高温合金差示扫描量热分析(DSC)的影响因素:粉末粒度和显微组织

对固溶强化型625镍基高温合金粉末进行升、降温差示扫描量热分析(DSC)试验,研究了不同粉末粒度(37,45～53,75～105,105～150,150～355μm)对相变温度的影响。采用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、电子探针(EPMA)和同步辐射X射线衍射(SXRD)对625合金粉末的形貌、元素分布和相组成进行表征。结果表明:不同粒径PM625粉末均为树枝晶结构,枝晶间距在2～10μm范围,元素Ni和Cr倾向分布于枝晶干,Mo和Nb偏析于枝晶间。不同粒度的PM625粉末中均仅存在基体γ相。PM625粉末DSC加热曲线固相线附近区域拐点尖锐,表现为合金开始熔化温度(偏离基线的拐点)与名义固相线温度(切线交点)差异很小,不同粒度间的差异仅为2～5℃。合金完全熔化后重新冷却的过程中原始粉末的低偏析特性消失,冷却曲线固相线区域圆弧较大,名义固相线和终凝温度差较大,为53～65℃。DSC试验升温过程中不同粒径粉末的固、液相线以及初熔温度最大差异分别为3, 2和2℃,降温过程不同粒径粉末固、液相线温度差分别为6和2℃。0～355μm粉末粒径范围内,粒径对固溶强化型PM625高温合金粉末相变温度无明显影响。     

高温合金差示扫描量热分析(DSC)的影响因素研究III：合金状态和升降温速率

摘 要：对固溶强化型镍基高温合金625进行升、降温差示扫描量热分析（DSC）试验,研究了同一合金不同状态（粉末态、粉末+热等静压态和铸态）以及升/降温速率（5-10℃/min）对相变温度的影响。采用场发射扫描电镜（FESEM）、电子探针（EPMA）对不同状态625合金的微观组织和元素分布进行表征。结果表明：（1）铸态比粉末态合金的枝晶间距大2个数量级,而热等静压态合金为无枝晶偏析的细等轴晶结构。（2）升、降温速率对DSC曲线中加热时基体开始熔化（等于固溶强化型合金的初熔温度）和冷却时开始凝固温度（偏离基线的拐点）无影响,但对合金加热熔化结束、冷却时大量凝固析出温度（峰位）和终凝温度（拐点）有明显影响。采用加热、冷却曲线相应相变温度平均值的方法可减少DSC试验和样品条件的影响,获得相对固定且更具可比性的合金相变温度。（3）合金状态对初熔温度和DSC升温曲线固相线温度附近的圆弧段有明显影响。根据DSC加热曲线固相线温度附近的圆弧大小可以判断合金的偏析倾向,弱偏析倾向的粉末态和热等静压态PM625合金DSC加热曲线固相线附近区域拐点尖锐,表现为合金开始熔化温度（偏离基线的拐点）与名义固相线温度（切线交点）差异很小,分别仅为5℃和6℃;偏析倾向较大的铸态IN625合金的DSC加热曲线中固相线温度附近区域为较大圆弧,开始熔化温度与名义固相线温度差异可达52℃。铸态625合金的初熔温度比热等静压态和粉末态分别低45℃和40℃,在实际热处理和热等静压等热工艺参数选择时应注意圆弧段较大的合金降低初熔温度的影响。在所有DSC冷却曲线中,由于完全熔化重新凝固消除了合金原始显微组织特征,不同状态625合金固相线温度区域附近曲线形态相似,均为较大的圆弧。     

一种镍基单晶合金的凝固行为

采用等温凝固方法研究了单晶镍基合金的凝固区间,利用DSC测试了合金的凝固曲线。结果表明:实验合金的液相线温度约为1380℃,固相线温度约为1310℃。合金的凝固顺序为:Lγ,L MC;γγ′;Lγ+MC。单晶合金的铸态组织中,W偏析于枝晶干,Ti、Cr、Mo和Ta偏析于枝晶间,偏析程度为:MoTiCrTa,Al和Co几乎不发生偏析。1314℃1382℃1361℃1325℃     

超瞬态凝固增材制造梯度整体涡轮叶盘用高温合金粉末特性研究I：盘体用合金粉末

本文针对超瞬态凝固增材制造梯度整体涡轮叶盘用高温合金粉末特性开展研究。根据合金的承温能力和JMatPro相平衡计算结果,分别选用GH4169和K418作为盘体心部和轮盘边缘部位材料,DZ4125作为叶片材料。采用真空感应熔炼氩气雾化制粉(VIGA)制备高温合金粉末,筛分至53-105μm粒度范围,采用差示扫描量热分析（DSC）、场发射扫描电镜（FESEM）、电子探针（EPMA）、激光粒度仪、动态图像粒度粒形分析仪以及综合粉体性能测试仪对高温合金粉末的相变温度、显微组织、元素偏析行为、粒度、粒形、松装密度、振实密度和流动性进行了系统表征。结果表明：K418合金固液温度范围比G4169合金窄,K418合金的γ′和MC碳化物的开始析出温度均比GH4169高,过渡区(GH4169+K418)混合成分合金主要强化相的析出温度介于GH4169和K418两种合金之间。GH4169和K418合金粉末形貌主要为球形和近球形。表面和截面显微组织主要呈树枝晶结构,所含元素中偏析倾向较强的元素有Ti、Nb、Zr和Mo,均富集分布于枝晶间,而偏析倾向弱的元素包括Ni、Cr、Fe和Al,高温合金粉末元素偏析类型与铸造镍基高温合金相近,但粉末组织更为细小均匀。激光衍射和动态图像分析法测得的粉末粒度值接近,GH4169的D50分别为79.1μm和76.2μm,K418的D50分别为67.8μm和65.6μm。动态图像法测得2种合金均具有较好的球形度,GH4169和K418的SPHT均值分别为0.91和0.90。所选GH4169和K418高温合金粉末具有相近的松装密度、振实密度和流动性,其松装和振实密度分别达到合金理论密度的50%和60%,压缩度在13.3~15.5%范围,粉末具有较好的流动性（18.5~20.4 s?(50 g)-1）。     

超瞬态凝固增材制造梯度整体涡轮叶盘用高温合金粉末特性研究Ⅱ：叶片用合金粉末

本文针对超瞬态凝固增材制造梯度整体涡轮叶盘高温合金叶片用合金粉末特性开展研究。根据合金的承温能力和JMatPro相平衡计算结果,选用DZ4125作为叶片材料,K418作为叶盘轮缘部位材料。采用真空感应熔炼氩气雾化制粉(VIGA)制备DZ4125高温合金粉末,筛分至53-105μm粒度范围,采用采用差示扫描量热分析（DSC）、场发射扫描电镜（FESEM）和能谱（EDS）、激光粒度仪、动态图像粒度粒形分析仪以及综合粉体性能测试仪对DZ4125高温合金粉末的相变温度、显微组织、析出相成分、元素偏析行为、粒度、粒形、松装密度、振实密度和流动性进行系统表征。结果表明：DZ4125比K418合金的固液凝固温度范围宽,过渡区DZ4125+K418混合成分合金其液相线温度和MC碳化物开始析出温度介于两种合金之间,γ′开始析出温度与两种合金相当。DZ4125合金粉末形貌主要为球形和近球形,表面和截面显微组织主要呈树枝晶结构。所含元素中偏析倾向较强的元素有Hf、Ta、Ti、Mo和W,而偏析倾向弱的元素包括Ni、Co、Cr和Al。粉末内部枝晶间区分布有细小的MC碳化物,尺寸约为200nm。激光衍射和动态图像分析法测得的DZ4125粉末粒度值接近,中位径D50分别为70.2μm和72.8μm。动态图像法测得DZ4125合金粉末具有较好的球形度,SPHT和b/l均值分别为0.91和0.86。所选DZ4125高温合金粉末具有较好的松装密度、振实密度和流动性,其松装和振实密度分别达到合金理论密度的52%和63%,压缩度为17.7%,且粉末具有较好的流动性（20.79 s?(50 g)-1）。     

镍基高温合金GH4282的凝固和偏析行为

采用差示扫描量热（DSC）分析、显微组织观察和热力学计算相结合的方法对镍基高温合金GH4282的凝固过程和元素偏析行为进行研究,得到了合金的凝固顺序以及元素偏析特征。结果表明,GH4282合金的凝固顺序为：γ基体、MC碳化物以及少量的硼化物。由DSC测得的合金GH4282合金的固-液相温度范围为1316~1367 ℃,MC、M6C型碳化物和γ′相的溶解温度分别为1338 ℃、1092 ℃和1003 ℃。热力学计算结果表明,GH4282合金在凝固过程C、B、Ti和Mo偏聚于枝晶间,Al偏析于枝晶干,Cr、Fe和Co几乎不发生偏析,这与铸态组织观察到的元素偏析特征是一致的。     

铸造镍基高温合金IN792的凝固和偏析行为研究

采用等温凝固淬火试验(ISQ)与差热扫描量热(DSC)分析的方法对铸造镍基高温合金IN792的凝固过程和元素在固、液相中的分配进行研究,得到了合金的等温凝固组织、相析出顺序图、凝固特性曲线以及元素在不同温度下的偏析特性。ISQ结果表明:IN792合金的液相线温度为1328℃,开始析出MC碳化物的温度为1310℃,开始形成(γ+γ’)共晶的温度为1225℃,于1190℃开始析出二次γ’相。由DSC测得的合金宏观固相线温度(尚存体积分数5%残余液体)和由ISQ测得的微观固相线温度(终凝温度)分别为1250和1180℃,两者相差达70℃,这一温度范围往往是热裂缺陷形成的敏感区间。IN792合金在液相线下30℃范围内液体量锐减,析出了体积分数约85%的γ枝晶。1300～1270℃是合金枝晶间液体由连通转为断开的温度范围,它与铸件疏松形成密切相关。在1325～1190℃温度区间,IN792合金中元素W、Co分配系数大于1,倾向富集于枝晶干固相,为负偏析元素;Zr、Mo、Ti、Ta、Cr分配系数小于1,倾向富集于枝晶间液相,为正偏析元素;Al在凝固早期富集于液相而后来倾向于分布在枝晶干固相区,随着凝固温度降低逐步转变为负偏析元素。在1325～1210℃温度范围内,随着凝固温度降低,Al、Ni的分配系数升高,而Mo、Cr的分配系数降低。相反,在1210～1180℃温度区间,随着凝固温度降低,Ni、Al的分配系数降低,而Mo、Cr的则升高。     

DD6单晶高温合金初熔组织演变机制研究

分析第二代单晶高温合金DD6在略高于固溶热处理窗口的温度1 330 ℃下保温的初熔组织演变。结果表明:保温0.5 h后，枝晶间发生明显初熔，并大量形成典型初熔组织，部分初熔组织中心形成显微孔洞；随保温时间延长，初熔逐渐消退并演变为正常合金组织；保温8 h后，初熔组织完全消失，仅留下初熔形成的微孔。应用热力学、动力学计算分析试验结果可知:DD6合金在铸态下枝晶偏析显著，枝晶间固相线温度明显低于枝晶干，在略高于枝晶间固相线的温度下保温，初始阶段枝晶间发生初熔；继续保温，元素均匀化程度改善，枝晶间固相线温度升高，初熔组织逐渐消退，最终演变为正常合金组织。     

一种亚共析铀铌合金的凝固特点及显微偏析研究

分析了一种亚共析U-Nb合金的凝固过程,获得了该合金的固相线、液相线温度和固-液两相区的残余液相体积。发现凝固末期残余液体不能形成液体网,凝固枝晶很快互相连接,形成一些较大的孤立的液体池。凝固末期这种不能补缩的液体池易形成严重的疏松,理论初步计算合金的显微疏松量约为1.6%。发现合金中铌是严重的负偏析合金元素,凝固中期和凝固末期偏析系数k仅为0.16和0.11,极易在枝晶干偏聚造成枝晶偏析。     

超音速电弧熔化气雾化CuAg10粉末的特性

利用超音速电弧熔化气雾化法制备了CuAg10合金粉末,对合金粉末的组织结构、粒度分布特征、X射线衍射特性、晶格常数及形貌特征等进行了系统研究.结果表明:粉末组织为二次枝晶臂间距很小的枝晶,雾化时的冷却速度达105K/s;合金粉末粒度均匀细小,形状多为球形、类球状, 平均尺寸为44μm;在雾化过程中形成了过饱和(Cu)和(Ag).     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

INTRODUCTION TO PATENTS

The invention provides a method of making a mold which can reduce SOx generation rate while preventing decrease in hardening rate in the case of using sulfuric acid for a hardener composition. The method has a mixture step in which fire-resistant particles, a hardener composition and a binder composition are mixed to obtain a composition for a mold. The hardener composition contains sulfuric acid. In the mixture step, sodium carbonate is added. A molar ratio of the sulfuric acid to the sodium carbonate is 0.5 or more and 4.0 or less.     

China Foundry Week 2014

China Foundry Week, hosted by the Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society （FICMES） each year, is a large academic event in China. It is one of the ten high-impact activities sponsored by the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society.     

17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering Call for papers

正1.Contents In order to promote the academic exchanges and technical communication of the research in the field of fluid power transmission and control,fluid control engineering specialized committee of the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics will hold the 17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering on July 27-29,2014 in Tibet,Lhasa city.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.     

Rheology Feature of Simple Metal Melt

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.