多孔弹性复合材料研制及其吸能缓冲特性

针对战斗部侵彻多层靶板过程中引信承受多次高过载时的缓冲防护需求,提出一种新的缓冲材料设计思路。通过将多孔介质与弹性聚合物混炼加工,形成弹性聚合物纤维空间骨架包络多孔介质颗粒的新型结构。利用扫描电子显微镜分析弹性聚合物质量占比对复合材料内部结构的影响,并结合孔隙率测试和多次静压试验分析弹性聚合物质量占比对材料内部孔隙率和可恢复特性的影响。利用马歇特击锤试验装置进行多次冲击试验,验证材料的吸能缓冲能力。试验结果表明：具有弹性纤维骨架包络结构的多孔材料具备良好的吸能特性和可恢复特性,在多次冲击过程中性能优于纯多孔材料、过填充薄膜材料和聚合物材料,可用于引信在多次冲击历程中的缓冲与防护。     

烧结工艺对原位反应莫来石/碳化硅多孔陶瓷性能的影响

以SiC微粉、α-Al2O3和广西白泥为原料,采用原位反应烧结工艺制备莫来石/碳化硅多孔陶瓷,研究烧结温度与保温时间对莫来石/碳化硅多孔陶瓷性能的影响,利用SEM和XRD对多孔陶瓷的相组成和断口形貌进行表征。结果表明:随着烧结温度的升高,莫来石/碳化硅多孔陶瓷的气孔率降低而弯曲强度增加,烧结温度为1 350℃时,气孔率为30.5%,弯曲强度为26.8 MPa;随保温时间的增加,液相量增加;莫来石的形成有助于改善莫来石/碳化硅多孔陶瓷的力学性能。     

粉末冶金多孔材料性能研究

为了研究多孔结构的渗透特性和机械性能,采用粉末冶金模压烧结技术制备微孔尺寸约5μm不锈钢、高温合金和铜合金非等厚回转体多孔发汗结构,研究了其微孔分布均匀性、气体渗透性能和力学性能与孔隙率的关系,渗透率随孔隙率增大而增大,强度随孔隙率增大而降低,除铜合金外,延伸率随孔隙率增大而降低。金属粉末冶金多孔材料可用于热防护结构的发汗冷却。     

RDX为基的PBX炸药压制过程损伤形成研究

黑索今(RDX)属于非补强性填料,与黏结剂的结合效果差,当其受到载荷作用时,黏结剂与RDX间的界面结合容易被破坏,黏附失效而导致黏结剂从固体颗粒表面脱离,容易出现产品缺陷,影响产品性能.为深入了解RDX为基的高聚物粘结炸药(PBX)压制过程的损伤形成规律,对以RDX为基的两种炸药配方进行压制实验,研究了压制条件及黏结剂选择等因素对炸药成型性能的影响规律.结果表明:控制降温速率、采取分段保压的方法可有效抑制炸药件内部损伤的形成;选择适当的黏结剂对提高RDX为基的PBX炸药压制件的成型性能具有重要作用,丙烯腈丙烯酸酯黏结剂与RDX之间的黏附性能要比F_(2311)好,该炸药配方压制出的炸药柱各方面性能良好,而以F_(2311)为黏结剂的炸药配方压制出的炸药柱不能满足使用要求,存在较大的质量缺陷.     

储存能对纯金属粉末烧结过程的影响

为了研究冷压和加热方式对烧结过程的影响,利用高温光学显微镜对Al-Mg和Al-Cu等二元合金体系进行了原位烧结观察。结果表明:加热方式和压制力对烧结速度都有很大影响。在最高温度相同的情况下,单一温度烧结比分阶段烧结时颗粒熔融速度要快得多;烧结前的退火工艺大大延缓了烧结进程;在一定范围内提高冷坯成型时的压制力能明显提高烧结速度。进一步分析表明储存能是造成以上结果的直接因素,合理利用储存能成为提高烧结效率的一条重要途径。试验的结果为优化现有粉末冶金工艺提供了直接的试验依据。     

N型热电材料ZnO热压烧结工艺研究

经实验摸索再经均匀试验和正交试验研究,找出了热电材料ZnO的热压烧结工艺。试验结果表明:所用的热压烧结工艺可明显地降低压制压力、烧结温度及缩短烧结时间,具有显著的活化烧结功效;且可保持原有的组织结构。热压烧结体组织疏松、有较多的孔隙,是降低热导率提高热电性能的有效措施和良好结果。     

多孔聚酰亚胺制备及其含石墨烯润滑油摩擦性能分析

为了实现轴承自润滑,用多孔聚酰亚胺(PPI)作轴承保持架材料,研究其含石墨烯润滑油的含油性能和摩擦学性能。以纳米SiO₂颗粒为造孔剂,制备不同孔隙率的PPI试件,通过浸油和离心甩油试验测试PPI的含油性能。通过摩擦磨损试验分析孔隙率、石墨烯质量分数和载荷等因素对PPI摩擦性能的影响。结果表明：含石墨烯润滑油的PPI的含油能力与孔隙率成正比;PPI含石墨烯润滑油的摩擦性能与基础油相比,摩擦因数降低了82%。研究结果为聚酰亚胺应用于轴承保持架提供了重要依据。     

Al2O3/Y2O3复合助剂对常压烧结B4C陶瓷性能的影响

以B4C微粉为原料,聚乙烯醇(PVA)、酚醛树脂为黏结剂,Al_2O_3+Y_2O_3为复合烧结助剂,在2 250℃的烧结温度下,采用常压烧结工艺制备碳化硼陶瓷,研究复合助剂Al_2O_3+Y_2O_3的加入量对碳化硼陶瓷材料的显微组织、烧结性能以及力学性能的影响。结果表明,Al_2O_3+Y_2O_3的质量分数为0.75%时,常压烧结B4C陶瓷材料的性能最佳:烧结体相对烧结密度为96.4%,最大抗弯强度为360 MPa,硬度为26.47 GPa。显微组织显示气孔细小,分布均匀。     

压制PBX中炸药晶体损伤的研究进展

综述了压制高聚物粘结炸药(PBX)中炸药晶体在机械载荷作用下晶体的微(细)观结构演化,演化过程中损伤的表征和损伤对PBX炸药宏观性能的影响,讨论了压制压力、压制温度、晶体品质和粘结体系对PBX压制过程中晶体损伤的影响,在此基础上讨论了损伤机制和多种构建PBX中晶体损伤的物理模型,认为通过改变压制方式、压制温度、晶体品质和粘结体系可减少晶体压制损伤的产生;利用流形元法、离散元法、图像处理技术等可实现对PBX炸药进行较真实的建模。      

泡沫铅的制备及预制块的研究

对渗流铸造法制备泡沫铅及其关键———预制块的制备过程进行了实验研究。着重考察了预制块的粒径、松装密度、烧结温度、烧结时间和预制块组分间的配比五个因素对预制块孔隙率的影响 ,并采用渗流铸造法成功地制备出孔隙率为 4 3 .6%～ 73 .6%的泡沫铅 ,得到了泡沫铅的孔隙率与孔径 (取决于预制块的粒径 )之间的关系。     

Stability of the Third Generation Intensifier under Illumination

The stability under illumination of transmission-mode GaAs photocathode sealed in the third generation intensifier is investigated by use of spectral response testing instruments. The variations of spectral response with the illumination times under weak and intense illumination are compared. The variations of photoemission performance parameters are also characterized. The results show that during initial several weak illuminations photocathode behaves no evident decay and a maximum sensitivity is achieved, while under intense illumination the sensitivity of photocathode begin to decrease largely at the first illumination. The calculated performance parameters show that the variation of surface escape probability with illumination times is a direct cause of instability of photocathode. It is also found that under intense illumination peak wavelength is moved towards short-wave and peak response is decreased, which shows that the ability of long-wave response of photocathode is decreased.     

Expert Systems Aimed at General Design of Projectiles

Expert systems aimed at the general design of projectiles can implement a series of intelligent designs, such as the design of HE shell, the scheme expounded and proved, the emulation analysis and calculation, etc. Aiming at the product design feature, the expert system adopts the object-oriented knowledge representation and all kinds of inference control engines to describe and reason the relevant knowledge regarding the product through the microcomputer. It embodies the foundation of emulation analysis and simulated manufacturing of the shell. It makes use of the method that knowledge expression is combined with condition of inference to carry out the overall design and emulation and reference.The paper gives the ways through which the functions can be achieved, gives the modularization of reference and the design methods of systematization, puts forward the method of knowledge expression and working interface, and supplies a platform for similar products of the shell category that can be quickly designed.     

Parameter Identification for the Valve Control Cylinder System of a Hydraulic Manipulator

In mechanical, hydraulic and electronic systems, the determination of system parameters is often challenging because liquid parameters often change significantly, due to variations in working and environmental conditions. Therefore, it is of significant practical importance to identify those parameters through experimental procedures. A systematic approach to identifying parameters in the valve controlling cylinder system of hydraulic manipulators is provided. It first derives the transfer function of the system, and then uses P control of PID control to predict system parameters. The predicted parameters are further validated using PID control. The prediction through simulation using MatLab language is utilized, which agrees well with experimental results.     

Three-dimensional Numerical Simulation of Combustion Field in the Combustion Chamber

In order to study the effect of rotation on the combustion in the underwater vehicle, a two-phase turbulent combustion process is described with Reynolds stress turbulence model, eddy-dissipation turbulent combustion model, P-1 radiation model and particle tracking model of liquid. The flow in the rotating combustion chamber is simulated at two different working speeds, 0 r/min and 1 000 r/min by Fluent software. The temperature, gas velocity, static pressure of wall and fuel concentration are computed and compared. The results show that the combustion in rotating combustor is faster and more effective.     

Software Communication Architecture Implementation and Its Waveform Application

This paper attempts to do a research on the development of software defined radio（SDR） based on software communication architecture（SCA）. Firstly, SCA is studied and a whole reference model of SCA3.0 core framework （CF） is realized; Secondly, an application-specific FM3TR waveform is implemented on the platform of common software based on the reference model; Thirdly, from the point of view of real-time performance and software reuse, tests and validations are made on the above realized CF reference model and FM3TR waveform. As a result, the SCA-compliant SDR has favorable interoperability and software portability and can satisfy the real-time performance requirements which are not too rigorous.     

Dynamic Simulation of the Tank Gun Recoil Response

By using the ATV module of MSC. ADAMS, the dynamic simulation of recoil response of tank gun is analyzed.How the recoil force affects the bodywork and the suspension during gun firing, as well as the changing status of the gun muzzle‘s velocity are gained. All results and analyzing methods are offered for the designing basis of optimizing tank vehicle-gun match. The constructive exploration is beneficial to improving the general capability of tank.     

Survey of Controllable Suspension System for Off-road Vehicles

The controllable suspension system can improve the performances of off-road vehicles both on road and cross-country. So far, four controllable suspensions, that is, body height control, active, semi-active and slow-active suspensions, have been developed. For off-road vehicles, the slow-active suspension and the semi-active suspension which have controllable stiffness, damping and body height are more appropriate to use. For many years, some control methodologies for controllable suspension systems have been developed along with the development of modern control theory, and two or more original control methods are integrated as a new control method. Today, for military or civilian off-road vehicles, the R&D of controllable suspension systems is ongoing.     

Passive Acoustic Radar for Detecting Supersonic Cruise Missile

A Passive Acoustic Radar is presented as a necessary complement to electromagnetic wave radar, which will be expected to be an effective means for detecting cruise missiles. Acoustic characteristics of supersonic flying projectiles with diverse shapes are expounded via experiment. It is pointed out that simulation experiment could be implemented using bullet or shell instead of cruise missile. Based on theoretical analysis and experiment, the ““acoustic fingerprint““ character of cruise missile is illustrated to identify it in a strong noise environment. After establishing a locating mathematical model, the technique of acoustic embattling is utilized to resolve a problem of confirming the time of early-warning, considering the fact that velocity of sound is much slower than that of light. Thereby, a whole system of passive acoustic radar for detecting supersonic cruise missile is formed.     

Design and Analysis of Test Schemes of Static Postponing Time on Shrapnels Used to Riot Control

The test scheme of static postponing time given in our actual national military test standard on shrapnels used to control riot is a nine-point test scheme on the combined action of three kinds of temperatures and three kinds of pressures,the consumed ammunitions are more excessive. Statistic analysis and tentative checkout about a lot of test data are done,feasibility gists are put forward for optimizing of the test design scheme. The optimizing design and data analysis of test scheme of the item are done by managing uniformity design theory, two scientific and reasonable six-point test schemes are confirmed. The feasibility and reliability of the optimizing design schemes put forward above are proved ulteriorly by test validating. The gained schemes not only have good design uniformity and little ammunition wastage and meet the test demand, but also have better forecast ability for the result data of other points using the mathematic models from the actual test points.     

Super-resolution Restoration of Remote-sensing Images

A novel image restoration scheme, which is super-resolution image restoration algorithm Poisson-maximum-afterword-probability based on Markvo constraint （MPMAP） combined with evaluating image detail parameter D, has been proposed. The advantage of super-resolution algorithm MPMAP incorporated with parameter D lies in the fact that superresolution algorithm MPMAP model is discrete, which is in accordance with remote-sensing imaging model, and the algorithm MPMAP is proved applicable to linear and non-linear imaging models with a unique solution when noise is not severe. According to simulation experiments for practical images, super-resolution algorithm MPMAP can retain image details better than most of traditional restoration methods; at the same time, the proposed parameter D can help to identify real point spread function （PSF） value of degradation process. Processing result of practical remote-sensing images by MPMAP combined with parameter D are given, it illustrates that MPMAP restoration scheme combined PSF estimation has a better restoration result than that of Photoshop processing, based on the same original images. It is proved that the proposed scheme is helpful to offset the lack of resolution of the original remote-sensing images and has its extensive application foreground.