Heat Transfer Performance of Microgroove Back Plate Heat Pipes with Working Fluid and Heating Power

Micro heat pipes(MHP) cooling is one of the most efficient solutions to radiate heat for high heat flux electronic components in data centers. It is necessary to improve heat transfer performance of microgroove back plate heat pipes. This paper discusses about influence on thermal resistance through experiments and numerical simulation with different working fluids, filling ratio and heat power. Thermal resistance of the CO_2 filled heat pipe is 14.8% lower than the acetone filled heat pipe. In the meantime, at the best filling ratio of 40%, the CO_2 filled heat pipe has the optimal heat transfer behavior with the smallest thermal resistance of 0.123 K/W. The thermal resistance continues to decline but the magnitude of decreases is going to be minor. In addition, this paper illustrates methods about how to enhance heat pipe performance from working fluids, filling ratio and heat power, which provides a theoretical basis for practical applications.     

Numerical Investigation of Heat Transfer Performance of Rectangularly Coiled Pipes

A numerical simulation was conducted to investigate convective heat transfer from small and compact coiled pipes heat exchangers using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software Fluent V6. One fluid (air) moves over the coiled pipe while a second fluid (refrigerant R141B) at different temperature flows through the pipe. The studied heat exchanger is composed with bends and straight tubes. Calculations were done for two cases with different outside flow arrangements. The simulation results showed remarkable differences in the flow characteristics and heat transfer rate of different single tubes of the entire heat exchangers. The temperature distribution and heat transfer are mainly influenced by temperature gradient, backflow conditions, exterior flow velocity, and surface area. The results also show the effect of the bends on the flow in straight tubes and vice-versa.     

Experimental investigation on the heat transfer characteristics of axial rotating heat pipes

The heat transfer performance of axial rotating heat pipes was measured under steady state at rotational speeds up to 4000 RPM, or a maximum centrifugal acceleration of 170g, and heat transfer rates up to 0.7 kW. A cylindrical and an internally tapered heat pipe with water as the working fluid were tested with different fluid loadings that ranged from 5% to 30% of the total interior volume. The measurements were used to characterize the effects of rotational speed, working fluid loading, and heat pipe geometry on the heat transfer performance. The internal taper on the condenser was found to significantly increase the heat transfer rate compared to the cylindrical case. A comparison between the test results and predictions from previous models showed that natural convection in the liquid film at the heat pipe evaporator plays an important role in the heat transfer mechanism at high rotational speeds.     

Waste heat recovery using heat pipe heat exchanger (HPHE) for surgery rooms in hospitals

Research has been carried out on the theory, design and construction of heat pipes, especially their use in heat pipe heat exchangers for energy recovery, reduction of air pollution and environmental conservation. A heat pipe heat exchanger has been designed and constructed for heat recovery in hospital and laboratories, where the air must be changed up to 40 times per hour. In this research, the characteristic design and heat transfer limitations of single heat pipes for three types of wick and three working fluids have been investigated, initially through computer simulation. Construction of heat pipes, including washing, inserting the wick, creating the vacuum, injecting the fluid and installation have also been carried out. After obtaining the appropriate heat flux, the air-to-air heat pipe heat exchanger was designed, constructed and tested under low temperature (15–55°C) operating conditions, using methanol as the working fluid. Experimental results for absorbed heat by the evaporator section are very close to the heat transfer rate obtained from computer simulation. Considering the fact that this is one of the first practical applications of heat pipe heat exchangers, it has given informative results and paved the way for further research.     

振荡流热管自激强化传热的可行性分析

围绕自激振荡流热管的工作特性，联系目前国内外纳米流体及非均匀截面结构在强化传热研究方面的最新进展，分析了在自激振荡流热管内的复杂相变换热条件下，通过采用纳米流体工质与非均匀管截面以实现振荡流热管自激强化传热的可行性，并提出了纳米流体的浓度、相容性、充液率以及管截面结构等需要解决的关键性技术问题。为下一步有针对性的强化传热实验研究和新型自激振荡流热管换热器的设计与开发提供了必要的理论依据。     

重力热管单线内螺纹分布强化换热实验研究

采用实验方法,研究了不同的内螺纹分布和油浴温度等因素对热管换热特性的影响。实验选用的热管材料为紫铜,外径16 mm,壁厚3 mm,长度为200 mm,传热工质为水,充液率为20%。实验结果表明:在同一油浴温度下,内螺纹重力管的启动特性要优于光滑重力热管。对比不同油浴温度下,布置内螺纹能够有效地降低热管的工作温度。实验选型的内螺纹仅布置在蒸发段不会提高热管的换热系数,而在绝热段和冷凝段布置内螺纹则能够使换热系数显著提升,且随油浴温度的增加,换热系数线性增加。     

矩形管内纵向涡强化传热研究

将纵向涡强化换热技术应用于矩形管槽,研究以水为换热介质在过渡流状态下的换热效果。实验结果表明有纵向涡发生器的换热效果明显优于无纵向涡发生器的情况。利用PHEON ICS计算软件对实验进行数值模拟,模拟值与实验值符合较好。在此基础上,改变纵向涡的翼高和形状来模拟,发现两者均为换热影响的因素,相比之下,高宽比为0.4纵向涡发生器的换热效果比高宽比为0.5和0.6的要好。而采用相同高宽的矩形翼时,N u高于三角翼,但其换热性能指标却低于直角三角翼。     

水平布管重力型分离式热管实验研究

为了研究水平布管重力型分离式热管在空调余热回收领域的应用,本文设计了分离式热管的实验装置,进行了充液率的实验研究,并借助红外热力成像仪,首次应用图像可视化分析了不同充液率条件下热管蒸发器的工作状态。研究结果表明:热管的换热量随充液率的不同而发生变化,最佳充液率为45%~52%。通过能效比分析,最佳充液率时其能效比能达到8.4,表明水平布管重力型分离式热管节能效果显著,具有推广价值。     

Numerical study of heat pipe application in heat recovery systems

Heat pipes are two-phase heat transfer devices with extremely high effective thermal conductivity. They can be cylindrical or planar in structure. Heat pipes can be embedded in a metal cooling plate, which is attached to the heat source, and can also be assembled with a fin stack for fluid heat transfer. Due to the high heat transport capacity, heat exchangers with heat pipes have become much smaller than traditional heat exchangers in handling high heat fluxes. With the working fluid in a heat pipe, heat can be absorbed on the evaporator region and transported to the condenser region where the vapour condenses releasing the heat to the cooling media. Heat pipe technology has found increasing applications in enhancing the thermal performance of heat exchangers in microelectronics, energy and other industrial sectors.Utilisation of a heat pipe fin stack in the drying cycle of domestic appliances for heat recovery may lead to a significant energy saving in the domestic sector. However, the design of the heat pipe heat exchanger will meet a number of challenges. This paper presents a design method by using CFD simulation of the dehumidification process with heat pipe heat exchangers. The strategies of simulating the process with heat pipes are presented. The calculated results show that the method can be further used to optimise the design of the heat pipe fin stack. The study suggests that CFD modelling is able to predict thermal performance of the dehumidification solution with heat pipe heat exchangers.     

水基纳米流体在铜丝平板热管中的应用

对使用三种水基纳米流体作为工质的铜丝平板热管的传热特性进行了实验研究.使用的纳米流体分别是平均粒径20 nm的Cu纳米颗粒、平均粒径50 nm的Cu纳米颗粒和平均粒径50 nm的CuO纳米颗粒的水基悬浮液(简称水基20 nm Cu、50 nm Cu、50 nm CuO纳米流体),着重分析了纳米流体种类,纳米颗粒质量分数、运行温度或工作压力对热管传热特性的影响.研究结果表明,使用纳米流体作为工质可以显著提高热管的传热特性;在不同运行温度条件下,不同的纳米流体均在质量分数1.0％时具有最佳传热效果;纳米流体是一种适用于铜丝平板热管的新型工质.     

Effect of Operating Parameters on the Heat Transfer and Liquid Film Thickness of Revolving Heat Pipe

This paper presents a study on the effects of operating parameters on the liquid film thickness and heat transfer of revolving heat pipe. The effects of speed, radius of rotation, evaporator and condenser temperatures, and mass of the working fluid are considered. Also, the effects of these parameters on the maximum heat transfer and minimum mass of the working fluid supplied to the heat pipe are considered. A simplified theoretical model is presented to estimate the heat transfer and the liquid film thickness. The theoretical model is used to determine the driven forces on the control volume. The system of equations associated with the heat pipe model is solved using the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method through a numerical code written in MATLAB. The results show that the heat transfer increases by decreasing the mass of the working fluid and increasing the temperature difference through the heat pipe. They also show that the liquid film thickness increases with the decrease in temperature difference and with increase in the mass of fluid. The maximum heat transfer increases with the increase in the rotation speed. The minimum mass of the working fluid supplied to the heat pipe increases with the increase in temperature difference and with the decrease in the rotation speed.     

Investigation into the performance of a micro gravitational heat pipe and a micro gravitational heat pipe with artery

The performance of a normal micro gravitational heat pipe was investigated using the analytical and numerical models previously developed. An innovative structure of the heat pipe, i.e. the micro gravitational heat pipe with artery, was then proposed in an attempt to overcome some of the drawbacks of the normal pipe. The thermal behaviour of the new type of heat pipe was simulated, and this was compared with that of a normal micro heat pipe. A performance estimation of both pipes was carried out based on the simulation results. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

磁场作用下纳米磁流体热管传热速率的研究

提出了一种利用外加磁场来强化纳米磁流体真空热管传热的实验研究方法,设计和建立了纳米磁流体真空热管传热测试实验台,并在不同种类、不同强度的外加磁场作用下分别对纳米磁流体真空热管的传热速率进行了实验研究.结果表明：纳米磁流体热管在各种外界条件下都优于磁流体热管和水工质热管;各种磁场都能强化纳米磁流体热管的传热,其中静态直流磁场作用下纳米磁流体真空热管的传热速率提高最大.     

一种新型微热管传热性能的实验研究

对一种新型的平板式微热管一零切角曲面微热管进行了实验研究。以热阻为基础，研究不同倾角、工质、充液比下微热管的热性能。为便于分析，将热管总热阻分解为4个部分：加热热阻、蒸发段热阻、冷凝段热阻和热沉热阻。通过实验得出如下结论：微热管总热阻的主要变化因素是冷凝段热阻和蒸发段热阻；与相应的无工质平板式换热器相比，实验件主要热阻变为热沉热阻．蒸发段和冷凝段热阻所占比例较低。根据不同的充液比和倾角。微热管传热极限分别由局部干烧和核态沸腾向膜态沸腾转化引起。实验表明。这种新型的微热管具有良好的应用前景，但是对于其机理还需要更深入的研究。     

热管式导热油加热炉的研制

介绍了一种新型热管式导热油加热炉的工作原理,性能及结构特点,该加热炉采用高温热管为主,配以部分中,低温热管作为传热元件,具有独特的优点和显著的节能效果,有着重要的推广价值和广阔的应用前景。     

间隔热源加热下新型热管冷板内部汽液两相流动与传热的数值模拟

为了有效解决阵列行波管的多热源、高热流散热问题，研制了一种结构全新的热管冷板。建立了热管冷板内部汽液两相流动与传热的两相流模型，并采用IPSA算法对间隔热源加热下热管冷板的内部流动和传热特性进行了数值模拟。通过数值模拟和试验验证，考察了该热管冷板的初步运行性能，为其实际应用提供了依据。图8表1参9     

A Feasibility Study About Using SiO2 Nanofluid Screen Mesh Wick Heat Pipe for Cooling of High-Power LEDs

Effective and timely heat removal from high-power light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is crucial to their performance and lifetime. The strategy of using a screen mesh wick heat pipe with SiO₂ nanofluid as the working fluid for LED heat dissipation is comprehensively evaluated. An experimental system is set up to study the heat transfer performance of the heat pipe. The obtained experimental results give optimal conditions/parameters for the heat pipe: 60% charging ratio, 30° incline angle, and 1wt% concentration of the nanofluid. Compared with a heat pipe using the secondary distilled water as the working fluid, the thermal resistance of the heat pipe using the SiO₂ nanofluid as the working fluid is generally reduced by around 35–40% for the investigated heat load range of 1–60 W. Based on an equivalent heat conductivity of the SiO₂ nanofluid heat pipe derived from the experimental results, an Icepak modeling effort for the cooling system of a 60-W LED lamp is then expended. The numerical results show that the temperature of the LED lamp remains low and quite uniform across the LED chip region, indicating the technical feasibility of using this class of heat pipes for cooling of high-power LEDs.     

低温环路热管综述

环路热管是以多孔毛细芯抽吸力为动力的相变传热设备,可根据实际应用改变结构形式,能在远距离传热的同时保持良好的均温性,并且可在微重力环境下运行。环路热管工作温区较广,按照其工作温区一般可分为高温环路热管(350 K以上)、常温环路热管(200～350 K)和低温环路热管(200 K以下)。为了满足深空探测的需要,低温环路热管广泛应用于航天设备温控系统中并表现出优异的性能。按照孔隙特征和结构形式将用于环路热管的毛细芯分为四种,简要阐述每种毛细芯制备和特点;综合分析了近年来低温环路热管技术主要理论和实验研究成果,将目前低温环路热管常见的工作温区分成五个部分,分析影响低温环路热管传热性能的因素,包括工质充装量、反重力高度、次蒸发器功率等。最后,提出优化措施以满足未来深空以及地面应用的需求。     

Heat transfer characteristics of the evaporator section using small helical coiled pipes in a looped heat pipe

An experimental study was carried out for the heat transfer characteristics and the flow patterns of the evaporator section using small diameter coiled pipes in a looped heat pipe (LHP). Two coiled pipes: the glass pipe and the stainless steel pipes were used as evaporator section in the LHP, respectively. Flow and heat transfer characteristics in the coiled tubes of the evaporator section were investigated under the different filling ratios and heat fluxes. The experimental results show that the combined effect of the evaporation of the thin liquid film, the disturbance caused by pulsation and the secondary flow enhanced greatly the heat transfer and the critical heat flux of the evaporator section. In final, two dimensionless empirical correlations were proposed for predicting the heat transfer coefficients of the evaporator section before and after dryout occurs.     

表面活性剂对水工质超长重力热管传热性能的影响

超长重力热管是近年来被提出的用于干热岩地热能开采的一种新技术。该技术方案通过工质的沸腾-冷凝相变来进行热量传输从而在地面获得地下数千米深的热量,突破了常规热管的热力输运距离。表面活性剂能降低液体的表面张力,从而改变液体工质的沸腾特性,能在一定程度上提升常规热管的热力性能,但在超长重力热管中的作用仍有待研究。本文在自行搭建的超长重力热管实验系统（L = 40 m,D = 7 mm）中,以不同浓度的十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）水溶液为工质,研究了表面活性剂的加入对超长重力热管采热性能的影响。实验发现SDS的加入降低了热管的最佳注液量。纯水工质的最佳注液率为30%（注液高度为6 m）,随SDS浓度升高,最佳注液率降低至10%（注液高度为2 m）。实验还发现,SDS的影响在不同注液量条件下有很大区别:注液量较低（2 m）时,加入SDS后热管性能改善,随着SDS溶液浓度的升高,热管的采热性能提高;注液量较高（6 m）时,加入SDS后热管性能下降,随着SDS溶液浓度的增大,采热性能下降。分析热管测温点温度波动发现,加入SDS对不同注液高度工况的影响机制并不相同。注液量较低时,SDS的加入使得热管整体壁温下降,这可能和常规热管中一样,是由于沸腾相变更加剧烈,壁面润湿性提升,从而提高了热管的采热性能。但在注液量较高时,加入SDS后,温度波动幅度减小且沿高度迅速衰减,这可能是由于工质表面张力的降低,沸腾时气泡聚并减弱,热管工作时产生的间歇沸腾减弱或消失,导致超长重力热管的采热性能下降。因为间歇沸腾在一定程度上有利于降低热管注液段与外界环境的温差,减少散热。