炔丙基二甲基海因改性GAP的合成及应用

3-炔丙基-5，5-二甲基海因（PDMH）与聚叠氮缩水甘油醚（GAP）在二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）溶剂中进行反应，反应摩尔比为：PDMH／GAP=6／7，反应在60℃的条件下进行48h反应完全。PDMH上的炔基与GAP上的叠氮基团发生反应，反应产物为GAP—PDMH。对GAP-PDMH进行了傅立叶变换红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱分析，测定了GAP—PDMH的玻璃化转变温度。实验结果表明，PDMH通过1，3-偶极环加成反应生成三唑五元环结构进入到叠氮粘合剂的侧链中。把GAP—PDMH应用到GAP推进剂的配方中，进行了力学性能测试。与空白样相比较，GAP-PDMH的加入使得推进剂的常温抗拉强度提高了210％，达到了0．65MPa；最大延伸率提高了226％，达到了22．24％；断裂延伸率提高了207％，达到了25．87％。     

多炔基化合物与GAP的固化反应

为实现聚叠氮缩水甘油醚(GAP)的非异氰酸酯固化,用多炔基化合物(TPTM)作GAP的固化剂,通过傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、力学性能和光学显微试验,研究了TPTM体系和多异氰酸酯(N100)体系的反应活性和胶片性能。用差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了TPTM体系的固化动力学。结果表明:在60℃下,TPTM与GAP可发生1,3-偶极环加成反应形成三唑交联体系,固化反应活性明显好于N100体系。TPTM含量变化对活化能影响较小,对反应机理没有影响。得到的动力学方程能很好地预测实际应用时的固化历程。TPTM质量分数由3%增加到9.7%时,TPTM胶片拉伸强度由0.16 MPa增加到0.82 MPa,断裂伸长率由149%降到17%。TPTM的质量分数为4%时,达到N100固化体系在实际应用时(N100质量分数约10%)的力学性能,且没有气孔。     

GAP—先进固体火箭推进剂含能组份(综述)

综述了聚缩水叠氮甘油醚(GAP)和GAP基的固体推进剂的活化、热、机械和弹道特性。GAP为推进剂系统提供了优良的弹道性能和高能量,其作为含能添加剂的潜力归因于-N_3的键结构断裂释放出约685kJ/mol能量。将GAP引入推进剂配方中,可促使其机械性能的改善。     

GAP/BPS交联体包覆球形ADN颗粒

为了克服二硝酰胺铵(ADN)和异氰酸酯类固化剂不相容的问题,以聚叠氮缩水甘油醚(GAP)/丁二酸二丙炔醇酯(BPS)交联体为包覆材料,通过1,3-偶极加成环化反应对球形ADN颗粒进行了交联固化包覆研究。采用扫描电镜能谱仪(EDS)和动态吸湿性分析法分析了ADN包覆后的表面元素组成和吸湿性,结果表明,与GAP/六亚甲基二异氰酸酯缩二脲固化剂(N-100)交联体相比,GAP/BPS交联体不仅与ADN相容性较好,还可获得较好的包覆效果,包覆后ADN的饱和吸湿率仅为0.78%。     

GAP/NC交联改性双基推进剂能量及烟雾特性计算研究

利用推进剂能量特性计算程序,计算了以聚叠氮缩水甘油醚(GAP)改性单基球形药为粘合剂的GAP/硝化棉(NC)交联改性双基推进剂的能量性能。以燃烧产物中Al_2O_3、HCl的含量评价其烟雾特性。结果表明,随着增塑剂端叠氮基聚叠氮缩水甘油醚(GAPA)含量的增大,理论比冲先增加后降低。随着粘合剂中GAP含量的增加,理论比冲降低,燃烧温度降低;而且增塑比越小,降低的幅度越大。GAPA含量和GAP含量对推进剂的烟雾特性影响不大。采用4,4'-二硝基-3,3'偶氮氧化呋咱(DNAF)取代AP后,在固体含量为60%,推进剂理论比冲在2600 N·s·kg~(-1)时,其燃烧产物与AP配方相比,N_2含量增加了44%,Al_2O_3含量下降了67%,HCl含量降为0,说明GAP/NC推进剂是一种具有高能量、低特征信号的重要推进剂。     

GAP 应用研究进展

为研制高能量、高性能的混合炸药,引入聚叠氮缩水甘油醚(GAP)作为含能粘结剂。在分析GAP物理、化学性能的基础上,总结前人在 GAP 固化体系力学性能研究和 GAP 在推进剂和混合炸药中的应用等方面的工作。结果表明：引入适当的高聚物与GAP发生共聚,可改善GAP粘接体系的力学性能;将GAP引入混合炸药中,可有效提高混合炸药的能量和改善混合炸药的力学性能。     

GAP及GAP推进剂研究新进展

综述了聚叠氮缩水甘油醚(GAP)的性能及应用等方面的最新进展。近年来研究的GAP粘合剂主要包括线型GAP、支化GAP和GAP四醇。对GAP粘合剂在高能推进剂、低特征信号推进剂、燃气发生剂及低易损弹药等方面的应用进行了分析。     

GAP/HTPB共混粘合剂体系的力学性能研究

利用端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)粘合剂和端羟基叠氮聚醚(GAP)共混,以改善纯GAP粘合剂的力学性能;探讨各种固化反应条件对共混粘合剂力学性能的影响;静态拉伸测试结果显示共混胶片的确产生了协同效应,GAP与HTPB质量比11时,常温下粘合剂拉伸强度可达到3.833MPa,最大延伸率可达593%。动态热机械测试(DMA)结果显示,通过调整固化工艺条件,能够使得GAP与HTPB本不相容的两相产生反应增容,损耗因子-温度(Tanδ-T)曲线在-60.2℃附近出现单一的玻璃化温度;SEM照片更从微观形态上印证了以上两点。结果显示,HTPB与GAP共混粘合剂体系具有良好的力学性能,对GAP在复合固体推进剂中的应用具有一定的参考价值。     

利用探针-质谱仪研究GAP的分解化学和燃烧化学

在较宽的压力范围和罗高的加热速率下，研究了分了量分别为350、2000的未交联GAP和分子量为2000的固化GAP的燃烧特性（如燃速、温度分布）、燃烧产物组成、热分解动力学和热分解产物组成，并用所获得的数据发展了GAP及以GAP为基的推进剂的燃烧模型。     

GAP推进剂粘接体系组分迁移动力学研究

为研究组分在缩水甘油叠氮聚醚(GAP)推进剂/端羟基聚丁二烯(HT PB)衬层/三元乙丙(EPDM)绝热层粘接体系中的迁移,采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)测定了经过50,60℃和70℃加速老化后体系中的主要迁移组分,计算了迁移组分的表观扩散活化能和扩散系数。结果表明,老化过程中硝酸酯增塑剂硝化甘油(NG)、1,2,4-丁三醇三硝酸酯(BTTN)发生迁移,两者的表观扩散活化能均在43~121 kJ·mol~(-1),扩散系数在10~(-1)9~10~(-1)6m~2·s~(-1)内。体系中胺类安定剂1(AD1)、胺类安定剂2(AD2)的迁移发生在固化过程,老化过程中主要以消耗为主;GAP推进剂的力学性能与推进剂中AD1的含量有关,AD1含量低于40%时,试件力学性能急剧下降。     

Stability of the Third Generation Intensifier under Illumination

The stability under illumination of transmission-mode GaAs photocathode sealed in the third generation intensifier is investigated by use of spectral response testing instruments. The variations of spectral response with the illumination times under weak and intense illumination are compared. The variations of photoemission performance parameters are also characterized. The results show that during initial several weak illuminations photocathode behaves no evident decay and a maximum sensitivity is achieved, while under intense illumination the sensitivity of photocathode begin to decrease largely at the first illumination. The calculated performance parameters show that the variation of surface escape probability with illumination times is a direct cause of instability of photocathode. It is also found that under intense illumination peak wavelength is moved towards short-wave and peak response is decreased, which shows that the ability of long-wave response of photocathode is decreased.     

Passive Acoustic Radar for Detecting Supersonic Cruise Missile

A Passive Acoustic Radar is presented as a necessary complement to electromagnetic wave radar, which will be expected to be an effective means for detecting cruise missiles. Acoustic characteristics of supersonic flying projectiles with diverse shapes are expounded via experiment. It is pointed out that simulation experiment could be implemented using bullet or shell instead of cruise missile. Based on theoretical analysis and experiment, the ““acoustic fingerprint““ character of cruise missile is illustrated to identify it in a strong noise environment. After establishing a locating mathematical model, the technique of acoustic embattling is utilized to resolve a problem of confirming the time of early-warning, considering the fact that velocity of sound is much slower than that of light. Thereby, a whole system of passive acoustic radar for detecting supersonic cruise missile is formed.     

Super-resolution Restoration of Remote-sensing Images

A novel image restoration scheme, which is super-resolution image restoration algorithm Poisson-maximum-afterword-probability based on Markvo constraint （MPMAP） combined with evaluating image detail parameter D, has been proposed. The advantage of super-resolution algorithm MPMAP incorporated with parameter D lies in the fact that superresolution algorithm MPMAP model is discrete, which is in accordance with remote-sensing imaging model, and the algorithm MPMAP is proved applicable to linear and non-linear imaging models with a unique solution when noise is not severe. According to simulation experiments for practical images, super-resolution algorithm MPMAP can retain image details better than most of traditional restoration methods; at the same time, the proposed parameter D can help to identify real point spread function （PSF） value of degradation process. Processing result of practical remote-sensing images by MPMAP combined with parameter D are given, it illustrates that MPMAP restoration scheme combined PSF estimation has a better restoration result than that of Photoshop processing, based on the same original images. It is proved that the proposed scheme is helpful to offset the lack of resolution of the original remote-sensing images and has its extensive application foreground.     

Design and Simulation of TF and TA Controller for Missile

A nonlinear terrain following(TF) and terrain avoidance(TA) controller is proposed for missile control systems. Based on classical TF algorithm (adaptive angle method), a new method for TF controller is proposed by using angle of attack. A method of obtaining terrain outline data from digital elevation map (DEM) for TF control is discussed in order to save store space. A TA algorithm is proposed by using bank-to-turn technique. The block control model, which is suitable for backstepping design, is given for nonlinear model of missile. Making full use of the characteristics of the system and combining block control principle and backstepping technique, a robust controller design method is proposed. Uncertainties in every sub-block are allowed, and can be canceled by using the idea of nonlinear damping. It is proved that the state tracking errors are converged to a neighborhood of the origin exponentially. Finally, nonlinear six-degree-of-freedom simulation results for the missile model are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control law.     

Design and Analysis of Test Schemes of Static Postponing Time on Shrapnels Used to Riot Control

The test scheme of static postponing time given in our actual national military test standard on shrapnels used to control riot is a nine-point test scheme on the combined action of three kinds of temperatures and three kinds of pressures,the consumed ammunitions are more excessive. Statistic analysis and tentative checkout about a lot of test data are done,feasibility gists are put forward for optimizing of the test design scheme. The optimizing design and data analysis of test scheme of the item are done by managing uniformity design theory, two scientific and reasonable six-point test schemes are confirmed. The feasibility and reliability of the optimizing design schemes put forward above are proved ulteriorly by test validating. The gained schemes not only have good design uniformity and little ammunition wastage and meet the test demand, but also have better forecast ability for the result data of other points using the mathematic models from the actual test points.     

Design of Non-fragile Satisfactory Estimator for Linear Continuous Perturbed Stochastic Systems

The design problem of non-fragile estimator is addressed for a class of perturbed linear continuous systems. The perturbations occur on the plant and estimator parameters. The estimator designed should force the error system to achieve the desired decay rate and force the steady error variance less than the specified upper bound irrdevancy of the admissible plant perturbations and estimator perturbations. Consistency problem of the decay rate with the variance upper bound is first considered via linear matrix inequality （LMI） approach. The solution of the estimator parameter under specifications to be consistent is then discussed. The consistency condition of specifications and estimator parameter solution are transformed to feasible or minimum problems subject to a set of LMI respectively. The method is illustrated by a numerical example.     

An Improved Scene-based Nonuniformity Correction Algorithm for Infrared Focal Plane Arrays Using Neural Networks

The improved scene-based adaptive nonuniformity correction （NUC） algorithms using a neural network （NNT） approach for infrared image sequences are presented and analyzed. The retlna-like neural networks using steepest descent model was the first proposed infrared focal plane arrays （IRFPA） nonuniformity compensation method, which can perform parameter estimation of the sensors over time on a frame by frame basis. To increase the strength and the robustness of the NNT algorithm and to avoid the presence of ghosting artifacts, some optimization techniques, including momentum term, regularization factor and adaptive learning rate, were executed in the parameter learning process. In this paper, the local median filtering result of Xij （ n ） is proposed as an alternative value of desired network output of neuron Xij （ n ）, denoted as Tij （ n ）, which is the local spatial average of Xij （ n ） in traditional NNT methods. Noticeably, the NUC algorithm is inter-frame adaptive in nature and does not rely on any statistical assumptions on the scene data in the image sequence. Applications of this algorithm to the simulated video sequences and real infrared data taken with PV320 show that the correction results of image sequence are better than that of using original NNT approach, especially for the short-time image sequences （several hundred frames） subjected to the dense impulse noises with a number of dead or saturated pixels.     

Piecewise Filter of Infrared Image Based on Moment Theory

The disadvantages of IR images mostly include high noise, blurry edge and so on. The characteristics make the existent smoothing methods ineffective in preserving edge, To solve this problem, a piecewise moment filter （PMF） is put forward. By using moment and piecewise linear theory, the filter can preserve edge. Based on the statistical model of random noise, a related-coefficient method is presented to estimate the variance of noise. The edge region and model are then detected by the estimated variance. The expectation of first-order derivatives is used in getting the reliable offset of edge. At last, a fast moment filter of double-stair edge model is used to gain the piecewise smoothing results and reduce the calculation. The experimental result shows that the new method has a better capability than other methods in suppressing noise and preserving edge.     

Bistatic Sonar Localization Based on Best Linear Unbiased Estimation

A best linear unbiased estimation （BLUE） algorithm for bistatic sonar localization is proposed. The Cramer-Rao bound for bistatic Sonar and the geometrical dilution of precision （GDOP） in different conditions are given. The simulation results show that the location accuracy of BLUE algorithm is higher than the weighted least square method.     

Research on Gear-broken Fault Diagnosis in a Tank Gearbox

A fault diagnosis method of working position gear in a tank gearbox is put forward based on simulating the fault of working position gear in an actual tank, extracting the envelope of vibration signal by Hilbert transformation amplitude demodulation method, and zooming the low-frequency band to envelope signal.