液态金属快速结晶的热力学驱动力

采用超高真空无容器悬浮熔炼技术使液态Ｆｅ和Ｎｉ的过冷度分别达２００和２３５Ｋ，借助量热法测定出其比热各为４８．６和４０．５Ｊ．ｍｏｌ＾－＾１．Ｋ＾－＾１。据此精确计算出深过冷Ｆｅ和Ｎｉ快速结晶的热力学驱动力△ＧＬＳ，并与Ｔｕｒｎｂｕｌｌ模型和Ｄｕｂｅｙ－Ｒａｍａｃｈａｎｄｒａｒａｏ模型的近似计算结果相比较，发现这两种近似模型在过冷度超过１００Ｋ时均产生大于１％的偏差。进一步分析发现，△ＧＬＳ的计算     

液态Ni－Fe合金的超过冷与热力学性质

采用熔融玻璃净化法使液态Ｎｉ－１０％Ｆｅ和Ｎｉ－３５％Ｆｅ合金过冷度分别达到３７１（０．９０△Ｔ＿ｈ）和３４３Ｋ（０．９１△Ｔ＿ｈ）．实验测得其超过冷临界过冷度△Ｔｈ分别为４１３和３７６Ｋ．根据超过冷的定义导出一种测定深过冷熔体平均比热容的方法，从而得到两种深过冷合金的比热容为４１．０和４０．７Ｊ／（ｍｏｌ·Ｋ）．据此对快速凝固过程中的焓变△Ｈ＿（ＬＳ），熵变△Ｓ＿（ＬＳ），相变驱动力△Ｇ＿（ＬＳ）以及晶体形核率Ⅰ进行了理论计算．发现尽管过冷度超过了０．２Ｔ＿Ｌ，液态合金仍然发生异质形核．     

液态Ni—Fe合金的超过冷与热力学性质

采用熔融玻璃净化法使液态Ｎｉ－１００％Ｆｅ和Ｎｉ－３５％Ｆｅ合金过冷度分别达到３７１和３４３Ｋ，实验测得其超过冷临界过冷度ΔＴｈ分别为３７６Ｋ，根据超过冷的定义导出一种测定深过冷熔体平均比热容的方法，从而得到了两种深过冷合金的比热容为４１．０和４．７Ｊ。     

Ni—Ni3Si系近共晶合金深过冷形核规律

采用大体积液态金属的微观净化技术,在Ｎｉ－Ｎｉ３Ｓｉ合金中使Ｎｉ－（６．０７－１９．７）％Ｓｉ和Ｎｉ－（２０．５－２２）％Ｓｉ两组合金分别获得了最大达３４４和２６５Ｋ的极限形核过冷度,并使其极限过冷度保持２０个循环过热周期不衰减。实验发现,Ｎｉ－Ｎｉ３Ｓｉ系近共晶合金深过冷凝固时,Ｎｉ３Ｓｉ总是领先于α相形核。     

六方材料织构的近真ODF分析系统

采用熔融玻璃自分离净化工艺，可使液态（Ｎｉ０．５３Ｆｅ０．３３Ｃｏ０．１４）７３Ｂ１７Ｓｉ８Ｎｂ２合金稳定地获得０．３Ｔ１以上的过冷度。研究了电磁场在深过冷液态合金凝固过程中所起的作用。观察及分析结果表明，电磁场对于过冷度的影响甚微，但却对于形核及其生长产生明确的影响，使形核及生长表现出与自由凝固下完全不同的规律。电磁场对于进一步提高深过冷合金的热力学过冷度具有促进作用。     

深过冷净化的影响因素及工艺优化

系统地研究了熔融玻璃和循环过热相结合方法对净化效果的影响;提出了大体积液态金属获得深过冷的优化工艺;采用该工艺可快速、稳定地使６～２０ｇＮｉ８１．１５Ｓｉ１８．８５、Ｎｉ２８．６４Ｓｉ２１．３６、Ｎｉ７４．１７Ｓｉ２５．８３、Ｎｉ５０Ｃｕ５０、Ｆｅ７６Ｂ１２Ｓｉ１２合金分别获得２９９Ｋ（０２０２Ｔｍ）、２６９Ｋ（ｏ．１９Ｔｍ）、２６３Ｋ（０．１７２Ｔｍ）、３２０Ｋ（０．２０２Ｔｍ）、３６７Ｋ（０．２５７Ｔｍ）大过冷,并使其保持４～６个循环周期不衰减,同时采用该工艺还首次成功地制备Ｆｅ７６Ｂ１２Ｓｉ１２及Ｆｅ７６Ｂ１２Ｓｉ１０Ｃ２合金的块状纳米软磁材料。研究结果表明,净化玻璃的化学成分、循环过热温度及净化过程中熔融玻璃和合金液的良好排气条件是影响净化效果的主要因素。     

稀土过渡族磁制冷功能材料的研究

本文给出了设计室温磁制冷功能材料的基本原则及具体方法,通过测试、验证得出如下结论：Ｒｅ２Ｆｅ１７－ｘＭｅｘ型稀土－过渡族金属所形成的Ｃｅ２Ｆｅ１６．４Ｃｏ０．６与Ｅｒ２Ｆｅ１５．２６Ｎｉ１．７４化合物具有较好的制冷效果,在外加磁场度Ｈ＝２．０特斯拉条件下,它爱磁制冷温差△Ｔ均可达４．５Ｋ以上,基本与纯金属Ｇｄ接近（△Ｔ＝５．２５Ｋ）,介它们的价格公为Ｇｄ的１／３。     

深过冷Fe—B—Si共晶块体纳米材料的凝固组织特征

在大气中利用循环过热与熔融玻璃净化相结合的方法,使６－２０ｇＦｅ７６Ｂ１２Ｓｉ１２合金液获得了３６７Ｋ的大过冷度,采用深过冷及深过冷加水淬的方法,成功地制备了样品直径为１１ｍｍ,高为１０ｍｍ,组织中颗粒平均尺寸约为２００ｎｍ的Ｆｅ７６Ｂ１２Ｓｉ１２合金块体给米材料,研究结果表明,在△Ｔ＝３６７Ｋ再辉后自然冷却室浊及△Ｔ＝３２９Ｋ再辉后水淬条件下,凝固组织为在细化的Ｆｅ２Ｂ（Ｓｉ）基体中分布的３０－     

CO还原CaO－SiO_2－Al_2O_3－Fe_tO渣系研究

研究了在１７２３Ｋ下ＣＯ还原ＣａＯ－ＳｉＯ_２－Ａ１_２Ｏ_３－Ｆｅ_ｔＯ渣系。根据ＣＯ_２红外分析仪测定的出口气体中ＣＯ_２浓度变化，计算了炉渣的表现还原速度常数Ｋ_ａ和还原速度常数Ｋ。结果表明，加入Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３，提高了ＣａＯ－ＳｉＯ_２－Ｆｅ_ｔＯ的Ｋ_ａ和Ｋ值；炉渣碱度不变时，随着Ｆｅ_ｔＯ含量的增加，Ｋ_ａ呈增加趋势，但Ｋ则呈抛物线趋势变化；当ＦｅＯ的光学碱度∧_ＦｅＯ为１．０或０．８７时，Ｋ_ａ随该四元渣系光学碱度的增加而线性增加，而Ｋ则呈递减趋势。用炉渣规则溶液模型计算了ＣａＯ－ＳｉＯ_２－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３－Ｆｅ_ｔＯ四元渣系的Ｆｅ_ｔＯ活度ａ_Ｆｅ_ｔＯ。     

CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC PROPERTIES OF AN INHERENT LOW－ENERGY INTERFACE（1■1）Cu／／（0001）_（AIN）IN Cu－AlN BICRYS

ＣＲＹＳＴＡＬＬＯＧＲＡＰＨＩＣＰＲＯＰＥＲＴＩＥＳＯＦＡＮＩＮＨＥＲＥＮＴＬＯＷ－ＥＮＥＲＧＹＩＮＴＥＲＦＡＣＥ（１■１）Ｃｕ／／（０００１）_（ＡＩＮ）ＩＮＣｕ－ＡｌＮＢＩＣＲＹＳＴＡＬ￥Ｊ．Ｄｕ,Ｇ．Ｙ．ＹａｎｇａｎｄＳ．Ｈａｇｅｇｅｇｅ（Ｇｅ?..     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Rheology Feature of Simple Metal Melt

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Newly Developed Austenitic Heat Resistant Steel

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a newly developed austenitic heat resistant steel(named as T8 alloy) for ultra-supercritical applications have been studied. Results show that the main phases in the alloy after solution treatment are γ and primary MX. Subsequent aging treatment causes the precipitation of M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries and a small number of nanoscale MX inside the grains. In addition, with increasing the aging temperature and time, the morphology of M_(23)C_6 carbides changes from semi-continuous chain to continuous network.Compared with a commercial HR3C alloy, T8 alloy has comparable tensile strength, but higher stress rupture strength. The dominant cracking mechanism of the alloy during tensile test at room temperature is transgranular, while at high temperature, intergranular cracking becomes the main cracking mode, which may be caused by the precipitation of continuous M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries. Typical intergranular cracking is the dominant cracking mode of the alloy at all stress rupture tests.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

The 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014held in Qingdao China

Organized by Suppliers China Co., Ltd and co-organized by the National Technical Committee 54 on Foundry of Standardization Administration of China, the 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014 （hereinafter referred to as FSC 2014） was successfully held on Sep. 23rd in Grand Regency Hotel, Qingdao. More than 500 delegates from home and abroad attended this conference, including over 130 purchasers from 20 countries and 380 domestic and foreign suppliers.     

Secondary Recrystallization Behaviors of Grain-Oriented 6.5 wt% Silicon Steel Sheets Produced by Rolling and Nitriding Processes

By rolling and nitriding processes, 0.23- to 0.3-mm-thick grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel sheets were produced. The core losses of grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel at frequencies ranging from 400 Hz to 20 k Hz were lower than that of the grain-oriented 3 wt% silicon steel with the same thickness by 16.6–35.8%. The secondary recrystallization behavior was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and electron backscattered diffraction. The results show that the secondary recrystallization in high-silicon steel sheets develops more completely as the nitrogen content increases after nitriding, secondary recrystallized grain sizes become larger, and the sharpness of Goss texture increases. Because more {110}116 grains in the subsurface and the central layer of the sheets have a lot of 20°–45° high-energy boundaries in addition to Goss grains, {110}116 can be the main component through selective growth during secondary recrystallization when the inhibitor quantity is not enough and inhibitor intensity is weaker. The increases in nitrogen content can increase the inhibitor intensity and hinder abnormal growth of a mount of {110}116 grains and therefore enhance the sharpness of Goss texture.     

Laser Cladded TiCN Coatings on the Surface of Titanium

Laser cladded coatings of TiCN were produced on the surface of titanium. To obtain the optimal techniques, several conditions were tested by varying the laser scanning rate. The choice of shielding gas was also studied. The cladded coatings were then evaluated from the surface mechanics point of view based on their microhardness. The microstructure of some interesting samples was investigated by optical micrographs (OM). The results showed that under the condition of fixed pulse frequency and pulse width, the laser scanning rate and the shielding gas are the main factors influencing the components of coatings. TiCN coatings were decompounded and oxidized during the cladding process in the condition of no shielding gas of N2. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the composite coatings composed of TiCN, TiC, Ti2N, and TiO2 were produced using appropriate techniques. The results indicated that the best condition in terms of the surface microhardness is obtained when the scanning rate is 1.5mm / s, the pulse frequency is 15Hz, the pulse width is 3.0ms, and N2 is chosen as the shielding gas. The microhardness of the composite coatings is about 1331kg · mm - 2, which is about 4 times that of the substrate. The optical micrographs indicated that the cladding zone is made up of TiCN, TiO2, and some interdendritic Ti, but the diffusion zone mainly consists of the dendrites phase, and the cladded depth is about 80?滋m, which is more than 2 times that of the laser nitrided sample. There were no microcracks or air bubbles in the cladded sample, which was cladded using the above optimal techniques.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

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正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis