3,4-双(四唑-5-基)氧化呋咱的简易合成及晶体结构（英）

以3,4-二氰基氧化呋咱和叠氮化钠为原料,以水做溶剂,在ZnCl₂催化作用下,经环化反应合成了3,4-双(四唑-5-基)氧化呋咱,总收率达91%。采用红外光谱、核磁共振、元素分析、X射线单晶衍射进行了结构表征。结果表明,晶体属于正交晶系,空间群为P2₁2₁2₁,晶体学参数:a=6.1172(14), b=9.657(2), c=14.220(3), V=840.0(3)³, Z=4, D_c=1.76 g·cm^-3,F(000)=448, μ=0.147 mm^-1, S=1.031, R₁=0.008,wR₂=0.2523。3,4-双(四唑-5-基)氧化呋咱分子基本在一个平面,表明分子中存在强烈的共轭效应。同时,分子中氮原子之间存在大量的弱键,能够提高化合物的密度和热稳定性。     

1-(2′,4′,6′-三硝基苯基)-4,5-二硝基咪唑的合成与性能（英）

合成出1-(2′,4′,6′-三硝基苯基)-4,5-二硝基咪唑,研究了其热性能和晶体结构。其熔解温度为228.98 ℃,分解温度为339.73 ℃,热重变化范围为200～440 ℃, 总共失重98%; 其晶体属于斜方晶系,空间群为P2₁₂₁₂₁, 晶胞参数为: a=8.2370 (16), b=12.791(3), c=12.916(3), Z=4 , V=1360.8(5)³ , d=1.802 g·cm-3. 根据晶体密度计算的爆速和爆压分别为8296.48 m·s-1和 31.00 GPa。     

6b-硝基-1,3,5-三氧环戊烷[cd]-并环戊二烯-2,4,6-三硝酸酯的合成与晶体结构（英）

以乙二醛(40%)和硝基甲烷为原料,通过缩合、硝化两步反应生成了新型硝酸酯类含能增塑剂6b-硝基-1,3,5-三氧环戊烷-并环戊二烯-2,4,6-三硝酸酯(2),总收率为40.90%,并采用红外光谱、核磁共振光谱和元素分析对其进行了表征。首次培养并获得了化合物2的晶体结构,晶体结构分析表明,该化合物属于单斜晶系,晶体空间群为P2₁/n; 晶胞参数为: a=7.792(9),b=8.534(9), c=19.41(2) , β=117.624(4)°, M_r=370.16, V=1305(2) ³, Z=4, D_c=1.884 g·cm-3, λ=0.71073 ,F(000)=752, μ =0.189 mm-1, S=1.097,最终偏差因子 R₁=0.0488,wR₂=0.1289。     

2,4-二硝基咪唑二甲基铵盐的制备及晶体结构

以2,4-二硝基咪唑为原料,经中和、取代两步反应合成出了2,4-二硝基咪唑二甲基铵盐[(DNI)NH₂(CH₃)₂],产率为62.7%。用IR、¹H NMR及¹³C NMR、元素分析和单晶X-射线衍射对其分子和晶体结构进行了表征。结果表明: 该晶体属于单斜晶系,空间群C2/c,a=31.403(5) ,b=6.7133(7) ,c=22.769(4) ,α=90.00°,β=126.80(3)°,γ=90.00°,V=3843.6(10) ³,Z=16,D_c=1.404 g ·cm-3,F(000) = 1696.0,μ(MoKα) = 0.121 mm-1。分子内及分子间氢键作用微弱,分子堆积不紧密,密度较小。并用TG-DSC对[(DNI)NH₂(CH₃)₂]进行了热分解研究,表明其分解经过两步,熔点190.7 ℃,热稳定性良好。     

3,4-双(3′-氨基呋咱-4′-基)呋咱的合成与表征

以3-氨基-4-酰氯肟基呋咱(AAOF)为原料,经分子间二聚生成3,4-二氨基呋咱基氧化呋咱(DATF),DATF还原生成了新化合物3,4-双(3′-氨基呋咱-4′-基)呋咱(BATF),总收率为54%,采用红外光谱、核磁共振光谱、质谱、元素分等进行了结构表征。通过质谱裂解碎片,研究了BATF的碎裂反应机理; 探讨了还原反应关键影响因素, 确定了最佳的反应条件为: 还原剂为SnCl₂/HCl/AcOH,料比n(还原剂)n(DATF)为31～41,反应温度为75 ℃,时间为7 h。      

3,4-双(3-硝基呋咱-4-氧基)呋咱合成、晶体结构及热性能（英文）

以二氨基呋咱为原料,经氧化、水解、中和和取代反应合成了3,4-双(3-硝基呋咱-4-氧基)呋咱,并采用红外光谱、核磁共振、元素分析,X射线单晶衍射等进行了结构表征。晶体属于单斜晶系,空间群为P2_1/c,a=15.256(3)A,b=11.579(3)A,c=14.981(3)A,β=117.624(4)°,M_r=328.14,V=2344.7(9)A~3,Z=8,D_c,=1.859 g·cm~(-3),F(000)=1312,μ=0.177 mm(~-1),S=1.012,R_1=0.0433,wR_2=0.0987。晶体结构分析结果表明,在不对称单元中存在两种构象不同的分子,分子中含有大量的弱键,能够提高化合物的密度和热稳定性。采用差示扫描量热法和热重分析研究了3,4-双(3-硝基呋咱-4-氧基)呋咱的热分解过程,在10℃·min~(-1)的升温条件下,其熔点为72.9℃,在245~346℃之间存在明显放热过程。     

一种合成3,3′-二氨基-4,4′-氧化偶氮呋咱的新方法

以3,4-二氨基呋咱为原料,经过中间体3-氨基-4-甲酰胺基呋咱或3,4-二甲酰胺基呋咱,以1,4-二氧六环为溶剂,30%双氧水为氧化剂,加热回流4 h,得到产物3,3′-二氨基-4,4′-氧化偶氮呋咱(DAOAF),产率分别为97%或89%。并通过¹H NMR、¹³C NMR、IR和EI对产物进行了表征。      

3,6-二硝基吡唑[4,3-c]并吡唑(DNPP)百克量合成及DNPP.H2O晶体结构

研究了3,6-二硝基吡唑[4,3-c]并吡唑(DNPP)的百克量级合成工艺,总收率由9.3%提高到17.9%。采用IR、¹H NMR、¹³C NMR、元素分析、质谱等方法对中间体及DNPP的结构进行了表征。探讨了环化、还原“一锅法”反应机理及反应安全性;改进了重氮盐中间体的后处理方法: 采用冷冻结晶法代替萃取法,操作简单,避免大量使用有机溶剂,收率从77.0%提高到86.1%; 培养了DNPP·H₂O单晶,晶体结构分析表明,DNPP·H₂O为单斜晶系,空间群为P2(1)/c,晶体学参数为: a=0.3480(4) nm,b=1.4134(16) nm,c=0.9027(11) nm,α=90°,β=94.327(16)°,γ=90°,V=0.4427(9)nm³, Z=4,D_c=1.756g·cm-3,μ=0.164 mm-1,F(000)=240,R₁=0.0503,wR₂=0.1391。     

[Zn(en)_3](FOX-7)_2的合成、晶体结构和热行为（英）

合成了一种新型含能锌配合物 (FOX-7)₂,并测定其晶体结构。该晶体属单斜晶系,空间群C2/c,晶胞参数为:a=0.77170(16) nm, b=1.6720(3) nm, c=1.6996(3) nm, β=94.333(3)°, V=2.1867(7) nm³, Z=4, μ＝1.194 mm-1,F(000)=1112, D_c=1.628 g·cm-3, R₁=0.0359 , wR₂=0.0955。中心锌离子与三个乙二胺分子中的六个N原子发生配位,形成了一个畸变的八面体结构, FOX-7- 阴离子并未与中心Zn2+发生配位作用,而以外界离子的形式存在于分子结构中。用非等温DSC,TG/DTG法研究了(FOX-7)₂的热分解行为,其自加速分解温度和热爆炸临界温度分别为167.1 ℃与168.8 ℃。(FOX-7)₂的热稳定性低于Zn(NH₃)₂(FOX-7)₂ 。 (FOX-7)₂的撞击感度约为20.6 J。     

3,3′-二(N-羟基偕胺肟基)二呋咱基醚合成及歧化反应

以3-氰基-4-硝基呋咱为原料,经分子间醚化、加成、重氮化、双肟化得到3,3′-二(N-羟基偕胺肟基)二呋咱基醚(DOFOF),总收率达 51.0%,用IR、¹H NMR、¹³C NMR、元素分析等进行了结构表征。初步优化了双肟化工艺,确定了最佳反应条件: 反应温度 20 ℃,n(DCFOF)n(NH₂OH·HCl)n(KOH)= 144。发现了 DOFOF 在碱性条件下易发生歧化反应,分离鉴定了歧化产物 3,3′-二偕胺肟基二呋咱基醚,并从理论上提出了可能的歧化反应机理。     

Expert Systems Aimed at General Design of Projectiles

Expert systems aimed at the general design of projectiles can implement a series of intelligent designs, such as the design of HE shell, the scheme expounded and proved, the emulation analysis and calculation, etc. Aiming at the product design feature, the expert system adopts the object-oriented knowledge representation and all kinds of inference control engines to describe and reason the relevant knowledge regarding the product through the microcomputer. It embodies the foundation of emulation analysis and simulated manufacturing of the shell. It makes use of the method that knowledge expression is combined with condition of inference to carry out the overall design and emulation and reference.The paper gives the ways through which the functions can be achieved, gives the modularization of reference and the design methods of systematization, puts forward the method of knowledge expression and working interface, and supplies a platform for similar products of the shell category that can be quickly designed.     

Three-dimensional Numerical Simulation of Combustion Field in the Combustion Chamber

In order to study the effect of rotation on the combustion in the underwater vehicle, a two-phase turbulent combustion process is described with Reynolds stress turbulence model, eddy-dissipation turbulent combustion model, P-1 radiation model and particle tracking model of liquid. The flow in the rotating combustion chamber is simulated at two different working speeds, 0 r/min and 1 000 r/min by Fluent software. The temperature, gas velocity, static pressure of wall and fuel concentration are computed and compared. The results show that the combustion in rotating combustor is faster and more effective.     

Software Communication Architecture Implementation and Its Waveform Application

This paper attempts to do a research on the development of software defined radio（SDR） based on software communication architecture（SCA）. Firstly, SCA is studied and a whole reference model of SCA3.0 core framework （CF） is realized; Secondly, an application-specific FM3TR waveform is implemented on the platform of common software based on the reference model; Thirdly, from the point of view of real-time performance and software reuse, tests and validations are made on the above realized CF reference model and FM3TR waveform. As a result, the SCA-compliant SDR has favorable interoperability and software portability and can satisfy the real-time performance requirements which are not too rigorous.     

Parameter Identification for the Valve Control Cylinder System of a Hydraulic Manipulator

In mechanical, hydraulic and electronic systems, the determination of system parameters is often challenging because liquid parameters often change significantly, due to variations in working and environmental conditions. Therefore, it is of significant practical importance to identify those parameters through experimental procedures. A systematic approach to identifying parameters in the valve controlling cylinder system of hydraulic manipulators is provided. It first derives the transfer function of the system, and then uses P control of PID control to predict system parameters. The predicted parameters are further validated using PID control. The prediction through simulation using MatLab language is utilized, which agrees well with experimental results.     

Dynamic Simulation of the Tank Gun Recoil Response

By using the ATV module of MSC. ADAMS, the dynamic simulation of recoil response of tank gun is analyzed.How the recoil force affects the bodywork and the suspension during gun firing, as well as the changing status of the gun muzzle‘s velocity are gained. All results and analyzing methods are offered for the designing basis of optimizing tank vehicle-gun match. The constructive exploration is beneficial to improving the general capability of tank.     

Survey of Controllable Suspension System for Off-road Vehicles

The controllable suspension system can improve the performances of off-road vehicles both on road and cross-country. So far, four controllable suspensions, that is, body height control, active, semi-active and slow-active suspensions, have been developed. For off-road vehicles, the slow-active suspension and the semi-active suspension which have controllable stiffness, damping and body height are more appropriate to use. For many years, some control methodologies for controllable suspension systems have been developed along with the development of modern control theory, and two or more original control methods are integrated as a new control method. Today, for military or civilian off-road vehicles, the R&D of controllable suspension systems is ongoing.     

An Efficient Key Agreement Framework to MANET

Protocols for key management are compared and evaluated from the point of view on mobile ad hoe networks （MANET）. The issues of fault-tolerance and efficiency of key distribution protocols for group communications in MANET are addressed. Most key distribution protocols existing today are primarily designed for wlre-line networks. These protocols either fail to work as intended or cannot work at all when they are applied to the demanding environment of MANET. Parameters and performance of different protocols are analyzed, and then a fiat is given out, on which new protocols or existing ones are designed and modified, so that they can be robust, scalable and efficient in MANET.     

Finite Element Analysis of Fretting Behavior Between an Engine Cylinder Block and a Main Bearing Cap

The finite element analysis of the fretting behavior between a cylinder block and a main bearing cap is presented. The stresses, relative fretting slip, fretting friction work parameter W and crack initiation location parameter G on the fretting contact surface of the cylinder block are obtained and analyzed. It shows that the fretting fatigue problem of the cylinder block can be quantitatively explained by W or G. The effects of pretightening force, friction factor and material combination of the cylinder block and the main bearing cap are studied. The computational results indicate that the fretting fatigue of the cylinder block can be allayed by increasing the elastic modulus of the cylinder block, but not by changing the other two factors.     

A Physical Model of Electromagnetic Force from PEMA Acted on Metal Projectiles

Electromagnetic armor is a new conceptual combat vehicle technology, which improves remarkably the defensive capability and maneuverability of vehicles. The authors present definitely to apply the electromagnetic theory to analyze the electromagnetic armor. Based on electromagnetics, the experienced expression of projectile and the physical model of PEMA （passive electromagnetic armor） are obtained when electric current flows through the system, and a computer sim- ulation is given.     

The Kinematics Analysis of the Hydraulic Mine-clearing Mechanical Manipulator

Through analyzing the kinematics of the hydraulic manipulator operating system, according to the rules for set-ing up the D-H coordinate system, the generalized coordinate of the manipulator system is established. The rotating and moving joints are selected from the mechanism as joint variables. Each generalized transformation matrix of joints is worked out. The kinematics equation at the finger end of the manipulator is calculated. The obverse solution for the manipulator is gained. The geometrical operating parameters and primary technical specification of the manipulator system are simulated through the computer. The simulative result has shown that the manipulator operating system meets the working task requirements. This research provides theoretical basis for optimizing structural parameters of the manipulator operating. So it also is justified the feasibility for mechanical manipulators to be used in the engineering equipment platform of the hydraulic excavator.