束焊接残余应力的实测需要花费大量成本,因此采用数值模拟其焊接残余应力的大小和分布具有重要意义.利用三维有限元分析程序,建立了TC4钛合金板电子束焊接温度场和残余应力场的有限元分析模型,着重分析了高压和中压两种工艺参数对其接头焊接残余应力的影响.旨在探讨不同工艺参数对电子束焊接过程的影响规律,从而优化工艺,降低成本.计算结果表明,采用中压参数焊接的电子束焊接接头残余应力的峰值比采用高压参数的接头残余应力峰值高;而且其残余应力分布更集中于焊接接头中段.     

Ti3Al金属间化合物电子束深熔焊接过程数值模拟

基于有限元法，采用改进的双椭球热源模型，对电子束深熔焊接Ti3Al过程进行了移动热源条件下准稳态三维温度场的数值模拟。该模型复合了熔深与电子束参数及材料性质的关系，考虑了对流和辐射散热、相变潜热、材料热物理性能参量随温度的变化以及液态金属的对流传热。通过比较熔深、熔宽的计算值和实际测量值，验证了该模型在电子束焊接温度场模拟中的适用性。     

高温合金电子束焊接温度场数值模拟

根据熔池边界准则应用有限元方法对高温合金电子束焊接温度场进行了数值模拟.通过线性插值、等效代换等方式估计材料高温参数,模拟材料状态变化.针对电子束焊接特有的钉头状焊缝及其穿透深度大的特点,采用高斯面热源与柱体热源组成的组合热源模型,对焊接温度场进行分析,模拟结果与实际焊缝取得了良好的一致.获得了一定工艺条件下高温合金电子束焊接温度场的分布特征及焊接过程热循环曲线,为优化电子束焊接工艺和电子束焊接残余应力研究提供了参考.     

12 mm厚钛合金平板电子束焊接的数值模拟

采用ANSYS有限元分析软件,建立12 mm厚TC4钛合金平板电子束焊接温度场和应力场的三维有限元数值计算模型。模型采用圆锥体热源考虑电子束焊接时的小孔效应;材料的热学、力学性能参数随温度变化;相变和熔池内液体的对流散热通过比热和热导率的变化实现。计算结果表明：钛合金电子束焊接时,熔池呈典型的卵形分布。高值纵向残余拉应力集中分布在焊缝中心线两侧距焊缝中心线4 mm的区域内,平板内部出现接近材料屈服极限的局部三维残余拉应力状态。实验得到的焊缝宏观形貌和小孔释放法检测到的焊接残余应力对计算结果进行验证,实验结果和计算结果吻合较好,证明了有限元模型的正确性。     

AZ61镁合金真空电子束焊接温度场数值模拟

对板厚10 mm AZ61镁合金板材进行了真空电子束焊接数值模拟研究.利用有限元模型以及三维移动双椭球热源模型,采用数值模拟的方法研究了电子束流与焊接过程温度场及焊缝熔深之间的关系.结果表明,建立的模型能够获得电子束深熔型焊接的效果,模拟焊缝成形及焊缝区、热影响区温度场分布与试验焊缝成形及实际电子束焊接特点较为一致,这也证明了该模型在AZ61镁合金电子束平板对焊有限元模拟中有较好的适用性.     

TI-6Al-4V钛合金电子束焊接有限元分析

采用有限元方法模拟分析了厚6 mm的Ti-6Al-4V钛合金电子束焊接过程,计算研究了瞬态温度场的分布特点、规律及特征点的温度变化历程,在准确计算焊接温度场的基础上通过热-应力顺序耦合,模拟计算了Ti-6Al-4V钛合金电子束焊接头的应力场的分布特征.结果表明:模拟计算的焊缝形貌与实际焊接试验所得基本吻合,焊接温度场整...     

基于ANSYS的钛合金电子束焊缝形貌预测及验证

采用ANSYS有限元分析软件,建立了3mm厚TCA钛合金平板电子束焊接温度场的三维有限元数值计算模型,选取双椭球体热源模型作为热输入,考虑材料热物理性能参数随温度的变化,通过计算得到焊缝中心线上及附近各点的热循环曲线、熔池及焊缝截面形貌,并估算了焊缝宽度和热影响区宽度。最后用实验加以验证。通过对比分析,模拟和实验结果相吻合,证明有限元模型的准确性。     

某型航空发动机液压作动筒电子束焊接仿真分析

针对某型航空发动机液压作动筒电子束焊接,采用SYSWELD软件模拟液压作动筒电子束焊接过程,通过数值建模和仿真计算,对比分析了不同热输入对焊缝熔宽和熔深的影响,获得了在不同热输入下作动筒的瞬时温度场分布和温度循环曲线,为选择和优化液压作动筒电子束焊接工艺参数提供了理论依据。     

BT20钛合金电子束热处理残余应力计算

利用三维有限元分析软件，模拟了BT20钛合金薄板焊态和焊后电子束局部热处理的实际焊接温度场以及残余应力的分布。结合数值计算，讨论了不同的热处理方式以及热处理工艺参数对焊接接头残余应力分布的影响。结果表明，在钛合金薄板焊缝的背面进行电子束局部热处理，可以显著降低焊缝中心处的残余拉应力。数值计算结果还表明，在其它工艺参数相同的情况下，随着局部热处理加热宽度和加热时间的增加，焊缝及近缝区的纵向残余应力随之降低，同时产生残余应力的范围也随之增大。     

16Mn特厚钢板多道焊温度场数值模拟

为了研究特厚板多层多道焊温度场分布,对两块板厚60 mm的16Mn特厚钢板的焊接过程进行了数值模拟和实验研究。利用ANSYS有限元软件和分布式计算方法,采用"生死单元"技术实现了模拟过程中焊接材料的逐步填充,对特厚钢板的对接多道焊过程进行三维瞬态温度场数值模拟。同时采用埋弧自动焊对16Mn特厚钢板进行了17道焊接,焊接工艺参数与计算参数相同,焊接过程采用热电偶测量温度场,并与计算值相比较,结果表明:分布式计算方法可以有效缩短计算时间,且计算值与实验测量值吻合良好,成功实现了60 mm特厚板多层多道焊的温度场数值模拟。     

电子束焊接技术在角锥喇叭天线上的应用

研究了角锥喇叭天线的电子束焊接工艺,并与传统的氩弧焊成形工艺进行了对比.采用正背面成形的对比试验和金相分析法进一步确定了电子束扫描的有效性.解决了喇叭口径精度、单面焊双面成形等技术难点并成功应用于产品.     

Nb521铌合金电子束焊工艺研究

对Nb521铌合金进行了电子束焊工艺试验研究,优化了工艺参数,分析了焊缝表面成形及焊接接头组织、常温和高温力学性能。结果表明:Nb521具有良好的电子束焊接性能,焊缝常温拉伸强度、屈服强度均能达到母材的95%以上,延伸率达到母材的86.7%,在1 600℃以下焊缝性能良好。     

异种材料真空电子束焊接研究现状分析

真空电子束焊接具有高能量密度、束斑直径和位置精确可控,焊接残余应力小,焊缝无污染等优点,因此,电子束焊接在异种材料连接领域的应用成为近年来研究的热点,并取得了大量的研究成果,部分已经在工业生产中得到了应用.由于电子束焊接属于熔化焊接,因此在异种金属连接中也存在冶金过程带来的困难.文中对异种材料的真空电子束焊接的研究现状进行了分析,对不同类型的异种材料接头真空电子束焊接中存在的问题和解决方法进行了总结,并提出了今后异种材料真空电子束焊接的研究重点.     

UPA based 3D visualization of discontinuities in great thickness EBW seam 1

Electron beam welding (EBW) is a fusion welding process in which a beam of high-velocity electrons is applied to two materials to be joined.It is a complex high-temperature metallurgical process,and the quality of welding may deteriorate because of defects caused by improper welding parameters,especially in the EBW of thickened aluminum alloy plate.Ultrasonic phased array(UPA) technology has been applied more widely in the field of nondestructive testing because of its ability of effectively controlling the shape and direction of the emitted ultrasonic beam.In present research,a specimen with EBW seam on thickened aluminum plate was tested with a linear array ultrasonic phased array probe,and a large number of B-scan images of the weld were acquired by electronic scanning in probe combined with the mechanical scanning of the probe along the weld direction.This large number of B-scan images were stacked to construct the volume data,with which the 3D image of the weld discontinuities were reconstructed,and the 3D visualization was realized.More details about weld discontinuities' spatial distribution and orientation were revealed,and this approach also made the results of non-destructive ultrasonic testing more easily to understand.     

UPA based 3D visualization of discontinuities in great thickness EBW seam

Electron beam welding(EBW) is a fusion welding process in which a beam of high-velocity electrons is applied to two materials to be joined.It is a complex high-temperature metallurgical process,and the quality of welding may deteriorate because of defects caused by improper welding parameters,especially in the EBW of thickened aluminum alloy plate.Ultrasonic phased array(UPA) technology has been applied more widely in the field of nondestructive testing because of its ability of effectively controlling the shape and direction of the emitted ultrasonic beam.In present research,a specimen with EBW seam on thickened aluminum plate was tested with a linear array ultrasonic phased array probe,and a large number of B-scan images of the weld were acquired by electronic scanning in probe combined with the mechanical scanning of the probe along the weld direction.This large number of B-scan images were stacked to construct the volume data,with which the 3D image of the weld discontinuities were reconstructed,and the 3D visualization was realized.More details about weld discontinuities' spatial distribution and orientation were revealed,and this approach also made the results of non-destructive ultrasonic testing more easily to understand.     

电子束横焊3mm纯铌板的熔池形态研究

高能加速器纯铌超导腔内导体,要求加工后的外表面光滑平整,以保证其特殊性能的要求。在电子束平焊全熔透情况下,超导腔焊缝正面在反冲压力作用下易发生未焊满及塌陷等缺陷。本文采用合适的电子束横焊工艺参数,得到了符合工艺要求的正面余高焊缝。并且建立了3mm厚的高纯铌板横焊过程的二维模型,针对不同的焊接参数分别设计了不同尺寸和形状的熔池,结合VOF算法,模拟焊接熔池里液态金属自由表面存在状态,得到了不同焊接参数下熔池的演变过程。实验结果显示,焊接熔宽随焊接线能量的升高而增大,数值模拟与实验结果较吻合。     

Electron beam welding of precipitation hardened CuCrZr alloy: Modeling and experimentation

In order to maintain the structural consistency during the welding of precipitation hardened copper− chromium−zirconium (PH-CuCrZr) alloy components, electron beam welding (EBW) process was employed. Experimental study and numerical modeling of EBW process during welding of PH-CuCrZr alloy components were carried out. A 3D finite element model was developed to predict the output responses (bead penetration and bead width) as a function of EBW input parameters (beam current, acceleration voltage and weld speed). A combined circular and conical source with Gaussian heat distribution was used to model the deep penetration characteristic of the EBW process. Numerical modeling was carried out by developing user defined function in Ansys software. Numerical predictions were compared with the experimental results which had a good agreement with each other. The developed model can be used for parametric study in wide range of problems involving complex geometries which are to be welded using EBW process. The present work illustrates that the input current with a contribution of 44.56% and 81.13% is the most significant input parameter for the bead penetration and bead width, respectively.     

多束流电子束焊接对Ti6Al4V钛合金薄板变形的影响

多束流电子束焊是一种能够同时产生多个电子束流作为焊接热源的电子束焊接新技术,能够有效的减小焊接应力和变形。为了减小Ti6Al4V钛合金薄板焊接变形,本文提出了一种新型的多束流电子束焊接技术,除了熔化金属的主束流外,还包括两个对称分布的辅助束流用来焊后加热。分别用传统电子束焊和多束流电子束焊对1 mm厚的Ti6Al4V钛合金薄板进行焊接试验,试验表明,通过调节两个辅助束流的位置和能量分布,多束流电子束焊能够有效减小钛合金薄板的焊接变形。