1Cr12Ni3MoVN钢TIG焊接接头的组织与高温性能

1Cr12Ni3Mo VN(S/SJ2)钢是一种含有12%Cr的低碳马氏体不锈钢,在航空发动机中广泛使用。本文对1Cr12Ni3Mo VN钢板材TIG焊接试样进行了高温瞬时拉伸试验、高温持久拉伸试验以及组织分析,研究了焊接接头的显微组织和高温性能。结果表明:拉伸试验时断裂均发生在热影响区的回火区。用TIG焊接1Cr12Ni3Mo VN钢能获得高温性能良好的焊接接头,其焊接接头的高温抗拉强度为766.7 MPa,与母材相当。高温持久拉伸时焊接接头在500℃、负载400 MPa条件下,蠕变寿命为240.71 h,与1Cr12Ni3Mo VN钢母材在同等条件下的蠕变寿命248.56 h相当。母材与焊接接头高温瞬时拉伸试样、高温持久拉伸试样的断口形貌均为浅韧窝形。室温下母材组织为具有良好综合力学性能的回火索氏体,焊缝组织为铸态的板条马氏体。高温瞬时拉伸及高温持久拉伸后焊缝马氏体组织明显长大,但随高温时间的变长组织长大趋缓,其长大程度变化不明显。     

高强匹配T91/12Cr1MoV异种钢焊接接头力学性能

对高强匹配的T91／12Cr1MoV异种钢焊接接头分别进行常温力学性能和高温持久试验,试验结果表明,常温拉伸试样均断在12Cr1MoV母材侧,接头的强度高于12Cr1MoV母材;接头中焊缝的硬度值最高,为317HV;焊缝常温下的冲击韧性为86kJ／cm^2,高于12Cr1MoV母材;接头的高温持久性能明显低于12Cr1MoV母材,失效位置(接头的薄弱环节)在12Cr1MoV侧的熔合线附近。     

焊后热处理对TC4钦合金线性摩擦焊接头组织和性能的影响

在前期焊接试验参数优化基础上,通过自行研制的线性摩擦焊机焊接了两组TC4钛合金试件,其中对一组试件焊后进行630℃x3h的热处理,然后对焊态和热处理态焊接接头的组织和力学性能进行了对比分析.结果表明.焊态下接头组织更为细小;热处理态接头组织中析出了次生a相,且晶粒发生球化长大现象,接头组织更加均匀.对两种接头在室温和400℃条件下进行拉伸试验,接头拉伸断裂位置均在母材处,且室温拉伸条件下热处理接头的抗拉强度和屈服强度均较焊态接头的高,高温拉伸条件下两种接头拉伸性能相差不大.400℃、570MPa条件下两种接头的持久时间均超过100h.     

焊后热处理对TC4钛合金线性摩擦焊接头组织和性能的影响

在前期焊接试验参数优化基础上,通过自行研制的线性摩擦焊机焊接了两组TC4钛合金试件,其中对一组试件焊后进行630℃×3h的热处理,然后对焊态和热处理态焊接接头的组织和力学性能进行了对比分析。结果表明,焊态下接头组织更为细小;热处理态接头组织中析出了次生α相,且晶粒发生球化长大现象,接头组织更加均匀。对两种接头在室温和400℃条件下进行拉伸试验,接头拉伸断裂位置均在母材处,且室温拉伸条件下热处理接头的抗拉强度和屈服强度均较焊态接头的高,高温拉伸条件下两种接头拉伸性能相差不大。400℃、570 MPa条件下两种接头的持久时间均超过100 h。     

焊后热处理对12Cr1MoVG/12Cr2MoWVTiB钢焊接接头组织性能的影响

对12Cr1MoVG/12Cr2MoWVTiB异种钢焊接接头焊态及不同热处理温度下(720～770℃)的接头组织、硬度及拉伸、冷弯性能进行了测定.结果表明,随着热处理温度的提高,焊缝组织由回火马氏体+少量颗粒状贝氏体逐步转变为粒状贝氏体+索氏体组织,两侧焊缝硬度差异缩小,组织均匀化程度提高,晶粒有长大倾向.接头强度呈下降趋势,740℃强度下降趋缓,这是由于焊接残余应力得到大幅度释放,同时沉淀相的弥散强化作用增强所致.试验表明,730～770℃保持1 h焊后热处理制度均可满足使用性能要求,以740～760℃保持1 h热处理制度为佳.     

C-HRA-5钢焊接接头高温短时拉伸及持久强度预测

持久强度对于评价C-HRA-5钢焊接接头在复杂工况条件下的使用寿命具有极其重要的意义.通过不同温度下的高温短时拉伸试验,基于Larson-Miller参数,利用状态函数和全微分的特征,建立了C-HRA-5钢焊接接头持久强度预测的数学模型,外推10万小时的持久强度.结果表明:C-HRA-5钢焊接接头在650℃时强度和塑性最好,在700℃时呈现典型的微孔聚集性断裂,随着温度的升高,第二相颗粒和夹杂物增多,位错的塞积群增多,焊接接头的力学性能降低.700℃时外推拟合公式为lgσ=2.76018-0.13151 lgτ,外推10万小时的持久强度为σ973105=116.0203 MPa,高于ASME SA-213标准的要求.     

9Cr1MoVNbN/12Cr2MoWVTiB异种钢焊接接头的力学性能及界面失效行为研究

采用脉冲氩弧焊接工艺、高温加速模拟工况、高温持久、常温力学性能试验研究了不同焊缝强度匹配条件下,马氏体耐热钢9Cr1MoVNbN与贝氏体耐热钢12Cr2MoWVTiB焊接接头的力学性能、高温强度、蠕变损伤及界面破坏特征。研究结果表明;焊前预热250℃,焊后回火750℃×1h条件下,加速模拟运行500h,1000h,1500h后低匹配焊接接头的界面蠕变损伤较严重,力学性能下降明显,失效倾向较大;而中匹配接头的蠕变损伤及失效倾向较小。中匹配与低匹配接头的持久强度比较接近;高匹配接头的持久强度最低。因此,对于9Cr1MoVNbN/12Cr2MoWVTiB异种钢焊接接头采用中匹配比较合适。     

T91钢TIG+MIG焊接接头性能及组织

对采用TIG＋MIG焊的T91钢焊接接头进行了力学性能、持久强度和高温时效试验,并对T9l钢TIG＋MIG焊接接头的显微组织及断口的断裂特征进行了观察和分析。结果表明,T91钢TIG＋MIG焊接接头的韧脆转变温度（FATT）为-13℃,625℃l7958h高温持久试验为70MPa,外推10^5h高温持久强度为46．48MPa。焊接接头的高温性能取决于其组织的变化,以M23C6为主的合金碳化物对持久强度起了重要作用。     

高温运行对镍基异种金属接头力学性能的影响

对12Cr1MoV和0Cr17ni12Mo2两种管材的镍基异种金属接头进行焊后状态和高温运行后状态对比试验。结果表明，高温运行使异种钢接头σ-ε图中曲线移动，反映了高温运行后异种钢接头的屈服强度和塑性有所下降；高温运行使异种钢接头的各项力学性能指标σb,σ0.2,δ5,ψ均略有下降，该结果与接头组织变化及12Cr1MoV钢珠光体组织中碳化物球化倾向等不利因素有关；高温运行对异种钢接头断口部位及宏观断口形貌特征无大的影响；高温运行后异种钢接头拉伸试样仍断在母材处，表明镍基异种钢接头的抗拉强度是比较满意的。     

光伏产业多晶硅设备配套焊材E2133Mn性能研究

N08810合金为多晶硅设备主要用母材,研制了与其匹配的焊材——E2133Mn焊条,并对其熔敷金属进行室温拉伸、600℃高温拉伸、G28-A法腐蚀等试验,证明了熔敷金属具有优良的机械性能及耐腐蚀性能。为验证E2133Mn焊条与母材的匹配性,采用该焊条进行N08810钢对接焊,并对其接头性能进行深度试验。经X射线探伤和面弯试验,表明接头未产生焊接缺陷,具有良好韧性。E2133Mn所有接头拉伸试验断裂位置均为母材,X型坡口上中下三层强度数据无明显区别,焊态强度达到560 MPa,经稳定化处理后强度提升到620 MPa,高温拉伸强度虽有明显下降,但优于母材,同样满足设计要求。试验结果表明,E2133Mn焊条与N08810钢匹配性优秀,焊缝及热影响区室温及高温强度全面优于母材,接头性能完全符合实际工程需求,为多晶硅设备装配制造提供了理论参考。     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of 12Cr1MoVG Tube Welded Joints With/Without Post-weld Heat Treatment

Small-caliber, thick-wall 12Cr1MoVG seamless steel tube welded joints were fabricated in this study by gas tungsten arc welding and shielded metal arc welding techniques, then the microstructures, mechanical properties, and residual stress distributions of the joints with or without post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) were compared. The welded joints are mainly composed of bcc ferrite (F), Fe₃C, and M₇C₃ carbides. PWHT did not cause an apparent microstructure evolution in the joints, but promoted granular pearlite decomposition and growth of F grains and carbides, therefore decreasing the yield, tensile strength, and hardness while increasing the impact toughness and elongation of the welded joints. PWHT also released the circumferential residual stress and altered the stress state in the joint from tensile to compressive. Although the mechanical properties and bending performance of the small-caliber, thick-wall 12Cr1MoVG seamless welded joints without PWHT are acceptable, our results show that the joints with PWHT are more reliable.     

热处理对80μm间隙下IC10高温合金TLP扩散焊组织及高温性能的影响

采用瞬间液相扩散焊技术焊接了80 μm间隙下的IC10高温合金,利用扫描电镜(SEM/EDS)、纳米压痕仪及高温拉伸试验机对热处理前后IC10接头焊缝组织形貌、弹性模量、显微硬度、高温拉伸、高温持久性能及接头断口形貌进行了测试. 结果表明,当采用SBM-3作为中间焊料,焊缝间隙尺寸为80 μm时,在1 250 ℃,5 MPa,6 h的焊接工艺条件下,焊缝组织与母材组织形貌成分相近. 经过热处理后,测得其在1 100 ℃的温度下,抗拉强度可达268 MPa,高于母材(275 MPa)的97.5%;对焊缝的高温持久性能进行了检测,测得其在温度1 100 ℃,应力为36 MPa的条件下,焊缝持久寿命大于117 h,高于母材的90%. 在接头结构中,较大体积浓度的γ + γ′相存在于焊缝中,接头结构由母材平稳过渡到焊接接头. 高温拉伸及高温持久试验中裂纹从硼化物和碳化物的边缘以及γ + γ′共晶边缘处的微孔扩展. 热处理提高了母材弹性模量的同时降低了焊缝的弹性模量,接头弹性模量的降低提高了TLP扩散焊接头的高温力学强度.     

CLAM钢搅拌摩擦焊接头高温蠕变行为

针对核聚变堆用CLAM钢,对焊后热处理的搅拌摩擦焊接头在823 K条件和180～300 MPa应力水平下的单轴拉伸蠕变性能、断口形貌、显微组织进行了研究. 结果表明,当蠕变应力由300,260及220 MPa降低到180 MPa时,CLAM钢搅拌摩擦焊接头的蠕变寿命分别由1.5,19.2及883 h增加到6769 h以上. 临界热影响区是接头蠕变断裂的最薄弱区域,主要呈现位错控制的蠕变变形机制和穿晶韧性断裂模式. 在蠕变过程中临界热影响区组织发生回复并形成亚晶,导致位错强化作用降低;M₂₃C₆碳化物发生不同程度的粗化或周围生成Laves相,导致析出和固溶强化作用减弱;这些因素是CLAM钢FSW接头蠕变性能恶化的主要原因. 采用Monkman-Grant方程预测FSW接头在1×105 h蠕变寿命下的蠕变断裂强度估计为156 MPa,达到母材强度的88%.     

焊后热处理对AA7075铝合金DP-MIG焊接接头组织及力学性能的影响

采用双脉冲熔化极精性气体保护焊（DP-MIG）工艺方法焊接AA7075-T651铝合金,焊接试板采用固溶处理（480℃×50 min）后水淬,再进行（80℃×24 h）+（120℃×24 h）两级人工时效热处理,通过金相观察、扫描电镜观察、X射线衍射分析、拉伸试验以及硬度测试,研究焊后热处理（PWHT）工艺对焊接接头显微组织及力学性能的影响.结果表明,焊缝区经热处理后,晶粒由枝晶向等轴晶转变,晶界处非平衡第二相溶解,晶界变细,焊缝显微组织特性改善明显;焊接接头经热处理后,抗拉强度由342.5 MPa提高到490 MPa,接头强度系数为0.872,焊缝软化区硬度得到较大改善,焊接接头力学性能有显著提升.     

焊后热处理对1Cr18Ni9Ti与2Cr13钢焊接接头组织和性能的影响

通过钨极氩弧焊方法,对1Cr18Ni9Ti与2Cr13钢实施焊接,并对焊接接头整体进行焊后热处理。采用OM、SEM对2Cr13与1Cr18Ni9Ti钢热处理前后的焊接接头组织进行分析,利用显微硬度计、电子万能拉伸机测量了焊接接头的力学性能。结果表明,1Cr18Ni9Ti和2Cr13钢焊接接头热处理前焊缝组织为典型的柱状晶,组织为板条马氏体+残留奥氏体+碳化物;热处理后焊缝组织为回火索氏体,而且碳化物析出量也明显增多。拉伸时,热处理前后焊接接头断裂的部位都发生在奥氏体不锈钢热影响区一侧,热处理前后焊接接头的抗拉强度分别约为635.56、649.44 MPa;焊缝区的显微硬度分别约为276、222 HV0.5,热处理后焊接接头的整体显微硬度比热处理前的明显降低。     

Study on gas metal arc welding procedure of stainless steel

Summary

This paper describes an investigation of the creep rupture properties of welded joints produced from W-containing 9Cr-Mo-W steel. The creep rupture properties of the HAZ are also studied using simulated HAZ specimens subjected to PWHT (post-weld heat treatment). The effect of W on the creep rupture strength of the welded joints is examined.

Creep rupture tests of GTA (TIG) welded joints are conducted. The longest creep rupture time is around 20 000 hours. In the creep rupture tests, the welded joints rupture in the base metal at higher applied stresses, rupturing in the low-ductility fine-grained HAZ adjacent to the base metal at lower applied stresses.

When the welded joints rupture in the base metal, their creep rupture strength is as high as that of the base metal. When the welded joints rupture in the HAZ, however, their creep rupture strength is lower than that of the base metal. The cracking which occurs in the HAZ is TYPE IV cracking which tends to affect the welded joints of ferritic heat-resistant steel. TYPE IV cracking is the type which occurs in the fine-grained HAZ at a lower stress than the creep rupture strength of the base metal without being associated with any heavy deformation.

In the creep rupture tests, the simulated HAZ specimens heated to a temperature around Ac1 and Ac3 give a lower creep rupture strength than that of the base metal. The simulated HAZ specimens heated to the Ac3 temperature give the lowest creep rupture strength.

A comparison of the creep rupture strengths of welded joints produced from 9Cr-Mo-W steel and 9Cr-1 Mo-Nb-V (mod. 9Cr-Mo) steel suggests that W improves the creep rupture strength of both welded joints and base metal.     

Research on the creep damage and interfacial failure of dissimilarmetal welded joint between 10Cr9Mo1 VNbN and 12Cr1MoV steel

0　IntroductionAnewmodified 9Cr Mosteel (SA2 13T91orT91)pos sessesimprovedhightemperaturestrength ,excellentductili ty ,weldability ,heatfatigueproperties .Therefore ,T91hasbeenwidelyusedinelectricpower,petrochemicalplant,nu clearpowerstation ,andsoon[1～3] .Itisappliedtothefinalstagesofsuperheatersandreheatersinfossil firedpowerplants .However,lowalloypearlitesteel(12Cr1MoV)isstillusedintheearlierstages .Thus,therearealotofdissimilarmetalweldedjoints (DMWJs)betweenSA2 13T91and12Cr1Mo…     

Creep Behavior and Life Assessment of a Novel Heat-Resistant Austenite Steel and Its Weldment

In the present study, creep activation energy for rupture was obtained as 221-348 kJ/mol for 22Cr15Ni3.5 CuNbN due to the precipitation-hardening mechanism. The extrapolation strength of creep rupture time of 10~5 h at 923 K for22 Cr15 Ni3.5 CuNbN is more valid(83.71 MPa) predicted by the Manson-Haferd method, which is superior to other commercial heat-resistant steels. The tensile creep tests ranging from 180 to 240 MPa at 923 K were conducted to investigate creep deformation behavior of welded joint between a novel heat-resistant austenite steel 22Cr15Ni3.5 CuNbN and ERNiCrCoMo-1 weld metal. Apparent stress exponent value of 6.54 was obtained, which indicated that the ratecontrolled creep occurred in weldment during creep. A damage tolerance factor of 6.4 in the weldment illustrates that the microstructural degradation is the dominant creep damaging mechanism in the alloy. Meanwhile, the welded joints perform two types of deformation behavior with the variation in applied stress, which resulted from the different parts that govern the creep processing. Also, the morphology evolution of the fracture surfaces confirms the effects of stress level and stress state.     

马氏体/贝氏体耐热钢焊接接头的界面蠕变损伤行为

采用脉冲氩弧焊接工艺、高温加速模拟、高温持久实验研究了不同焊缝蠕变强度匹配条件下马氏体耐热钢9Cr1MoVNbN与贝氏体耐热钢12Cr2MoWVTiB异种钢焊接接头的高温强度、界面蠕变损伤及破坏特征.研究结果表明,焊前523 K预热、焊后1023 K×1 h回火条件下,接头的力学性能优异.加速模拟运行500,1000和1500 h后低匹配焊接接头的界面蠕变损伤最严重,发生了界面蠕变断裂,早期失效倾向较大;中匹配接头的蠕变损伤最小,仅发现个别孤立蠕变孔洞,早期失效倾向最小,中匹配接头在923 K下的持久强度(σ105)与低匹配接头比较接近;高匹配接头在923 K下的持久强度(σ105)最低,蠕变孔洞几乎连成裂纹,蠕变损伤和早期失效较大.因此,对于上述异种钢焊接接头采用中匹配焊缝较为合理.     

热处理工艺对M390/304 CMT焊接接头微观组织及力学性能的影响

基于改善M390高碳马氏体不锈钢与304奥氏体不锈钢焊接接头的力学性能特别是提高焊接接头硬度,以达到高端刀具生产的要求,对冷金属过渡焊接M390高碳马氏体不锈钢与304奥氏体不锈钢获得的焊接接头进行不同工艺的热处理研究.采用拉伸、维氏显微硬度测试及扫描电镜(SEM)表征不同热处理工艺的焊接接头力学性能及微观组织演变,统计了不同热处理工艺下焊接接头中M390母材、M390细晶区和M390粗晶区等区域的碳化物分布,研究了不同热处理工艺下焊接接头的断裂机理.研究结果表明,在1 150℃水淬热处理工艺下焊接接头既满足刀具钢硬度的要求,又具有良好的力学性能,可以作为M390/304焊接接头的最佳热处理工艺,对应焊接接头的抗拉强度和断后伸长率为502 MPa和20.8%,抗拉强度和断后伸长率分别是焊态的98%和95%. 1 150℃水淬热处理工艺的M390母材、细晶区和粗晶区中碳化物平均尺寸最小,碳化物形貌以细小的块状均匀分布.淬火温度升高,抗拉强度和断后伸长率均呈现出先下降后升高的趋势,随着冷却速度的减小,抗拉强度和断后伸长率均呈现出下降的趋势.不同热处理工艺下焊接接头的断裂位置在M390粗晶区...