Ni-Cr薄膜换能元刻蚀工艺研究

为得到刻蚀效果好的Ni-Cr薄膜换能元,研究了刻蚀液的配比对刻蚀时间及金属桥膜换能元参数的影响。结果表明:在硫酸高铈的量一定的情况下,当V_(高氯酸):V_水为17:100时,刻蚀效果较为理想,制作的Ni-Cr薄膜换能元桥区尺寸与设计尺寸的偏差控制在了0.9%以内,并在10V、47μF条件下能够发火。     

Ni-Cr薄膜换能元点火性能研究

针对微火工品和微推进器集成化的发展需求,以及制作工艺与MEMS、半导体工艺相兼容并能实现低能发火的要求,对Ni-Cr薄膜换能元进行了研究,设计制作了几种不同桥区尺寸和薄膜厚度的Ni-Cr薄膜换能元,并对其电发火性能进行了测试.结果表明:在同一桥区尺寸的条件下,Ni-Cr薄膜发火感度随桥膜厚度的增加而升高;在相同的桥膜厚...     

陶瓷基体表面粗糙度对Ni-Cr薄膜换能元性能的影响

研究了Al2O3(95%)陶瓷基底的粗糙度对Ni-Cr(80/20)合金薄膜及薄膜换能元性能的影响.利用磁控溅射法在不同粗糙度的基底上制备了Ni-Cr合金薄膜.通过扫描电镜、划痕法、4探针法对薄膜的微观结构、附着性能、电性能进行了研究.根据D-最优化法测定了基底粗糙度不同的薄膜换能元爆发电压、爆发电流.结果表明:随着基...     

桥区参数对Ni-Cr薄膜换能元发火性能的影响

依据GJB/z 377A-94感度试验川兰利法,对设计制作的不同桥区参数的Ni-Cr薄膜换能元进行了发火感度测试.结果显示:当桥区尺寸、形状一定时,随着桥膜厚度的增加,换能元的发火电压减小,当桥膜的厚度增加到0.9μm,换能元发火电压又有增加的趋势;当桥膜厚度、桥区形状一定时,随着桥区宽度减小,发火电压降低,但当桥区宽度小于0.10mm时,发火电压反而上升;当桥膜厚度、桥区宽度一定时,桥区长度越长,发火电压越高,而且不同桥区形状对换能元发火感度有明显的影响.     

钝感Ni-Cr金属桥膜换能元的制备及性能

采用磁控溅射技术设计加工了一种满足钝感电火工品的Ni-Cr金属薄膜桥换能元,在起爆桥区中心涂抹三硝基间苯二酚铅,对其进行了安全电流、抗静电性能、断桥时间、作用时间的测试,并与半导体桥换能元、桥带式换能元进行了性能对比。结果表明,电阻为(1±0.1)Ω时,在相同散热条件下,该Ni-Cr金属薄膜换能元安全性较其他两种换能元裕度大,作用时间、断桥时间介于半导体桥和桥带式换能元之间,采用5 A发火,引爆三硝基间苯二酚铅的作用时间小于1 ms。     

氮化钽换能元的制备工艺研究

开展了一种制备氮化钽换能元的工艺研究,利用射频电源溅射氮化钽薄膜,采用剥离工艺制备氮化钽换能元图形,获得满足完整性、一致性和重复性要求的氮化钽换能元。依据GJB/z377A-94感度试验用兰利法,测得氮化钽换能元发火能量为0.6m J。     

厚度对MEMS换能元薄膜电阻率的影响研究

为完善微机电系统(Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems,MEMS)火工品薄膜换能元设计理论,减小微尺度下换能元参数的设计误差,保证设计电阻及MEMS火工品的作用性能,理论分析了微尺度下薄膜电阻率的影响因素,采用磁控溅射进行了不同材料(Al、W、Cr、Ni-Cr)、不同微纳米厚度(2μm)薄膜的制备,并对不同厚度薄膜的电阻率参数进行表征,揭示了微纳尺度下电阻率的尺度效应规律,获得了相应的拐点数据。     

一种Ni-Cr@Al/CuO钝感含能元件的制备及性能

为了提高Ni-Cr薄膜发火件的安全性和点火能力,使用磁控溅射技术将Al/CuO含能薄膜与Ni-Cr薄膜发火件复合,制备了一种新型的Ni-Cr@Al/CuO钝感含能元件。该Ni-Cr@Al/CuO钝感含能元件既可以用作换能元,又可以作为最简单的电点火元件,从而简化点传火序列,适应弹药微型化的发展需求。测试其1A1W5min安全性、电发火感度和点火能力。结果表明,Ni-Cr@Al/CuO钝感含能元件满足1A1W5min安全性要求;50 ms临界发火电流为3.08 A,最小全发火电流为3.18 A,最大不发火电流为2.98 A,安全裕度较高;在相同条件下,Ni-Cr@Al/CuO钝感含能元件可以点燃硼/硝酸钾,并且可实现1 mm的间隙点火,而Ni-Cr薄膜发火件不能成功点燃硼/硝酸钾。     

Al/CuO含能薄膜换能芯片薄膜反应的模拟分析

为了探究含能薄膜在换能元火工品点火过程中的点燃机制,建立Al/CuO含能薄膜换能芯片结构的傅里叶传热模型,利用COMSOL仿真软件对不同电压或电容条件下含能薄膜换能芯片的点火过程进行数值模拟,对比分析电容或电压对含能薄膜温升曲线的影响。仿真结果表明：提高电压或电容使得含能薄膜温升曲线峰值增高或延长,两者都能扩大薄膜反应区域;电容与电压增大或减小均影响半导体桥对含能薄膜的传热效率,导致含能薄膜的温升曲线相对于半导体桥具有滞后性与相似性。     

多层含能薄膜的制备及性能表征

本文通过设计硼钛多层复合薄膜结构来提高桥箔的点火能力.利用磁控溅射法交替沉积钛和硼制备多层含能薄膜,单层厚度分别为230 nm和250 nm.对含能薄膜进行X射线衍射图谱测试,结果显示其成分为Ti和B单质状态,并采用HS4540MX12高速运动记录系统记录含能薄膜点火过程,结果表明火花溅射距离可达到30 mm左右.可以推断多层含能薄膜用于制作桥膜可提高火工品的点火能力.     

Stability of the Third Generation Intensifier under Illumination

The stability under illumination of transmission-mode GaAs photocathode sealed in the third generation intensifier is investigated by use of spectral response testing instruments. The variations of spectral response with the illumination times under weak and intense illumination are compared. The variations of photoemission performance parameters are also characterized. The results show that during initial several weak illuminations photocathode behaves no evident decay and a maximum sensitivity is achieved, while under intense illumination the sensitivity of photocathode begin to decrease largely at the first illumination. The calculated performance parameters show that the variation of surface escape probability with illumination times is a direct cause of instability of photocathode. It is also found that under intense illumination peak wavelength is moved towards short-wave and peak response is decreased, which shows that the ability of long-wave response of photocathode is decreased.     

Passive Acoustic Radar for Detecting Supersonic Cruise Missile

A Passive Acoustic Radar is presented as a necessary complement to electromagnetic wave radar, which will be expected to be an effective means for detecting cruise missiles. Acoustic characteristics of supersonic flying projectiles with diverse shapes are expounded via experiment. It is pointed out that simulation experiment could be implemented using bullet or shell instead of cruise missile. Based on theoretical analysis and experiment, the ““acoustic fingerprint““ character of cruise missile is illustrated to identify it in a strong noise environment. After establishing a locating mathematical model, the technique of acoustic embattling is utilized to resolve a problem of confirming the time of early-warning, considering the fact that velocity of sound is much slower than that of light. Thereby, a whole system of passive acoustic radar for detecting supersonic cruise missile is formed.     

Super-resolution Restoration of Remote-sensing Images

A novel image restoration scheme, which is super-resolution image restoration algorithm Poisson-maximum-afterword-probability based on Markvo constraint （MPMAP） combined with evaluating image detail parameter D, has been proposed. The advantage of super-resolution algorithm MPMAP incorporated with parameter D lies in the fact that superresolution algorithm MPMAP model is discrete, which is in accordance with remote-sensing imaging model, and the algorithm MPMAP is proved applicable to linear and non-linear imaging models with a unique solution when noise is not severe. According to simulation experiments for practical images, super-resolution algorithm MPMAP can retain image details better than most of traditional restoration methods; at the same time, the proposed parameter D can help to identify real point spread function （PSF） value of degradation process. Processing result of practical remote-sensing images by MPMAP combined with parameter D are given, it illustrates that MPMAP restoration scheme combined PSF estimation has a better restoration result than that of Photoshop processing, based on the same original images. It is proved that the proposed scheme is helpful to offset the lack of resolution of the original remote-sensing images and has its extensive application foreground.     

Design and Simulation of TF and TA Controller for Missile

A nonlinear terrain following(TF) and terrain avoidance(TA) controller is proposed for missile control systems. Based on classical TF algorithm (adaptive angle method), a new method for TF controller is proposed by using angle of attack. A method of obtaining terrain outline data from digital elevation map (DEM) for TF control is discussed in order to save store space. A TA algorithm is proposed by using bank-to-turn technique. The block control model, which is suitable for backstepping design, is given for nonlinear model of missile. Making full use of the characteristics of the system and combining block control principle and backstepping technique, a robust controller design method is proposed. Uncertainties in every sub-block are allowed, and can be canceled by using the idea of nonlinear damping. It is proved that the state tracking errors are converged to a neighborhood of the origin exponentially. Finally, nonlinear six-degree-of-freedom simulation results for the missile model are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control law.     

Design and Analysis of Test Schemes of Static Postponing Time on Shrapnels Used to Riot Control

The test scheme of static postponing time given in our actual national military test standard on shrapnels used to control riot is a nine-point test scheme on the combined action of three kinds of temperatures and three kinds of pressures,the consumed ammunitions are more excessive. Statistic analysis and tentative checkout about a lot of test data are done,feasibility gists are put forward for optimizing of the test design scheme. The optimizing design and data analysis of test scheme of the item are done by managing uniformity design theory, two scientific and reasonable six-point test schemes are confirmed. The feasibility and reliability of the optimizing design schemes put forward above are proved ulteriorly by test validating. The gained schemes not only have good design uniformity and little ammunition wastage and meet the test demand, but also have better forecast ability for the result data of other points using the mathematic models from the actual test points.     

Expert Systems Aimed at General Design of Projectiles

Expert systems aimed at the general design of projectiles can implement a series of intelligent designs, such as the design of HE shell, the scheme expounded and proved, the emulation analysis and calculation, etc. Aiming at the product design feature, the expert system adopts the object-oriented knowledge representation and all kinds of inference control engines to describe and reason the relevant knowledge regarding the product through the microcomputer. It embodies the foundation of emulation analysis and simulated manufacturing of the shell. It makes use of the method that knowledge expression is combined with condition of inference to carry out the overall design and emulation and reference.The paper gives the ways through which the functions can be achieved, gives the modularization of reference and the design methods of systematization, puts forward the method of knowledge expression and working interface, and supplies a platform for similar products of the shell category that can be quickly designed.     

Design of Non-fragile Satisfactory Estimator for Linear Continuous Perturbed Stochastic Systems

The design problem of non-fragile estimator is addressed for a class of perturbed linear continuous systems. The perturbations occur on the plant and estimator parameters. The estimator designed should force the error system to achieve the desired decay rate and force the steady error variance less than the specified upper bound irrdevancy of the admissible plant perturbations and estimator perturbations. Consistency problem of the decay rate with the variance upper bound is first considered via linear matrix inequality （LMI） approach. The solution of the estimator parameter under specifications to be consistent is then discussed. The consistency condition of specifications and estimator parameter solution are transformed to feasible or minimum problems subject to a set of LMI respectively. The method is illustrated by a numerical example.     

An Improved Scene-based Nonuniformity Correction Algorithm for Infrared Focal Plane Arrays Using Neural Networks

The improved scene-based adaptive nonuniformity correction （NUC） algorithms using a neural network （NNT） approach for infrared image sequences are presented and analyzed. The retlna-like neural networks using steepest descent model was the first proposed infrared focal plane arrays （IRFPA） nonuniformity compensation method, which can perform parameter estimation of the sensors over time on a frame by frame basis. To increase the strength and the robustness of the NNT algorithm and to avoid the presence of ghosting artifacts, some optimization techniques, including momentum term, regularization factor and adaptive learning rate, were executed in the parameter learning process. In this paper, the local median filtering result of Xij （ n ） is proposed as an alternative value of desired network output of neuron Xij （ n ）, denoted as Tij （ n ）, which is the local spatial average of Xij （ n ） in traditional NNT methods. Noticeably, the NUC algorithm is inter-frame adaptive in nature and does not rely on any statistical assumptions on the scene data in the image sequence. Applications of this algorithm to the simulated video sequences and real infrared data taken with PV320 show that the correction results of image sequence are better than that of using original NNT approach, especially for the short-time image sequences （several hundred frames） subjected to the dense impulse noises with a number of dead or saturated pixels.     

Piecewise Filter of Infrared Image Based on Moment Theory

The disadvantages of IR images mostly include high noise, blurry edge and so on. The characteristics make the existent smoothing methods ineffective in preserving edge, To solve this problem, a piecewise moment filter （PMF） is put forward. By using moment and piecewise linear theory, the filter can preserve edge. Based on the statistical model of random noise, a related-coefficient method is presented to estimate the variance of noise. The edge region and model are then detected by the estimated variance. The expectation of first-order derivatives is used in getting the reliable offset of edge. At last, a fast moment filter of double-stair edge model is used to gain the piecewise smoothing results and reduce the calculation. The experimental result shows that the new method has a better capability than other methods in suppressing noise and preserving edge.     

Bistatic Sonar Localization Based on Best Linear Unbiased Estimation

A best linear unbiased estimation （BLUE） algorithm for bistatic sonar localization is proposed. The Cramer-Rao bound for bistatic Sonar and the geometrical dilution of precision （GDOP） in different conditions are given. The simulation results show that the location accuracy of BLUE algorithm is higher than the weighted least square method.