CoFe2O4/g-C3N4对HMX和TKX-50的催化分解特性

为了防止铁酸钴（CoFe₂O₄）纳米颗粒团聚,提高其对奥克托今（HMX）和哈托（TKX-50）的催化分解性能,采用类石墨氮化碳（g-C₃N₄）作为CoFe₂O₄纳米颗粒的分散剂载体,通过溶剂热法原位生长制备了CoFe₂O₄/g-C₃N₄二元纳米复合材料,并利用X射线粉末衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、傅立叶变换红外光谱仪以及差示扫描量热仪等研究了其组成、结构形貌及催化分解性能。结果表明,CoFe₂O₄/g-C₃N₄复合材料形貌均匀密实,使HMX和TKX-50的热分解峰温分别降低了7.0 ℃和41.3 ℃,表观活化能分别降低了341.1 kJ·mol^-1和21.0 kJ·mol^-1,同时增大了其放热量。残渣分析结果发现HMX几乎完全被催化分解,而TKX-50催化分解不彻底,其残渣和CoFe₂O₄/g-C₃N₄形成了微米级块状混合物。     

DAP-4/TKX-50混合物的热分解机理

为详细探究高氯酸铵基分子钙钛矿型含能材料（H₂dabco）（NH₄）（ClO₄）₃（DAP-4），/5，5"-联四唑-1，1"-二氧二羟铵（TKX-50）混合物的热分解特性（其中H₂dabco²⁺为1，4-二氮杂双环［2.2.2］辛烷-1，4-二鎓离子），采用差示扫描量热法-热重/质谱/傅里叶红外光谱联用技术对比分析了DAP-4、DAP-4/TKX-50混合物的热分解特性和气体产物，利用固体原位红外技术对DAP-4、DAP-4/TKX-50混合物凝聚相特征基团随温度的变化进行了研究，最后推测出了DAP-4/TKX-50混合物热分解机理。结果表明，DAP-4与TKX-50混合后，DAP-4对TKX-50的热分解影响较小，TKX-50热分解产生的热量使DAP-4可逆相变吸热峰消失，但几乎不影响其高温下的热分解；DAP-4/TKX-50混合物热质量损失分为2个阶段，第一阶段质量损失为43.4%，第二阶段质量损失为52.4%，分解残渣剩余4.2%；DAP-4热分解产生的气体产物主要有NH₃、H₂O、HNCO、HCN、CO、HCl和CO₂，DAP-4/TKX-50混合物热分解产生的气体产物主要有H₂O、NO、N₂O、HCl、NH₃、N₂、HNCO、HCN、CO和CO₂。DAP-4/TKX-50混合物的热分解机理为：TKX-50分子内发生氢离子可逆转移，生成羟胺和1，1′-二羟基-5，5′联四唑（BTO）；羟胺在高温下再继续分解为小分子气体，BTO分解产生的碎片部分聚合成偶联产物；最后，DAP-4离子键断裂，笼状骨架瞬间坍塌，强还原性和强氧化性气体组分在高温下发生剧烈氧化还原反应，并释放大量热。     

解耦合法研究1,1′-二羟基-5,5′-联四唑二羟胺盐（TKX-50）热分解（英）

为了研究1,1′-二羟基-5,5"-联四唑二羟胺盐（TKX-50）的热分解，分别采用热重和差示扫描量热法进行热分解试验研究，并采用MATLAB软件对重合部分进行解耦合，用Málek方法对TKX-50热分解过程进行动力学研究。结果表明，TKX-50的热分解过程分为两个阶段，用MATLAB 软件获得两个阶段完整的热分解曲线，并分别获得不同升温速率下各个阶段的T_onset、T_p、ΔH等基础参数。TKX-50的热分解遵循自催化反应模型，并分别获得动力学参数包括活化能、指前因子和动力学模型等，第一阶段：E_a=174.99 kJ?mol^-1，lnA=40.75，f(α)=α^0.917(1-α)^0.509；第二阶段：E_a=149.60 kJ?mol^-1，lnA=31.84，f(α)=α^0.357(1-α)^0.117。     

二硫化钼掺杂改性FOX-7含能复合材料的热分解特性研究

为了提高1,1-二氨基-2,2-二硝基乙烯（FOX-7）的热分解特性,在较低分解活化能下实现能量的快速释放,采用溶剂-反溶剂的方法制备了掺杂改性的FOX-7/MoS₂含能复合材料。采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能谱仪（EDS）、X射线粉末衍射（XRD）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、热重-差示扫描量热仪（TG-DSC）等分析测试手段对复合材料的形貌结构、物相组成、热分解特性、分解活化能进行了表征和测试。结果表明,掺杂改性的FOX-7/MoS₂含能复合材料既可以提高低温阶段的分解温度,又可以催化高温下的分解放热。其中,与原料相比,FOX-7/MoS₂-5%的低温阶段的分解温度和分解活化能分别提高了6.8 ℃和78.6 kJ·mol^-1;高温阶段的分解温度和分解活化能分别降低了23.4 ℃和340.4 kJ·mol^-1。热重-质谱结果表明,高温阶段FOX-7/MoS₂-5%产物中CO₂的比例从7.3%增加到16.8%,表明MoS₂的掺杂改性又促进了高温阶段的分解,使分解更加完全和充分。     

金属有机配合物Mg（Salen）和Pb（Salen）对 HMX的催化分解作用和机理

开发新型燃烧催化剂对提高推进剂燃烧性能至关重要。成功合成了2种席夫碱金属有机配合物Mg（Salen）和Pb（Salen）,并采用X射线粉末衍射、红外光谱以及扫描电镜对其形貌与结构进行了表征。通过探索其热分解行为以及分解反应动力学函数模型考察了其对HMX热分解行为的影响与分解机理。结果表明,Mg（Salen）和Pb（Salen）的加入显著促进了HMX的热分解行为,但未改变其分解机理。相比于HMX,HMX/Mg（Salen）和HMX/Pb（Salen） 的分解峰温分别降低了3.0 ℃和34.0 ℃,表观活化能分别降低了7.7 kJ·mol^-1和34.4 kJ·mol^-1。通过建立分解反应动力学函数模型,初步揭示了Mg（Salen）和Pb（Salen）对HMX的催化分解机理。     

高强度CL-20/HTPE基微尺度传爆药的打印成型及性能表征

为了研制出力学性能优异的微机电系统（MEMS）火工品用微尺度传爆药,以六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷（CL-20）为主体炸药,以端羟基聚醚（HTPE）/硝化纤维素（NC）为复合黏结体系,以乙酸乙酯为共溶剂,加入一定量的甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）设计出一种全溶式炸药油墨,利用喷墨打印技术实现了高精度装药成型,利用异氰酸根与羟基的交联反应实现了微装药力学性能增强。采用电子密度仪、扫描电子显微镜、差示扫描量热仪、X射线衍射仪、纳米压痕仪分别对打印样品的密度、微观形貌、热安定性、炸药晶型和力学性能进行了表征。结果表明,打印样品实测密度为1.70 g·cm^-3,可达最大理论密度的88.54%,打印样品中CL-20由ε晶型转变为β晶型,其热分解表观活化能为173.00 kJ·mol^-1,比原料CL-20提升了13.17 kJ·mol^-1。打印样品弹性模量可高达10.47 GPa,硬度为0.22 GPa,展现了良好的力学性能。喷墨打印装药具有良好的传爆能力,临界爆轰尺寸和爆速分别为1 mm×0.18 mm和8054 m·s^-1。     

丙基硝基胍（PrNQ）热化学特性及分解机理（英）

采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)和热重分析(TGA)法研究了丙基硝基胍 （PrNQ）的热分解行为和非等温分解反应动力学,利用原位红外技术研究了PrNQ分子的分解机理,利用DSC实验研究了PrNQ与黑索今 （RDX）,奥克托今（HMX）,六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷（CL-20）,5,5′-联四唑-1,1′-二氧二羟铵 （TKX-50）的相容性。结果表明,PrNQ的熔点约为99 ℃,可应用于熔铸炸药体系。PrNQ的热稳定性良好,PrNQ的熔融和分解温度相差约137 ℃,可保证熔铸工艺的安全性。根据DSC实验,PrNQ与HMX及TKX-50的ΔT_p分别为-0.3 K和1.36 K,表明其与HMX及TKX-50相容性良好。     

亚甲基二硝基胍(BNGM)的热行为（英）

为进一步评估亚甲基二硝基胍（BNGM）的热稳定性,采用差示扫描量热法（DSC）,微量热仪,热重‐微分热重分析（TG/ DTG）和撞击实验,研究了BNGM的热分解行为、比热容、绝热至爆时间,并测试了其撞击感度。结果表明：BNGM的热行为分为两个放热分解过程,10 ℃·min^-1下两个分解过程的峰温分别为208.1 ℃和292.5 ℃,其自加速分解温度和热爆炸临界温度分别为189.6 ℃和190.9 ℃,298.15 K时摩尔热容为251.9 J·mol^-1·K^-1,估算绝热至爆时间约为280 s,撞击感度大于23.5 J,表明BNGM热稳定性良好。     

零氧平衡RDX/NC/AP/Al复合炸药的制备及其性能表征

以零氧平衡为配比依据,硝化棉（NC）为粘结剂、高氯酸铵（AP）为氧化剂、环三亚甲基三硝胺（RDX）和纳米铝粉（Al）为燃烧剂,分别采用机械混合法和静电喷雾法制备RDX/NC/AP/Al复合炸药。采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）和热重-差示扫描量热仪（TG-DSC）对样品的形貌、结构和热性能进行表征;并利用高速摄影仪、撞击感度仪和摩擦感度仪和对样品的燃烧过程和机械感度进行了分析。结果表明：机械混合法制得的RDX/NC/AP/Al复合炸药颗粒为球形;采用静电喷雾法制得的RDX/NC/AP/Al复合炸药颗粒为团聚微球;机械混合法和静电喷雾法制得的RDX/NC/AP/Al复合炸药中的组分NC、RDX、AP、Al之间为物理复合;采用机械混合法和静电喷雾法制得的RDX/NC/AP/Al复合炸药的失重过程分为两个阶段（200~210 ℃和250~350 ℃）,第一阶段是部分RDX和AP的分解,第二阶段是剩余RDX和NC的分解;与机械混合法制得的RDX/NC/AP/Al复合炸药相比,静电喷雾法制得的RDX/NC/AP/Al复合炸药的表观活化能提高了41.25 kJ·mol^-1,热爆炸临界温度提高了4.09 K,燃烧速度提高,机械感度得到了降低。     

7-羟基三呋咱并［3，4-b：3′，4′-f：3″，4″-d］氮杂环庚三烯的合成与性能

以3,4-双（4′-硝基呋咱-3′-基）呋咱为原料,与羟胺溶液一步法合成了一种新型七元环化合物7-羟基三呋咱并［3,4-b： 3′,4′-f：3″,4″-d］氮杂环庚三烯（HYTF）,并利用红外光谱、核磁共振、元素分析对产物进行了表征。通过规范不变原子轨道方法完成了HYTF的¹³C NMR和¹⁵N NMR理论模拟,结合实验数据实现了HYTF的¹³C NMR和¹⁵N NMR的准确归属。发现3,4-双（4′-硝基呋咱-3′-基）呋咱与羟胺在不同反应温度条件下可分别生成HYTF和7H-三呋咱并［3,4-b：3′,4′-f：3″,4″-d］氮杂环庚三烯（HATF）,提出了HYTF与羟胺作用生成HATF的反应机理。基于实测密度（ρ=1.86 g·cm^-3）和预估生成焓（Δ_fH（s）=573.8 kJ·mol^-1）,利用Explo5（V6.04）软件预估HYTF的爆速和爆压分别为8181 m·s^-1和28.0 GPa。采用差示扫描量热仪（DSC）研究了HYTF的热分解过程,其热分解峰温为161.8 ℃。     

Method for Measuring Velocity of Warhead Fragments Based on Photoelectric Detection

For measuring velocity and impacting position of single fragment of warhead, a non-contact measuring method is proposed, in which a six-light-screen array, a position indicator, a multi-channel chronograph and a computer are used.The principle of measurement is described. The key device of the system is a light screen array sensor which consists of six light screens allocated with certain geometrical parameters. When the fragment flies through the light screen array, the time of passing through each of the screens is recorded by the multi-channel chronograph. According to the time data and the geometrical parameters of the array, the velocity vector and the location of the fragment can be calculated immediately. The presented method can be used to locate the fragment and to measure the real velocity on its flying direction. It can also be used to measure the velocity of a fragment swarm after the system is engineered further.     

数码电子雷管中影响点火头性能因素分析

阐述了数码电子雷管中,点火药剂细结晶三硝基间苯二酚铅（LTNR）的制备工艺;从点火药剂的种类、加入黏合剂的质量分数、桥丝直径、点火头的电阻值、防潮漆的蘸涂等方面对点火头性能的影响因素进行了探讨;通过震动试验、并联起爆试验、延期精度检测与考核,试验结果表明：一次性合成的细结晶LTNR是制造数码电子雷管点火头较为理想的点火药剂,按技术要求生产的点火头性能指标能够满足行业标准要求。     

Stability of the Third Generation Intensifier under Illumination

The stability under illumination of transmission-mode GaAs photocathode sealed in the third generation intensifier is investigated by use of spectral response testing instruments. The variations of spectral response with the illumination times under weak and intense illumination are compared. The variations of photoemission performance parameters are also characterized. The results show that during initial several weak illuminations photocathode behaves no evident decay and a maximum sensitivity is achieved, while under intense illumination the sensitivity of photocathode begin to decrease largely at the first illumination. The calculated performance parameters show that the variation of surface escape probability with illumination times is a direct cause of instability of photocathode. It is also found that under intense illumination peak wavelength is moved towards short-wave and peak response is decreased, which shows that the ability of long-wave response of photocathode is decreased.     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Design and Implementation of One Missile Visual Simulation System Based on OpenGL

The implementation of a missile＇s visual simulation system is explained that is developed with OpenGL（open graphic library） and the flight path and flight carriage in different stages of the missile are displayed. The establishment problems of the 3D scene are circumstantiated including the construction and redeployment of the model, creation of the virtual scene, setting of the multi-viewports and multi-windows etc. The missile＇s data driver, system flow, the modules and their mutual relations of the missile visual simulation system are discussed. The missile flight simulation results and effect of the scenes are given.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Dynamic Encryption Technology in Ad-hoc Networks

A new dynamic encryption application in ad-hoc networks is proposed. The advantages of this method are its being able to use the previous ciphertext as a seed of a new encryption process, rendering the encryption process effective in all communication process by continuous dynamic key generation together with synchronization, and its capability to cut back on system bandages to a greater extent, which is valuable for the ad-hoc circumstance. In addition, the rationality and effectiveness of this novel encryption method have been verified by the test results.     

An Experimental Study on Electro Chemical Machining of Microelectrode

Puts forward a new method in machining microelectrode by electro chemical machining （ECM） and plastic deformed theory. The procedure of this method is to machine the microelectrode according to the basic rule of ECM theory at first. Then, with the change of ECM machining parameters, one of the microelectrode ends is exerted by a load. As a result, the elastic and plastic deformation is produced at the machining section and the microelectrode diameter is reduced. It has been proved that the proposed method can determine the optimum machining parameters to machine the microelectrode of Cu.     

Unscented Kalman Filter for Autonomous Warship Attitude Determination

To address a problem of autonomous attitude determination algorithm using gravitational field and geomagnetic field observation, a new recursive optimization autonomous attitude estimation algorithm is proposed. The algorithm is based on unscented Kalman fiher(UKF), and can synchronously provide the attitude rate information. The simulated results show that the measurement precision of the method could be increased by 2 times compared to that of the common methods.     

Error Coefficient Estimation of Inertial Platformin Its Calibration

The error coefficient estimation of inertial platform in the course of its consecutive ground calibration is studiedA separate-bias algorithm is adopted to estimate the error parameters effectively. The ill-conditioning problem of the equation solution caused by the huge state dimension is also resolved. And the simulation result shows its validity.