固溶温度对超纯净18Ni(350)马氏体时效钢断裂韧性及微观组织的影响

研究了在1083—1483K温度范围内，固溶温度对超纯净18Ni(350)马氏体时效钢断裂韧性(KIC)的影响．通过透射电镜(TEM)研究了马氏体时效钢微观组织的变化，结合相变曲线和断口扫描电镜(SEM)观察，探讨了固溶温度对断裂韧性的影响机理．结果表明：超纯净马氏体时效钢的断裂韧性(KIC)随着固溶温度的升高或再结晶晶粒尺寸的长大而增加，不存在常见的Ti(C，N)在晶界偏聚而引起的“热脆”现象．固溶态马氏体时效钢由单一的马氏体板条组成，其形貌、间距以及位错密度不受固溶温度的影响．在时效过程中，随着固溶温度的升高或再结晶晶粒的粗化，Ni3(Mo，Ti)等时效析出相在晶界或板条界的偏聚程度逐渐加重并导致基体软化，合金元素Ni，Mo的富集诱发了逆转变奥氏体形成．这使裂纹尖端易于钝化而表现出韧窝状穿晶断裂和保持较高的断裂韧性．     

18Ni马氏体时效钢原始奥氏体晶界显示方法

利用光学显微镜(蔡司)，在室温下，通过配制不同成分、浓度浸蚀剂和化学浸蚀方法，对经不同温度处理后的18Ni马氏体时效钢的原始奥氏体晶界显示方法进行了系统研究。结果表明：采用腐蚀性强、浓度高的浸蚀剂只能获得18Ni马氏体时效钢的金相显微组织，而采用体积比为4%的硝酸酒精溶液，对800~925 ℃固溶空冷后的18Ni马氏体时效钢试样进行化学浸蚀，能清晰地显示出18Ni马氏体时效钢试样原始奥氏体晶界，并可以进行准确的晶粒度级别数评定。     

18Ni马氏体时效钢原始奥氏体晶界显示方法

利用光学显微镜(蔡司)，在室温下，通过配制不同成分、浓度浸蚀剂和化学浸蚀方法，对经不同温度处理后的18Ni马氏体时效钢的原始奥氏体晶界显示方法进行了系统研究。结果表明：采用腐蚀性强、浓度高的浸蚀剂只能获得18Ni马氏体时效钢的金相显微组织，而采用体积比为4%的硝酸酒精溶液，对800~925 ℃固溶空冷后的18Ni马氏体时效钢试样进行化学浸蚀，能清晰地显示出18Ni马氏体时效钢试样原始奥氏体晶界，并可以进行准确的晶粒度级别数评定。     

Co对马氏体时效硬化不锈钢组织和性能的影响

利用光学显微镜(OM)、拉伸试验和硬度测试研究了合金元素Co对马氏体时效硬化不锈钢固溶态和时效态显微组织和性能的影响。结果表明:在1040～1100℃固溶时,晶粒尺寸随温度升高而增大;含Co钢晶粒尺寸和马氏体板条束尺寸均小于不含Co试验钢。力学性能测试表明:固溶温度对固溶态试验钢的硬度几乎没有影响;随时效温度升高,钢的强度和硬度减小,伸长率增大;时效处理后含Co钢的强度和硬度均大于不含Co试验钢,伸长率变化则不明显。加入Co元素的试验钢具有良好的综合力学性能。     

固溶温度对NF709奥氏体耐热钢微观组织和力学性能的影响

研究了固溶温度对固溶态和固溶+时效态NF709奥氏体耐热钢微观组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,随固溶温度升高,钢中晶粒明显长大,一次析出相尺寸、数量均减小.700℃短时(＜300 h)时效处理,颗粒状M23C6相沿晶界析出,呈断续分布;超过1000 h时效后,M23C6相明显粗化,并沿晶界呈链状分布;随初始固溶温度升高,3000 h时效态试样晶内细小Z相和MX相的密度增加,尺寸变化不大.固溶温度对时效态试样的硬度和高温强度影响显著,1250℃固溶+700℃×3000 h时效态钢的高温(700 ℃)屈服强度达235 MPa,比1100℃固溶+700℃×3000 h时效态钢的强度(205 MPa)高出14.6％.晶界上M23C6相的粗化和晶内细小Z相、MX相的数量差别是造成这一性能差异的原因.     

提高Cr-Ni-Mo-Ti马氏体时效不锈钢超低温韧性的固溶处理工艺

研究了12Cr-10Ni-Mo-Ti马氏体时效不锈钢在1000 ℃固溶处理+750 ℃重复低温固溶处理+不同温度时效处理后的显微组织、室温强度和低温冲击性能,并用XRD分析了不同固溶和时效工艺下的残留奥氏体/逆转变奥氏体含量,对比分析了不同固溶处理工艺下时效响应强度逆转变奥氏体的析出和时效强化规律。结果表明,Cr-Ni-Mo-Ti马氏体时效不锈钢经1000 ℃固溶处理后再进行750 ℃低温固溶处理时以α′→γ剪切逆相变形成奥氏体,不仅遗传奥氏体的晶粒形态和尺寸,且形成的奥氏体内高密度缺陷增大马氏体相变抗力,同时显著降低逆转变奥氏体的形成温度,使750 ℃固溶处理两次时残留16.4%奥氏体,再经460 ℃峰时效形成了30%以上的残留奥氏体+逆转变奥氏体,液氮温度冲击吸收能量极高,达80 J以上,并且奥氏体的高缺陷密度遗传到马氏体内增强时效强化效应,因此显著改善低温冲击性能的同时并未明显降低抗拉和屈服强度。     

固溶温度对Cr-Co-Mo马氏体钢碳化物演变及力学性能的影响

利用SEM和TEM研究了固溶温度对Cr-Co-Mo马氏体钢碳化物演变行为及力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着固溶温度的升高,基体中M₆C碳化物回溶,屈服强度下降而室温冲击吸收能量递增;原始奥氏体晶粒由于缺乏晶界上球形M₆C碳化物的钉扎作用迅速长大,细晶强化效果减弱,但晶界处裂纹源减少使得韧性提高。在1120 ℃固溶后晶粒尺寸最大,而马氏体基内析出与基体共格的纳米棒状M₂C碳化物平均粒径最小、单位面积百分数最高和颗粒间距最短,因此即使损失了细晶强化效果,但析出强化增补了强度,使得屈服强度在晶粒长大后不发生大幅下降;同时,由于共格析出提高了基体的变形协调性,韧性也未发生降低。     

18Ni马氏体时效钢循环相变细晶工艺研究

研究了循环相变对18Ni(1800 MPa级)马氏体时效钢奥氏体晶粒细化的影响.结果表明,通过加热温度递减的变温循环相变,18Ni马氏体时效钢奥氏体晶粒尺寸可由201 μm的粗大等轴晶细化为约10 μm的均匀细小晶粒;而通过950、920和900℃的等温循环相变,得到细化的晶粒尺寸为12～14μm;通过循环相变显著细化了马氏体时效钢的晶粒尺寸,而温度递减的变温循环相变是该钢细化晶粒的有效措施.     

高温淬火改善超高强度钢应力腐蚀断裂抗力的研究

研究了淬火温度对30Cr3SiNiMoV超高强度钢在3.5%NaCl水溶液中的应力腐蚀断裂的影响。淬火温度从870℃升高到1200℃时,应力腐蚀断裂门槛值K_(ISCC)不断升高,均为沿晶断裂。对原奥氏体晶界偏聚、晶粒尺寸等微观因素的分析表明,该钢K_(ISCC)升高的主要原因是原奥氏体晶粒尺寸的增大。     

固溶和时效处理对Fe-Mn-Al-C轻质钢组织和硬度的影响

采用 X 射线衍射仪(XRD)、光学显微镜 (OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)和布氏硬度计等对固溶时效处理后Fe-Mn-Al-C轻质钢的显微组织和硬度进行表征分析。结果表明,随着固溶温度的升高,试验钢中奥氏体晶粒尺寸逐渐增大,在1050 ℃时,晶粒尺寸为50~200 μm,而随着时效温度的升高,奥氏体晶粒长大不明显,奥氏体基体中出现κ-碳化物和VC等第二相。随着时效温度的升高,试验钢中第二相的析出形貌逐渐由零星点状式到片状聚集式,再到链状形态分布在奥氏体基体内。试验钢的硬度随着固溶温度的升高和时效温度的降低,分别呈降低和增加的趋势。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.