球铁浸镀微弧氧化陶瓷层的制备与组织分析

通过热浸镀铝及微弧氧化的方法在球墨铸铁表面上获得了陶瓷层,并对该涂层进行了XRD、SEM分析.研究结果表明:浸镀温度越高,镀层越厚,直到达到一峰值;浸镀时间越长,镀层越厚.球墨铸铁浸镀微弧氧化获得的涂层由涂层表面至基体依次为陶瓷层、纯铝层、扩散层、基体.陶瓷层主要为Al2O3相,扩散层由FeAl3、Fe2Al5相组成.     

高温扩散对0Cr18Ni10Ti热浸镀铝抗高温氧化性能的影响研究

采用熔剂法对0Cr18Ni10Ti热浸镀铝。通过高温热重分析仪对热浸镀铝试样、热浸镀铝经扩散退火处理后的试样及0Cr18Ni10Ti不锈钢试样900℃×24h短期氧化行为进行了研究,采用EDS、SEM对截面进行了能谱分析及形貌观察,利用XRD对表面进行了物相分析。研究结果表明,热浸镀铝经950℃×2 h高温扩散试样及不锈钢900℃×24 h氧化动力学曲线均符合抛物线规律,热浸镀铝经950℃×2 h高温扩散提高了0Cr18Ni10Ti不锈钢的抗高温氧化性,Fe Al金属间化合物具有较好的抗高温氧化性能。热浸镀铝未经950℃×2h高温扩散,试样表层富铝层较疏松。     

1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢渗铝层结构及其抗氧化性能

在1Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢表面进行了热浸扩散渗铝试验研究.试样在730 ℃铝浴中浸镀5 min,先获得良好的热浸镀铝层.以NH4C1为活化剂,在960℃密封扩散6 h,获得了与基体结合良好的扩散渗铝层.应用SEM和能谱分析等方法分析了耐热钢热浸扩散渗铝层的成分、组织和形貌.获得的奥氏体钢的扩散渗铝层具有明显的双层特征,内扩散层主要由Fe,Al相和NiAl析出相组成,在外扩散层内为MeAl结构,并观察到气泡状孔穴;奥氏体不锈钢经扩散渗铝后的抗高温氧化性能优于未处理态.     

热浸镀铝硅镀层微观组织结构表征

目的 研究热成形钢热浸镀铝硅镀层的微观组织与物相组成.方法 利用扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)分析铝硅镀层表面与截面的微观组织形貌与成分,利用X射线衍射(XRD)和电子背散射衍射技术(EBSD)分析铝硅镀层的物相组成与比例.结果 热浸镀铝硅镀层表面由富Al相、少量的富Fe相以及树枝晶网状分布的高Si相构成,截面是由内外两层组成,其靠近铁基体的内层为Fe-Al-Si合金层,外层为Al-Si层.进一步的研究显示,Al-Si层由富Al相、少量的富Fe相以及柱状分布的高Si相构成,高Si相主要存在于合金层与铝硅层界面以及Al-Si层中.结论 热浸镀铝硅镀层中富Al相、富Fe相、高Si相和Fe-Al-Si三元合金层的物相分别为Al、Al13Fe4、Si和Al8Fe2Si.对热浸镀铝硅镀层中高Si相的研究显示,分布于合金层与铝硅层界面处的高Si相,可以有效阻碍镀层的生长,而分布于铝硅层中的高Si相在空间中以立体网状骨架的结构形式存在,这种立体网状结构形式作为镀层的主体框架,可以有效地提高镀层的强韧性和成形性能.     

热浸镀工艺对低碳钢铝锌硅镀层表面形貌及组织的影响

利用CAG-III热浸镀锌模拟试验机对低碳钢DX51D基板进行一组不同浸镀温度及时间下的热浸镀铝锌硅试验。通过显微镜、扫描电镜及能谱仪等对试样表面形貌及组织进行分析。结果表明:该Al-Zn-Si镀层表面形貌为典型六边形树枝状,枝干为富Al的固溶体相,填充于枝间的为富Zn固溶体相,Si元素则弥散分布在整个镀层表面上。浸镀温度为580℃、浸镀时间为10 s时,镀层表面质量最佳,镀层截面厚度较为均匀,为50μm左右。Al-Zn-Si镀层外层为Al-Zn合金凝固形成的结晶层,其中连续灰色相为富铝相,富铝相中分散分布的白色块状相为富锌相,内层为由Al、Zn、Fe、Si元素组成的四元合金相。     

奥氏体不锈钢热浸镀铝层的抗氧化特性

为进一步提高奥氏体不锈钢0Cr18Ni9Ti的高温使用性能,对该钢进行了热浸镀铝处理和抗高温氧化性能的试验.试验结果表明:经热浸镀铝处理后,奥氏体不锈钢0Cr18Ni9Ti的抗高温氧化性能明显得到改善,其热浸镀铝层的抗高温氧化行为符合抛物线规律.1 000℃抗氧化试验表明:在高温氧化过程中,表层Al2O3氧化膜及扩散层中的金属间化合物FeAl相和β-NiAl相起到抗氧化作用.     

扩散方式对不锈钢热浸镀铝镀层形貌的影响

以1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢为研究对象,对其进行热浸镀铝。热浸镀后分别采用了空气扩散、包膜扩散和真空扩散3种不同的扩散方式。借助SEM和EDS研究了扩散前后镀层的形貌、厚度和成分的变化,分析了扩散方式对镀层形貌和抗高温氧化性能的影响。结果表明,1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢热浸镀并经950℃扩散3 h后,获得了与基体结合良好的双扩散层组织。试样表面主要为Al2O3等金属氧化物,外层主要为FeAl3、MeAl等金属间化合物,内层主要为Fe3Al和AlNi等金属间化合物。包膜扩散试样中的镀层总厚度和内层厚度最大,抗高温氧化性能最好。     

Si对高熵合金涂层组织和高温抗氧化性能的影响

研究了Si含量对窄带/宽带激光熔覆NiCoFeCrSi_xAlCuTiMoB_0.4(x=1.0, 0.5)高熵合金涂层组织、相结构及高温抗氧化性能的影响。结果表明:窄带涂层组织为树枝晶,主要相结构为BCC固溶体。宽带涂层为较粗大的树枝晶,相结构由BCC固溶体和存在于枝晶间的B(Fe, Si)₃、Cr₂B少量第二相组成,且Si元素的减少使得涂层中的B(Fe, Si)₃第二相含量减少。宽带涂层经800 ℃氧化50 h后氧化产物截面主要由富Cr的外氧化层和富Al的内氧化层组成,Si元素含量的增加提高了涂层的抗高温氧化性能,特别是显著降低了内氧化层厚度。     

304不锈钢热浸镀Al-3%Si-0.5%RE工艺及镀层组织研究

采用Al-3%Si-0.5%RE浸镀液,通过改变热浸镀温度与时间、扩渗温度与时间,对304不锈钢进行热浸镀铝工艺研究。借助扫描电镜对镀层组织进行观察,采用EDS及XRD对镀层不同区域进行成分及相分析。结果表明:当浸镀温度740℃,浸镀15 min时,获得铝镀层平均厚度约为100μm;再经820℃扩渗4 h,获得较好的扩渗层,其平均厚度约为115μm。镀层经扩散退火后由表面铝层和扩渗层组成,表面铝层组织主要为Al和少量Al_2O_3相,扩散层组织主要为FeAl、FeAl_3和Fe_2Al_5相。     

预镀层不锈钢/铝异种金属高频感应钎焊接头界面及力学性能分析

文中通过热浸镀一层纯铝到不锈钢表面,再对0Cr18Ni9不锈钢和LF21铝合金采用高频感应钎焊.当热浸镀时间从10 s增加到50 s时,镀层厚度从7 μm增加到20 μm,反应层由FeAl₃向Fe₂Al₅发生转变.在热浸镀温度为750℃,浸镀时间为10 s时,镀层成型最好,高频感应电流为270 A,加热时间30 s时,抗拉强度达到167.12 MPa,比不浸镀的接头强度高63.8%.主要是因为镀层限制钢中的Fe原子和Al-Si钎料中的Al,Si原子的相互扩散,在热浸镀不锈钢与铝合金反应中使Fe₂Al₅转化为Fe（Al,Si）₂固溶体而未形成5-Al₈Fe₂Si化合物,降低了界面上硬脆化合物的含量,力学性能随之提高.     

High Temperature Oxidation and Wear Resistance of Y-modified Hot Dipping Aluminized Coating on SCH12 Steel

Microstructures,high-temperature oxidation and wear resistance of hot dipping Al-Si-Y coating on SCH12 heat resistant cast steel were investigated in this study.The aluminized coating was characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry(EDX)and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The results showed that the coating was composed of the Al-rich outer layer and the intermetallics inner layer.In the Al-rich layer,some Y-rich precipitates and Fe-Al-Si-Cr precipitates could be observed.The intermetallics layer presented three layers induced by the increase of Fe,Cr,Ni content and the corresponding decrease of Al,Si content.The oxidation tests were conducted in still air at 850℃for up to 100 h.After oxidation,a top oxide scale composed of mainlyα-Al2O3,Al5Y3O12 was formed on the steel surface.The intermetallics beneath the oxide scale consisted of mainly FeAl and small amount of Fe2Al5 and Cr3Si phase.The mass gain of the coated and uncoated SCH1steel is 0.45 mg/cm 2 and 0.57 mg/cm 2,respectively.The wear resistance was investigated using a high-temperature pin-on-disc tribometer at 650℃.The wear rate for the coated and uncoated steel is 0.45μm 3 /μm.N and 3.01μm 3 /μm.N,respectively.The high temperature wear tests and oxidation tests results demonstrated that the yttrium-modified aluminized specimen had significantly improved high-temperature wear resistance and equivalent oxidation resistance compared with the original SCH12 specimen.     

Effect of Ternary Elements on the Oxidation Behavior of Aluminized TiAl Alloys

The effects of ternary elements added to TiAl on the coating layer formed by the pack-aluminizing process was studied with respect to oxidation resistance and mechanical properties. All the TiAl specimens, with various amounts of Nb, Cr, Fe, and V, were pack aluminized under identical conditions using a high-activity process. Among the ternary alloying elements tested, Nb showed the best property of the TiAl₃ coating layer formed on the surface and, consequently, the best oxidation resistance. The TiAl₃ coating layer becomes thicker and has a finer grain size as the content of Nb or Cr is increased. Microhardness tests revealed that the addition of Nb or Cr improved the toughness of the coating layer and thus improved the cracking resistance. Cyclic oxidation tests showed that the TiAl₃ coating layer formed on the TiAl alloy has better oxidation resistance with increasing Nb content. The ductility and oxidation resistance of the TiAl₃ coating layers improved with Nb addition, which contributes to the grain refinement of TiAl₃. The Nb present in the TiAl₃ coating layer inhibits grain growth by the solute-drag effect and retards inward diffusion of Al to the TiAl matrix by forming (Nb, Ti)Al₃ precipitates during high-temperature oxidation.     

Complex Boronized Layer on the Hot-dip Aluminized Steels and Its Surface Performances

DIFFUSION treatment could eliminate the porous inthe hot-dipped aluminum layers and promote thecombination of the profile with the matrix.On the otherhand,boron atoms could decrease the brittleness of theferro-aluminum alloyed layer.More luckily,thetemperature range for boronizing is consistent with thatfor diffusion treatment.Therefore,complex boronizingwas carried out on the hot-dip aluminized steels bydiffusion-treating at high temperature in order to furtherraise wear-resistance,anti-ox…     

The Effect of Water Vapor on the Oxidation Behavior of CVD Iron-Aluminide Coatings

The oxidation behavior of iron-aluminide coatings, Fe₃Al or (Fe,Ni)₃Al, produced by chemical-vapor deposition (CVD) was studied in the temperature range of 700–800°C in air + 10 vol.% H₂O. A typical ferritic steel, Fe–9Cr–1Mo, and an austenitic stainless steel, 304L, were coated. For both substrates, the as-deposited coating consisted of a thin (<5μm), Al-rich outer layer above a thicker (30–50 μm), lower-Al-content inner layer. In addition to coated and uncoated Fe–9Cr–1Mo and 304L, cast Fe–Al model alloys with similar Al contents (13–20 at.%) to the CVD coatings were included in the oxidation exposures for comparison. The specimens were cycled to 1000 1 hr cycles at 700°C and 500 1 hr cycles at 800°C, respectively. The CVD coating specimens showed excellent performance in the water-vapor environment at both temperatures, while the uncoated alloys were severely attacked. These results suggest that an aluminide coating can substantially improve resistance to water-vapor attack under these conditions.     

Microstructure of aluminized stainless steel 310 after annealing

The aluminized coating on type 310 stainless steel prepared by high-activity Al pack cementation method has been annealed at 900 °C for 12 h to transform the brittle δ-Fe₂Al₅ phase into the more ductile β-FeAl phase. The microstructure is studied in detail with transmission electron microscopy. The thick outer layer has β-(Fe, Ni)Al as matrix with cube-like Cr₂Al precipitates. The interfacial layer has a thin layer of metastable FCC phase (layer I) and then mixed β-(Fe, Ni)Al grains and α-(Fe, Cr) grains (layers II and III). The Cr₂Al precipitates are present in the β-(Fe, Ni)Al grains in layer II but not in those in layer III, while β-FeAl precipitates are present in the α-(Fe, Cr) grains in both layers. The orientation relationships between various phases, the formation of the layers, and the precipitation of Cr₂Al in β-(Fe, Ni)Al are discussed.     

Isothermal and thermal cycling oxidation of hot-dip aluminide coating on flake/spheroidal graphite cast iron

Two types of cast iron, flake graphite and spheroidal graphite cast iron, with ferrite matrix and similar composition, were aluminized by hot-dipping. As-coated aluminide layer consists of the outer Al topcoat, inner Fe–Al intermetallic layer and dispersed graphite. Isothermal and thermal cycling oxidation tests of aluminized specimens have been conducted. Cast irons with aluminide coating exhibit higher oxidation resistance than without the coating. However, different graphite structure results in diverse quality of aluminide coatings. Aluminide coating on flake graphite cast iron exhibits less oxidation resistance and adhesion to the substrate.     

R26合金盐浴渗铬后的组织与性能

利用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、显微硬度计、摩擦磨损试验机、循环极化曲线和高温氧化试验对R26合金渗铬后的组织性能进行研究。结果表明,R26合金渗铬及热处理后,渗层主要由Ni-Cr-Fe、NiCoCr、Ni3Al、(Cr,Co,Ni)23C6、(Cr,Fe)7C3等相组成,渗层厚度约15μm,表面硬度显著提高,摩擦因数降低,磨损率明显减少,耐磨性提高。R26合金渗铬及热处理后,耐电化学腐蚀和抗高温氧化性能有一定提高,对于改善高温螺栓的抗咬死能力有一定的作用。     

Effects of Cr–Si Diffusion Barrier Layer on the Oxidation Resistance of NiCrAlY Coating System with Aluminized Top Layer

A multilayer coating, which consisted of a Cr–Si co-deposited layer as the diffusion barrier, a plasma sprayed NiCrAlY middle layer, and an aluminized top layer, was developed. During the aluminizing treatment, Cr in the NiCrAlY layer was released as the γ/γ′ structure of this layer transformed to the β phase. The released Cr was inhibited by the inner Cr–Si layer to diffuse into the substrate, and a Cr layer eventually formed over the Cr–Si layer. The Cr layer impeded the inward diffusion of Al due to the low solubility of Al in the Cr layer so that more Al atoms remain in the coating and contributed to the oxidation resistance of the coating. The multilayer coating exhibited better oxidation and spallation resistance than coatings without a Cr–Si layer, at least at 1050 °C for up to 1000 h.     

High Temperature Oxidation of Hot-Dip Aluminized T92 Steels

The T92 steel plate was hot-dip aluminized, and oxidized in order to characterize the high-temperature oxidation behavior of hot-dip aluminized T92 steel. The coating consisted of Al-rich topcoat with scattered Al₃Fe grains, Al₃Fe-rich upper alloy layer with scattered (Al, Al₅Fe₂, AlFe)-grains, and Al₅Fe₂–rich lower alloy layer with scattered (Al₅Fe₂, AlFe)-grains. Oxidation at 800 °C for 20 h formed (α-Al₂O₃ scale)/(AlFe layer)/(AlFe₃ layer)/(α-Fe(Al) layer), while oxidation at 900 °C for 20 h formed (α-Al₂O₃ scale plus some Fe₂O₃)/(AlFe layer)/(AlFe₃ layer)/(α-Fe(Al) layer) from the surface. During oxidation, outward migration of all substrate elements, inward diffusion of oxygen, and back and forth diffusion of Al occurred according to concentration gradients. Also, diffusion transformed and broadened AlFe and AlFe₃ layers dissolved with some oxygen and substrate alloying elements. Hot-dip aluminizing improved the high-temperature oxidation resistance of T92 steel through preferential oxidation of Al at the surface.