CF_3SO_3H/H_2O喷射结晶制备纳米TATB

为获得粒度可控、纯度较高的纳米1,3,5-三氨基-2,4,6-三硝基苯(TATB),采用三氟甲磺酸为溶剂,去离子水为非溶剂,通过喷射结晶法制备了纳米TATB。研究了制备工艺及p H对TATB粒度和纯度的影响规律。用场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)、BET(Brunauer-Emmett-Teller)比表面积测试、X射线衍射(XRD)、高效液相色谱(HPLC)和差示扫描量热(DSC)等对纳米TATB的形貌、比表面积、晶体结构、纯度和热分解特性进行了表征。结果表明,喷射过程中溶剂-非溶剂的体积比可以影响纳米TATB形貌和粒度,随着溶剂/非溶剂比例的减小,样品的粒径变小,颗粒更均匀;在溶剂与非溶剂的体积比为1∶50的条件下,可以获得粒径为60nm、颗粒均匀、比表面积为31.6 m~2·g~(-1)的纳米TATB。p H值对纳米TATB的纯度影响很关键,用水洗至p H=7,样品纯度可以达到98.1%。     

1-氨基-1,2,3-三唑的替代亲核取代反应研究

采用1-氨基-1,2,3-三唑为氨基化试剂,通过三硝基苯(TNB)的替代亲核取代(VNS)反应制备钝感炸药三氨基三硝基苯(TATB),产率90.6%,HPLC纯度大于99%。讨论了关键反应条件对TATB收率的影响。在优化反应条件下,考察了苯环上不同硝基取代度对该VNS反应收率的影响,以TNT、硝基苯、间二硝基苯为底物进行VNS反应,分别合成了二氨基三硝基甲苯(DATNT,产率40.5%)、1,3-二氨基-2,4-二硝基苯(DADNB,产率54.5%)、对硝基苯胺(产率38.4%)。提出了1-氨基-1,2,3-三唑作为氨基化试剂进行VNS氨基化反应的反应机理。     

不同粒度TATB的热分解动力学研究

通过对不同颗粒度三氨基三硝基苯（TATB）在不同升温速率下的DTA表现，初步表征了TATB粒度变化对热分解速率的影响趋势。研究表明，极细颗粒TATB的热分解速率似乎有它与高压冲击起爆感度相似的特征。     

TATB结晶技术研究进展

介绍了TATB结晶技术的研究进展,包括冷却法重结晶和溶剂-非溶剂沉淀技术,所用溶剂主要有二甲亚砜(DMSO)、环丁砜、浓硫酸和强碱性溶剂。重结晶过程中通过控制不同的搅拌速度、降温速率和非溶剂加入速度,重结晶所得产品的形貌和粒径各不相同。同时介绍了TATB在合成过程中的首次结晶情况及重结晶产品的相关性能,讨论了溶剂对其重结晶的影响,并对今后TATB重结晶研究提出了新的思路。     

高压超声破碎法制备微纳米TATB

为探索高压超声破碎法在微纳米三氨基三硝基苯(TATB)制备中的应用,采用纳米机对TATB炸药进行湿法破碎。阐述了高压超声破碎法制备微纳米炸药的工作原理。研究了破碎压力、料液浓度、表面活性剂及破碎次数对微纳米TATB颗粒粒径和比表面积的影响。对比了破碎前后TATB颗粒形貌、热性能的变化。结果表明,破碎压力增大,颗粒粒径变小、比表面积提高。料液浓度增大,颗粒先减小,后又变大。十二烷基苯磺酸钠和辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚OP)均对TATB细颗粒有良好的防聚集效果,但OP的防聚集效果更好。破碎次数增多,颗粒粒径先减小,后又变大。在间隔破碎模式、料液浓度10%、压力100 MPa、表面活性剂OP、破碎10次的破碎条件下,破碎后的TATB颗粒形貌与原料相比没有显著改变,但平均粒度从18μm减小到530 nm、热分解温度从396.6℃降低到392.1℃。     

高度乳化法合成亚微米TATB的实验研究

用高度乳化法直接合成了亚微米TATB，测得其平均粒径0．84μm，纯度99．0％，并对合成的亚微米TATB进行了SEM形貌观测。     

气动雾化法合成TATB

采用气动雾化法合成了TATB炸药，合成的TATB平均粒径为5．575μm，且悬浮颗粒的平均粒径为0．611μm。     

高馏程甲苯的成分鉴定和硝化研究

通过GC／MS联用技术鉴定了国产和进口甲苯及其硝化物中的杂质，由进口高馏程甲苯合成出了质量合格的硝化产品，讨论了甲苯来源不同对生产安全性和产品质量的影响。     

TATB胺化原理与底物的研究新进展

对TATB合成路线从理论上进行了分析，概述了近期国内外TATB合成研究中，采用三取代苯为前驱体。合成、VNS直接胺化合成和利用报废火药合成3类合成方法的研究进展，结合TATB合成过程中硝化、胺化反应机理．探讨前驱体结构、胺化试剂等对制备条件的影响，并对合成方法进行综合评价。     

两种TA TB的热膨胀研究

为了优化三氨基三硝基苯（TATB）为基的混合炸药配方,研究了碳酸铵法所得细颗粒TATB（F-TATB）和氨气法所得粗颗粒TATB（L-TATB）在热循环作用下产生的膨胀。对比测试了F-TATB和L-TATB的物化性能,采用室温→－40℃→75℃→室温的高、低温度热循环试验方法,获得了两种TATB压制药柱（30 mm ×5 mm）经过热循环试验后的膨胀参数,结果表明：热循环作用下两种TATB均产生了不可逆尺寸长大且随着循环次数增加药柱尺寸趋向恒定,首次热循环试验后L-TATB的膨胀率大于F-TATB;试验还发现L-TATB的总膨胀率小于F-TATB,这表明L-TATB较F-TATB更快趋于尺寸稳定。     

Expert Systems Aimed at General Design of Projectiles

Expert systems aimed at the general design of projectiles can implement a series of intelligent designs, such as the design of HE shell, the scheme expounded and proved, the emulation analysis and calculation, etc. Aiming at the product design feature, the expert system adopts the object-oriented knowledge representation and all kinds of inference control engines to describe and reason the relevant knowledge regarding the product through the microcomputer. It embodies the foundation of emulation analysis and simulated manufacturing of the shell. It makes use of the method that knowledge expression is combined with condition of inference to carry out the overall design and emulation and reference.The paper gives the ways through which the functions can be achieved, gives the modularization of reference and the design methods of systematization, puts forward the method of knowledge expression and working interface, and supplies a platform for similar products of the shell category that can be quickly designed.     

Parameter Identification for the Valve Control Cylinder System of a Hydraulic Manipulator

In mechanical, hydraulic and electronic systems, the determination of system parameters is often challenging because liquid parameters often change significantly, due to variations in working and environmental conditions. Therefore, it is of significant practical importance to identify those parameters through experimental procedures. A systematic approach to identifying parameters in the valve controlling cylinder system of hydraulic manipulators is provided. It first derives the transfer function of the system, and then uses P control of PID control to predict system parameters. The predicted parameters are further validated using PID control. The prediction through simulation using MatLab language is utilized, which agrees well with experimental results.     

Three-dimensional Numerical Simulation of Combustion Field in the Combustion Chamber

In order to study the effect of rotation on the combustion in the underwater vehicle, a two-phase turbulent combustion process is described with Reynolds stress turbulence model, eddy-dissipation turbulent combustion model, P-1 radiation model and particle tracking model of liquid. The flow in the rotating combustion chamber is simulated at two different working speeds, 0 r/min and 1 000 r/min by Fluent software. The temperature, gas velocity, static pressure of wall and fuel concentration are computed and compared. The results show that the combustion in rotating combustor is faster and more effective.     

Software Communication Architecture Implementation and Its Waveform Application

This paper attempts to do a research on the development of software defined radio（SDR） based on software communication architecture（SCA）. Firstly, SCA is studied and a whole reference model of SCA3.0 core framework （CF） is realized; Secondly, an application-specific FM3TR waveform is implemented on the platform of common software based on the reference model; Thirdly, from the point of view of real-time performance and software reuse, tests and validations are made on the above realized CF reference model and FM3TR waveform. As a result, the SCA-compliant SDR has favorable interoperability and software portability and can satisfy the real-time performance requirements which are not too rigorous.     

Dynamic Simulation of the Tank Gun Recoil Response

By using the ATV module of MSC. ADAMS, the dynamic simulation of recoil response of tank gun is analyzed.How the recoil force affects the bodywork and the suspension during gun firing, as well as the changing status of the gun muzzle‘s velocity are gained. All results and analyzing methods are offered for the designing basis of optimizing tank vehicle-gun match. The constructive exploration is beneficial to improving the general capability of tank.     

Survey of Controllable Suspension System for Off-road Vehicles

The controllable suspension system can improve the performances of off-road vehicles both on road and cross-country. So far, four controllable suspensions, that is, body height control, active, semi-active and slow-active suspensions, have been developed. For off-road vehicles, the slow-active suspension and the semi-active suspension which have controllable stiffness, damping and body height are more appropriate to use. For many years, some control methodologies for controllable suspension systems have been developed along with the development of modern control theory, and two or more original control methods are integrated as a new control method. Today, for military or civilian off-road vehicles, the R&D of controllable suspension systems is ongoing.     

Finite Element Analysis of Fretting Behavior Between an Engine Cylinder Block and a Main Bearing Cap

The finite element analysis of the fretting behavior between a cylinder block and a main bearing cap is presented. The stresses, relative fretting slip, fretting friction work parameter W and crack initiation location parameter G on the fretting contact surface of the cylinder block are obtained and analyzed. It shows that the fretting fatigue problem of the cylinder block can be quantitatively explained by W or G. The effects of pretightening force, friction factor and material combination of the cylinder block and the main bearing cap are studied. The computational results indicate that the fretting fatigue of the cylinder block can be allayed by increasing the elastic modulus of the cylinder block, but not by changing the other two factors.     

An Efficient Key Agreement Framework to MANET

Protocols for key management are compared and evaluated from the point of view on mobile ad hoe networks （MANET）. The issues of fault-tolerance and efficiency of key distribution protocols for group communications in MANET are addressed. Most key distribution protocols existing today are primarily designed for wlre-line networks. These protocols either fail to work as intended or cannot work at all when they are applied to the demanding environment of MANET. Parameters and performance of different protocols are analyzed, and then a fiat is given out, on which new protocols or existing ones are designed and modified, so that they can be robust, scalable and efficient in MANET.     

A Physical Model of Electromagnetic Force from PEMA Acted on Metal Projectiles

Electromagnetic armor is a new conceptual combat vehicle technology, which improves remarkably the defensive capability and maneuverability of vehicles. The authors present definitely to apply the electromagnetic theory to analyze the electromagnetic armor. Based on electromagnetics, the experienced expression of projectile and the physical model of PEMA （passive electromagnetic armor） are obtained when electric current flows through the system, and a computer sim- ulation is given.     

The Kinematics Analysis of the Hydraulic Mine-clearing Mechanical Manipulator

Through analyzing the kinematics of the hydraulic manipulator operating system, according to the rules for set-ing up the D-H coordinate system, the generalized coordinate of the manipulator system is established. The rotating and moving joints are selected from the mechanism as joint variables. Each generalized transformation matrix of joints is worked out. The kinematics equation at the finger end of the manipulator is calculated. The obverse solution for the manipulator is gained. The geometrical operating parameters and primary technical specification of the manipulator system are simulated through the computer. The simulative result has shown that the manipulator operating system meets the working task requirements. This research provides theoretical basis for optimizing structural parameters of the manipulator operating. So it also is justified the feasibility for mechanical manipulators to be used in the engineering equipment platform of the hydraulic excavator.