船用辅汽轮机转子汽封轴颈喷涂WC–12Co涂层的摩擦学性能

采用超音速火焰喷涂技术和电镀技术分别在45钢试件表面制备了WC-12Co涂层和硬铬镀层,测试了涂层、镀层的显微硬度和室温摩擦磨损性能,并观察分析了磨损表面形貌。结果表明:WC-12Co涂层的显微硬度是电镀硬铬层的1.5倍以上;在时间为1.5h,载荷为20N和100N的试验条件下,电镀硬铬层摩擦磨损失质量分别为WC-12Co涂层的3倍和4倍,表明WC-12Co涂层的耐磨性能明显优于电镀硬铬镀层;与硬铬镀层相比,WC-12Co涂层能缩短磨合时间,较快地进入稳定磨损阶段,该阶段因WC-12Co涂层摩擦因数低,波动范围小,更有利于摩擦状态下延长工件的使用寿命。将超音速火焰喷涂技术用于修复汽轮机转子汽封轴颈,可极大提高汽轮机转子的性能,降低维修频率,延长使用寿命。     

船用辅汽轮机转子汽封轴颈喷涂WC-12Co涂层的摩擦学性能研究

采用超音速火焰喷涂技术和电镀技术分别在45钢试件表面制备了WC-12Co涂层和硬铬镀层,测试了涂层/镀层显微硬度和室温摩擦磨损性能,并观察分析了磨损表面形貌。结果表明：WC-12Co涂层的显微硬度是电镀硬铬层的1.5倍以上,表明WC-12Co涂层的抗疲劳强度性能更优;在时间为1.5h,载荷为20N和100N的试验条件下,电镀硬铬层摩擦磨损失重量分别为WC-12Co涂层的3倍和4倍,表明WC-12Co涂层的耐磨性能明显优于电镀硬铬镀层;与硬铬镀层相比,WC-12Co涂层能缩短磨合时间,较快地进入稳定磨损阶段,该阶段因WC-12Co涂层摩擦因数低,波动范围小,更有利于摩擦状态下延长工件的使用寿命。将超音速火焰喷涂技术用于修复汽轮机转子汽封轴颈,可极大提高汽轮机转子的技战术性能,降低维修频率,延长使用寿命。     

超音速火焰喷涂纳米结构WC-12Co涂层耐泥沙冲蚀性能研究

采用超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)分别制备了纳米结构、双峰结构及微米结构WC-12Co金属陶瓷复合涂层,比较了不同结构WC-12Co涂层的组织结构及显微硬度,进行了不同结构WC-12Co涂层和Ni60喷熔层的泥浆冲蚀磨损试验,并探讨了它们的泥浆冲蚀机理.结果表明:采用超音速火焰喷涂制备的纳米结构及双峰结构WC-12Co涂层结构致密,涂层显微硬度明显高于微米结构WC-12Co涂层;与微米结构WC-12Co涂层相比,纳米结构和双峰结构WC-12Co涂层具有更优良的抗泥浆冲蚀性能,其耐泥浆冲蚀性能分别提高了50%及20%以上.     

纳米稀土改性热喷涂WC/12Co涂层的摩擦磨损性能研究

利用超音速火焰喷涂技术在45#钢表面制备了不同稀土含量的WC/12Co涂层.在HV-5型小负荷维氏硬度计上测定了涂层的显微硬度,在WTM-2E微型摩擦磨损试验仪上测定了涂层的摩擦磨损性能.结果表明:适量稀土的加入使WC/12Co涂层的显微硬度提高,耐磨性增强.当稀土含量在1.5%时,涂层的硬度提高42%,磨损体积最小.     

冷轧辊超音速喷涂WC-12Co涂层的组织与性能研究

采用超音速火焰喷涂方法在冷轧活套辊上制备了WC-12Co涂层,采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪和显微硬度计等对涂层的组织、相组成和显微硬度等进行了测试与分析。研究表明:涂层中主要物相为WC和粘结相Co,另有少量WC分解产生的W2C;涂层平均显微硬度1256 HV0.2,孔隙率约为0.74%;涂层与基体的结合强度高(大于70 MPa),可以满足冷轧辊的表面性能要求。超音速喷涂WC-12Co涂层是延长冷轧辊使用寿命的有效方法。     

镁合金表面冷喷涂纳米WC-17Co涂层及其性能

采用冷喷涂和超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)在AZ80镁合金表面制备了纳米WC-17Co涂层。利用SEM分析了原始粉末形貌、喷涂粒子沉积行为及涂层显微结构,并采用球盘式摩擦磨损实验机考察了涂层的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:采用冷喷涂工艺可在AZ80镁合金基体上制备出高质量的WC-17Co涂层,涂层的显微硬度为(1 380±82)HV,磨损率为9.1×10-7 mm3/Nm,其耐磨性较HVOF制备的WC-17Co涂层提高了1倍,较镁合金基材提高了3个数量级。研究表明,冷喷涂WC-17Co涂层在不对镁合金基体产生热影响的情况下,可以显著提高镁合金的表面性能,是一种新型镁合金表面强化工艺。     

超音速火焰喷涂制备多峰WC-12Co涂层的抗汽蚀性能(英文)

采用超音速火焰喷涂技术制备常规、亚微米及多峰3种WC-12Co金属陶瓷涂层,比较分析涂层的显微硬度及显微组织。采用超声振动汽蚀装置研究3种涂层的抗汽蚀性能,并采用扫描电镜观察涂层表面的汽蚀坑,探讨不同涂层的汽蚀机理。研究表明:采用超音速火焰喷涂制备的亚微米及多峰WC-12Co涂层结构致密、孔隙率低,其显微硬度明显高于常规的WC-12Co涂层。多峰WC-12Co涂层的平均显微硬度接近HV1500,远高于常规的WC-12Co涂层。在3种涂层中,多峰WC-12Co涂层表现出最优良的抗汽蚀性能,涂层的汽蚀率大约为常规涂层的40%;与常规涂层相比,多峰WC-12Co涂层的抗汽蚀性能提高150%以上。     

纳米稀土对热喷涂WC-12Co涂层的改性作用

利用超音速火焰喷涂技术在45钢基体上制备了不同纳米稀土含量的WC-12Co涂层。通过物相分析并测定材料的显微硬度、结合强度、磨损性能,研究纳米稀土对WC-12Co涂层的改性作用。结果表明:适量纳米稀土的加入使WC-12Co涂层的显微硬度和结合强度显著提高,并且纳米稀土的加入有效地抑制了WC颗粒的脱碳,使组织细化。当纳米稀土含量在1.5wt%时,涂层的耐磨性最好。     

H13钢表面超音速火焰喷涂制备耐磨涂层的研究

利用超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)法在热作模具钢H13表面制备WC-12Co和Ni60涂层;用扫描电镜观测涂层表面及截面形貌,用XRD分析粉末及涂层的相组成,并借助显微硬度、热摩擦系数的测定结果,分析两种粉末制得涂层的耐磨特性。结果表明:WC-12Co和Ni60涂层都能较好地覆盖在模具钢表面;WC-12Co涂层的显微硬度接近Ni60的1.5倍;WC-12Co涂层常温下的摩擦系数为0.32,500℃时为0.52,而Ni60涂层在500℃时已经接近0.59,在高温条件下,该涂层表现出了更优良的稳定性与耐磨性。     

超音速喷涂纳米WC复合涂层与电镀铬层的组织及性能

采用超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)技术和电镀技术分别制备了纳米WC-10Co-4Cr涂层及电镀铬层,通过扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、显微硬度计、摩擦磨损试验机、电化学工作站、磨损腐蚀加速试验机等手段对比分析了这两种涂层的性能以及使用寿命。结果表明,纳米WC复合涂层具有远高于电镀铬层的显微硬度、耐磨损性能及结合强度等,并且该涂层具有较高的致密度,而耐腐蚀性能略低于电镀铬层但也远高于基材,磨损腐蚀加速试验结果显示该涂层的使用寿命高达电镀铬层的5倍以上。     

Wear,erosion and corrosion resistance of HVOF-sprayed WC and Cr3C2 based coatings for electrolytic hard chrome replacement

Thermally sprayed carbide-based coatings are nowadays extensively considered as an alternative to electrolytic hard chrome (EHC) coatings to reduce the environmental impact and the overall cost associated with EHC process. In this investigation, high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spray process was employed to prepare coatings using the traditional carbide powders namely the WC-10Co4Cr, the Cr₃C₂-25NiCr and a new type of mixed carbide powder WC-40Cr₃C₂-25NiCr. The Powder deposition rate, basic mechanical properties, abrasive wear, slurry erosion and corrosion resistance of the three coatings were then compared with the EHC coating. The results show that WC-10Co4Cr coating exhibited the highest hardness, abrasive wear and slurry erosion resistance followed by WC-40Cr₃C₂-25NiCr, EHC, and Cr₃C₂-25NiCr coating. The deposition efficiency of the powders as per hierarchy was found to be WC-40Cr₃C₂-25NiCr > WC-10Co4Cr > Cr₃C₂-25NiCr and all the HVOF sprayed coatings exhibited higher corrosion resistance than EHC coating. The highest powder deposition efficiency coupled with low density, acceptable tribo-corrosion performance, as well as low post processing cost makes the HVOF sprayed WC-40Cr₃C₂-25NiCr coating a potential candidate to replace the EHC coating.     

超音速火焰喷涂涂层的摩擦磨损性能研究

采用划痕分析和干砂粒/橡胶轮磨损测试,主要研究了超音速火焰喷涂(High-Velocity-Air-Fuel,简称HVAF )WC涂层与Al-Ni-Cu合金的摩擦磨损性能,并且与电镀硬铬的性能进行了对比.结果表明,HVAF WC涂层和Al-Ni-Cu合金都发生微量磨损,而电镀铬层中发生明显的增重,同时导致Al-Ni-Cu合金大量磨损.在与Al-Ni-Cu合金对磨中,HVAF WC涂层的磨损机理为磨粒磨损,而电镀硬铬为粘着磨损.滚动接触疲劳磨损对涂层均有作用.     

液压活塞杆耐磨陶瓷涂层研究

多功能超音速火焰喷涂WC-12Co涂层,其结合强度超过70MPa,孔隙率小于2%,硬度超过HV10000.3,耐磨粒磨损性能比45号钢提高6.6倍,利用该涂层对液压活塞杆进行耐磨粒磨损强化。涂层经磨削加工后,精度和表面光洁度满足设计要求,与镀硬铬活塞杆相比,使用寿命提高2倍。     

超音速火焰喷涂金属陶瓷涂层与电镀硬铬在盐雾气氛下的腐蚀-磨损机制研究

航空和海洋工程的关键部件在遭受磨损的同时受到海洋苛刻气氛的腐蚀破坏,而采用超音速火焰喷涂（HVOF）金属陶瓷涂层已成为一种新兴防护技术。为考察碳化物类金属陶瓷涂层的在海洋气氛下的抗腐蚀与抗磨损性能,采用超音速火焰喷涂技术制备了WC-10Co4Cr和Cr3C2-NiCr两种典型的金属陶瓷涂层,采用自制的盐雾喷射腐蚀-磨损装置,研究涂层的腐蚀-磨损行为,同时与传统的硬铬镀层作对比,并采用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDAX)等表征试样的腐蚀磨损形貌特征。结果显示,在干燥大气环境下铬镀层主要表现为黏着-磨损机制,Cr3C2-NiCr涂层同时表现出黏着-磨损与磨粒-磨损机制,而WC-10Co4Cr则表现为单纯的磨粒-磨损。施加盐雾气氛后,试样表面形成有液态膜,摩擦系数与磨损量均有所下降。盐雾气氛下增大摩擦副的载荷压力,Cr3C2-NiCr涂层的磨损量增加很快,而WC-10Co4Cr涂层的磨损机制发生转变,磨损量出现不增反降现象。     

Impingement Resistance of HVAF WC-Based Coatings

High-velocity oxygen/air fuel (HVO/AF) WC-17Co and WC-10Co4Cr coatings exhibit great potential in the replacement of electrolytic hard chrome (EHC) plating, and comprehensive properties of such coatings should be superior to those of electrolytic hard chrome plating. The impingement resistance of HVAF WC-based coatings sprayed on 300M ultrahigh-strength steel was studied in this paper. As an important property index, the fracture toughness of HVAF WC-based coatings was measured using the microindentation method at loads of 9.8, 19.6, 24.5, 29.4, and 49.0 N, respectively. The cracks resulting from stress concentration in the microindentation were analyzed. The impingement resistance for two HVAF WC coatings and EHC was evaluated according to the ASTM D 3170 standard, and steel ball free-fall experiment was performed at the height of 0.61, 1.52, 1.83, 2.36, and 2.59 m, respectively. The cracks caused by both impingements were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy (OM) in comparison with the cracks in microindentation test. This article is an invited paper selected from presentations at the 2007 International Thermal Spray Conference and has been expanded from the original presentation. It is simultaneously published in Global Coating Solutions, Proceedings of the 2007 International Thermal Spray Conference, Beijing, China, May 14-16, 2007, Basil R. Marple, Margaret M. Hyland, Yuk-Chiu Lau, Chang-Jiu Li, Rogerio S. Lima, and Ghislain Montavon, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 2007.     

A comparison between the corrosion resistances of some HVOF-sprayed metal alloy coatings

This study compares the corrosion resistance of one Co-based alloy coating, namely Co-28Mo-17Cr-3Si (similar to Tribaloy-800), four Ni-based alloy coatings, namely Ni-17Cr-4Fe-4Si-3.5B-1C (Diamalloy-2001), Ni-20Cr-10W-9Mo-4Cu-1C-1B-1Fe (Diamalloy-4006), Ni-22Cr-9Mo-4Nb-5Fe (similar to Inconel-625), Ni-32Mo-16Cr-3Si-2Co (similar to Tribaloy-700), and a (WC-12Co)-33Ni-9Cr-3.5Fe-2Si-2B-0.5C cermet-Ni alloy blend coating. They were produced by liquid-fuelled HVOF spraying onto AISI1040 steel plates. Electrolytic hard chrome (EHC) plating was characterised as a reference material, to verify whether some HVOF coatings are suitable as an EHC replacement. The microstructure of the coatings was examined by SEM and XRD. Electrochemical polarization tests and free corrosion tests were performed in 0.1 M HCl aqueous solution; the corrodkote test (ASTM B380-97R02) was also performed, to rank coatings qualitatively.The lowest corrosion current densities (I_corr) were recorded for EHC and Tribaloy-700. The latter coating contained few secondary phases and little porosity; the damage was mainly due to corrosion activation along lamellae boundaries. Diamalloy-2001 exhibited the highest I_corr and was significantly damaged after the polarization test, as its multi-phase microstructure had triggered severe galvanic corrosion. During free corrosion in 0.1 M HCl, Tribaloy-700 and Diamalloy-4006 retained rather stable polarization resistance (R_p), whereas the R_p of EHC decreased significantly. Tribaloy-700 survived 40 h of corrodkote test with no apparent damage and EHC underwent limited pitting corrosion. All other coatings had visible corrosion. The Inconel-625 coating failed to protect the substrate after 20 h of testing, due to inadequate processing conditions.     

爆炸喷涂WC-12Co/MoS_2复合涂层的摩擦磨损性能

为进一步提高爆炸喷涂WC-12Co涂层的耐磨性,在WC-12Co合金粉末中添加不同比例的MoS2粉末,利用爆炸喷涂技术在Q235钢表面制备了系列WC-12Co/MoS2复合涂层.采用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计及摩擦磨损试验机对WC-12Co/MoS2复合涂层的微观组织形貌、结构、显微硬度、摩擦磨损性能进行了研究.结果表明,MoS2均匀的分布于复合涂层中,当MoS2含量为2%时,复合涂层的硬度、致密度变化不大,但摩擦系数和磨损率大幅度下降,分别为WC-12Co涂层的50%和36%.随着MoS2含量的增加,复合涂层的摩擦系数和磨损率均呈上升趋势.     

Influence of Rare Earth on the High-Temperature Sliding Wear Behavior of WC-12Co Coating Prepared by HVOF Spraying

In this work, WC-12Co coatings were prepared by high-velocity oxygen fuel spraying (HVOF) technology. The high-temperature sliding wear tests at 450, 550 and 650 °C were conducted on a pin-on-disk tribometer, and effects of CeO₂ on the high-temperature wear behavior were investigated. The results showed that CeO₂-modified WC-12Co coating possessed better sliding wear resistance than that of conventional WC-12Co coating at the tested temperatures. The maximum microhardness value of 1333 ± 25HV_0.5 was available at the temperature of 550 °C for CeO₂-modified WC-12Co coating worn track. The oxides formed on the worn surface played a significant role on the wear behavior. W₂C, Co₃O₄ and ratio of CoWO₄/WO₃ dominated the wear behavior of the coating at 450, 550 and 650 °C, respectively.     

超音速火焰喷涂WC-12Co、WC-10Co4Cr和Cr3C2-25NiCr涂层在不同介质中摩擦行为研究

为了研究硬面涂层在不同介质中的摩擦行为，以WC-12Co、WC-10Co4Cr和Cr3C2-25NiCr硬面材料为原料，采用超音速火焰喷涂制备得到了三种不同成分的硬面涂层。通过显微硬度计、摩擦磨损仪和扫描电镜等对涂层性能分析，结果表明，涂层中的孔隙率和粘结相的含量密切相关，当粘结相含量为12wt.%（Co）时，其孔隙度为1.11%；粘结相含量为14wt.%（CoCr）时，其孔隙度为0.98%；粘结相含量为25wt.%（NiCr）时，其孔隙度降低为0.92%。空气中，WC-10Co4Cr的硬度最高，其摩擦系数最小；Cr3C2-25NiCr的硬度最小，其摩擦系数最大。1mol/L HCl的环境中，NiCr的耐腐蚀性能最好，使Cr3C2-25NiCr涂层的摩擦系数稳定；而纯Co和CoCr的耐腐蚀性能较差，使WC-10Co4Cr和WC-12Co涂层的摩擦系数呈现出波浪状的变化规律。1mol/L NaOH的环境的摩擦过程中，硬质相的腐蚀会使涂层表面的硬度下降，使摩擦系数增加。     

The Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of HVOF-Sprayed WC: Metal Composite Coatings

WC-based cermet coatings containing various metallic binders such as Ni, Co, and Cr are known for their superior tribological properties, particularly abrasion resistance and enhanced surface hardness. Consequently, these systems are considered as replacements for traditional hard chrome coatings in critical aircraft components such as landing gear. The purpose of this investigation was to conduct a comparative study on the dry sliding wear behavior of three WC-based cermet coatings (WC-12Ni, WC-20Cr₂C₃-7Ni, and WC-10Co-4Cr), when deposited on carbon steel substrates. Ball on disk wear tests were performed on the coatings using a CSEM Tribometer (pin-on-disk) with a 6-mm ruby ball at 20 N applied load, 0.2 m/s sliding velocity, and sliding distances up to 2000 m. Analysis of both the coating wear track and worn ruby ball was performed using optical microscopy and an Alphastep-250 profilometer. The results of the study revealed both wear of the ruby ball and coated disks allowed for a comparison of both the ball wear and coating wear for the systems considered. Generally, the use of Co and Cr as a binder significantly improved the sliding wear resistance of the coating compared to Ni and/or Cr₂C₃.