RDX-CMDB推进剂的催化热分解及其与燃速的相关性

用PDSC和TG-DTG研究了RDX-CMDB改性双基推进剂在一种含能复合燃速催化剂作用下的热分解。与对燃速的影响相似,复合燃速催化剂中不同成分的组合对PDSC各特征量有不同的影响。在RDX-CMDB改性推进剂的PDSC试验中获得的放热速率特征量和压强的平方根与燃速能用一线性方程关联。获得的"燃速与PDSC特征量相关因子"能用以研究燃速催化剂的作用。     

RDX-CMDB推进剂的催化热分解Ⅰ.高压热分解与燃速相关性研究

用高压差示扫描量热仪(PDSC)研究了一种RDX-CMDB推进剂在所选用燃速催化剂(没食子高铅、对氨基苯甲酸铜和炭黑)作用下的热分解,并对比了纳米和非纳米催化剂对其热分解的影响。结果表明,压力和不同复合组成的燃速催化剂对PDSC特征量和RDX的相对放热量有影响;在14 MPa压力范围内PDSC的特征量和压力可用一经验方程,通过二元回归与燃速关联。该方程能得到表征压力(压强)和放热速度对燃速的贡献程度的参数,能反映较高压力(8~14 MPa)下推进剂燃速的平台效应和不同复合组成的燃速催化剂的影响。     

RDX-CMDB推进剂的催化热分解I．高压热分解与燃速相关性研究

用高压差示扫描量热仪（PDSC）研究了一种RDX-CMDB推进剂在所选用燃速催化剂（没食子高铅、对氨基苯甲酸铜和炭黑）作用下的热分解，并对比了纳米和非纳米催化剂对其热分解的影响。结果表明，压力和不同复合组成的燃速催化剂对PDSC特征量和RDX的相对放热量有影响；在14MPa压力范围内PDSC的特征量和压力可用一经验方程，通过二元回归与燃速关联。该方程能得到表征压力（压强）和放热速度对燃速的贡献程度的参数，能反映较高压力（8-14MPa）下推进剂燃速的平台效应和不同复合组成的燃速催化剂的影响。     

含CL-20的NEPE推进剂高压热分解特征量与燃速的关联

用高压差示扫描量热仪(PDSC)对常压(0.1MPa)及高压条件(2,4,6,8MPa)下含CL-20的NEPE推进剂的热分解特性进行研究,指出催化剂能够引起推进剂分解峰温和放热量的变化,且这种变化因压力的不同而不同.将燃速与热分解速率和压力的平方根用一线性方程相关联,得到了含CL-20的NEPE推进剂以热分解特征量表征的燃速关系式,并获得了燃速与PDSC特征量相关因子(kr),kr可以反映出催化剂对推进剂燃速的调节作用.     

高氯酸铵/铝粉—复合改性双基推进剂燃速与热分解的相关性研究

利用高压差示扫描量热(PDSC)法研究了高氯酸铵/铝粉—复合改性双基(AP/Al-CM-DB)推进剂在1.0~13.0 MPa压强范围内的燃速与高压热分解特性的相关性。研究结果表明,AP/Al-CMDB推进剂在1.0~13.0 MPa压强范围内的燃速与高压热分解的相关性模型中需将压强p和放热速度ΔHd/Δθ两个影响因子对推进剂燃速的影响程度分开独立考虑,该相关性符合模型关系式u=kupa[ΔHd/Δθ]b,利用该相关性模型所得的燃速计算值与实测值之间的误差低于2.50%.     

有机铜盐对RDX-CMDB推进剂的燃烧性能和高压热分解的影响

研究了三种有机铜盐燃烧催化剂β-雷索辛酸铜(β-Cu)、3-硝基-1,2,4三唑-5-酮铜盐(NTO-Cu)和2,4-二硝基咪唑铜(NI-Cu)对RDX-CMDB推进剂不同压强下的燃烧性能和热分解的影响。结果表明,三种有机铜盐燃烧催化剂对RDX-CMDB推进剂的燃烧性能和差示扫描量热法(DSC)特征量有一定影响;β-Cu、NTO-Cu和NI-Cu三种有机铜盐可使RDX-CMDB推进剂热分解的第一个分解峰温Tp1提前1～4℃,并将第二个分解峰温Tp2提前5～11℃;RDX-CMDB推进剂的燃速和DSC特征量随压强的升高而增大,在1～10MPa压强下该类推进剂的燃速与DSC特征量呈线性相关。     

影响PDSC特征量燃速关系方程的因素

分析了燃速催化剂和主要气体产物对燃速的高压差示扫描量热(PDSC)特征量关系方程参数的影响,结果表明,该方程的压强因子与压强指数线性相关,RDX-CMDB改性双基推进剂(R系列推进剂)的燃速催化剂影响燃热因子,主要分解气体产物相对量值比与“燃热因子”和“压强因子”有线性关系或有近线性关系.因此,该方程除了可以描述PDS...     

RDX-CMDB推进剂的催化热分解Ⅱ. 分解气体产物和催化作用机理

用热重-差示扫描量热-傅立叶转换红外-质谱(TG-DSC-FTIR-MS)联用技术研究了RDX-CMDB推进剂在所选用燃速催化剂(没食子高铅、对氨基苯甲酸铜和炭黑)作用下的热分解。对添加催化剂(纳米和普通)和不添加催化剂的RDX-CMDB推进剂热分解主要气体产物变化进行了分析,讨论了燃速催化剂对热分解特征量的影响,初步探索了催化剂的作用机理。结果表明,所研究的燃速催化剂能改变推进剂中RDX的初期热分解机理,使放热的C—N键断裂在与吸热的N—NO2键断裂的竞争反应中占优,放热量增大;也使双基组分放出有负生成热的CH2O的相对量增加;纳米铝盐-铜盐-炭黑三元复配催化效果最好。     

DNP对CMDB推进剂燃烧性能及热分解的影响

用燃速测试和高压差示扫描量热法(PDSC)试验,研究了N,N-二硝基哌嗪(DNP)逐渐取代改性双基推进剂(CMDB)中的黑索今(RDX)后,对推进剂燃烧性能和热分解特性的影响.研究结果表明,DNP的加入减缓了CMDB推进剂中RDX的热分解反应,使CMDB推进剂燃速降低,压强指数变小,且高压下(12～18 MPa)燃速降低幅度更加明显.当DNP含量增加到20%(DN3)时,DNP的放热分解峰从推进剂主分解放热峰中分离出来,此放热峰在9 MPa下出现肩峰.     

固体推进剂热分解的高压DSC特征量

通过差示扫描量热试验（ＤＳＣ），研究了三种改性双基推进剂及其主要组分ＲＤＸ的热分解，分析了不同压力条件下的分解峰温，峰温差，表现分解热焓以及分解曲线的变化规律，探讨了压力及催化剂对推进剂热分解过程的影响，并与燃速和燃速压力指数进行了初步关联。     

Stability of the Third Generation Intensifier under Illumination

The stability under illumination of transmission-mode GaAs photocathode sealed in the third generation intensifier is investigated by use of spectral response testing instruments. The variations of spectral response with the illumination times under weak and intense illumination are compared. The variations of photoemission performance parameters are also characterized. The results show that during initial several weak illuminations photocathode behaves no evident decay and a maximum sensitivity is achieved, while under intense illumination the sensitivity of photocathode begin to decrease largely at the first illumination. The calculated performance parameters show that the variation of surface escape probability with illumination times is a direct cause of instability of photocathode. It is also found that under intense illumination peak wavelength is moved towards short-wave and peak response is decreased, which shows that the ability of long-wave response of photocathode is decreased.     

Passive Acoustic Radar for Detecting Supersonic Cruise Missile

A Passive Acoustic Radar is presented as a necessary complement to electromagnetic wave radar, which will be expected to be an effective means for detecting cruise missiles. Acoustic characteristics of supersonic flying projectiles with diverse shapes are expounded via experiment. It is pointed out that simulation experiment could be implemented using bullet or shell instead of cruise missile. Based on theoretical analysis and experiment, the ““acoustic fingerprint““ character of cruise missile is illustrated to identify it in a strong noise environment. After establishing a locating mathematical model, the technique of acoustic embattling is utilized to resolve a problem of confirming the time of early-warning, considering the fact that velocity of sound is much slower than that of light. Thereby, a whole system of passive acoustic radar for detecting supersonic cruise missile is formed.     

Design and Analysis of Test Schemes of Static Postponing Time on Shrapnels Used to Riot Control

The test scheme of static postponing time given in our actual national military test standard on shrapnels used to control riot is a nine-point test scheme on the combined action of three kinds of temperatures and three kinds of pressures,the consumed ammunitions are more excessive. Statistic analysis and tentative checkout about a lot of test data are done,feasibility gists are put forward for optimizing of the test design scheme. The optimizing design and data analysis of test scheme of the item are done by managing uniformity design theory, two scientific and reasonable six-point test schemes are confirmed. The feasibility and reliability of the optimizing design schemes put forward above are proved ulteriorly by test validating. The gained schemes not only have good design uniformity and little ammunition wastage and meet the test demand, but also have better forecast ability for the result data of other points using the mathematic models from the actual test points.     

Super-resolution Restoration of Remote-sensing Images

A novel image restoration scheme, which is super-resolution image restoration algorithm Poisson-maximum-afterword-probability based on Markvo constraint （MPMAP） combined with evaluating image detail parameter D, has been proposed. The advantage of super-resolution algorithm MPMAP incorporated with parameter D lies in the fact that superresolution algorithm MPMAP model is discrete, which is in accordance with remote-sensing imaging model, and the algorithm MPMAP is proved applicable to linear and non-linear imaging models with a unique solution when noise is not severe. According to simulation experiments for practical images, super-resolution algorithm MPMAP can retain image details better than most of traditional restoration methods; at the same time, the proposed parameter D can help to identify real point spread function （PSF） value of degradation process. Processing result of practical remote-sensing images by MPMAP combined with parameter D are given, it illustrates that MPMAP restoration scheme combined PSF estimation has a better restoration result than that of Photoshop processing, based on the same original images. It is proved that the proposed scheme is helpful to offset the lack of resolution of the original remote-sensing images and has its extensive application foreground.     

Design and Simulation of TF and TA Controller for Missile

A nonlinear terrain following(TF) and terrain avoidance(TA) controller is proposed for missile control systems. Based on classical TF algorithm (adaptive angle method), a new method for TF controller is proposed by using angle of attack. A method of obtaining terrain outline data from digital elevation map (DEM) for TF control is discussed in order to save store space. A TA algorithm is proposed by using bank-to-turn technique. The block control model, which is suitable for backstepping design, is given for nonlinear model of missile. Making full use of the characteristics of the system and combining block control principle and backstepping technique, a robust controller design method is proposed. Uncertainties in every sub-block are allowed, and can be canceled by using the idea of nonlinear damping. It is proved that the state tracking errors are converged to a neighborhood of the origin exponentially. Finally, nonlinear six-degree-of-freedom simulation results for the missile model are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control law.     

Design of Non-fragile Satisfactory Estimator for Linear Continuous Perturbed Stochastic Systems

The design problem of non-fragile estimator is addressed for a class of perturbed linear continuous systems. The perturbations occur on the plant and estimator parameters. The estimator designed should force the error system to achieve the desired decay rate and force the steady error variance less than the specified upper bound irrdevancy of the admissible plant perturbations and estimator perturbations. Consistency problem of the decay rate with the variance upper bound is first considered via linear matrix inequality （LMI） approach. The solution of the estimator parameter under specifications to be consistent is then discussed. The consistency condition of specifications and estimator parameter solution are transformed to feasible or minimum problems subject to a set of LMI respectively. The method is illustrated by a numerical example.     

An Improved Scene-based Nonuniformity Correction Algorithm for Infrared Focal Plane Arrays Using Neural Networks

The improved scene-based adaptive nonuniformity correction （NUC） algorithms using a neural network （NNT） approach for infrared image sequences are presented and analyzed. The retlna-like neural networks using steepest descent model was the first proposed infrared focal plane arrays （IRFPA） nonuniformity compensation method, which can perform parameter estimation of the sensors over time on a frame by frame basis. To increase the strength and the robustness of the NNT algorithm and to avoid the presence of ghosting artifacts, some optimization techniques, including momentum term, regularization factor and adaptive learning rate, were executed in the parameter learning process. In this paper, the local median filtering result of Xij （ n ） is proposed as an alternative value of desired network output of neuron Xij （ n ）, denoted as Tij （ n ）, which is the local spatial average of Xij （ n ） in traditional NNT methods. Noticeably, the NUC algorithm is inter-frame adaptive in nature and does not rely on any statistical assumptions on the scene data in the image sequence. Applications of this algorithm to the simulated video sequences and real infrared data taken with PV320 show that the correction results of image sequence are better than that of using original NNT approach, especially for the short-time image sequences （several hundred frames） subjected to the dense impulse noises with a number of dead or saturated pixels.     

Piecewise Filter of Infrared Image Based on Moment Theory

The disadvantages of IR images mostly include high noise, blurry edge and so on. The characteristics make the existent smoothing methods ineffective in preserving edge, To solve this problem, a piecewise moment filter （PMF） is put forward. By using moment and piecewise linear theory, the filter can preserve edge. Based on the statistical model of random noise, a related-coefficient method is presented to estimate the variance of noise. The edge region and model are then detected by the estimated variance. The expectation of first-order derivatives is used in getting the reliable offset of edge. At last, a fast moment filter of double-stair edge model is used to gain the piecewise smoothing results and reduce the calculation. The experimental result shows that the new method has a better capability than other methods in suppressing noise and preserving edge.     

Bistatic Sonar Localization Based on Best Linear Unbiased Estimation

A best linear unbiased estimation （BLUE） algorithm for bistatic sonar localization is proposed. The Cramer-Rao bound for bistatic Sonar and the geometrical dilution of precision （GDOP） in different conditions are given. The simulation results show that the location accuracy of BLUE algorithm is higher than the weighted least square method.     

Research on Gear-broken Fault Diagnosis in a Tank Gearbox

A fault diagnosis method of working position gear in a tank gearbox is put forward based on simulating the fault of working position gear in an actual tank, extracting the envelope of vibration signal by Hilbert transformation amplitude demodulation method, and zooming the low-frequency band to envelope signal.