柴油机废气净化系统的研究

研制了一种柴油机排出废气净化系统，主要包括捕集器、燃烧净化器和控制装置。该系统以液化石油气为能源，具有自动再生、净化效果良好的功能。在X195柴油机上的试验研究表明，该系统能够在柴油机较宽转速和负荷范围内有效净化柴油机排出废气，微粒净化效率达80％左右，HC／CO的净化效率达50％左右。     

ECPT系统对柴油机微粒和NOX排放的影响

在X195柴油机上建立以废气再循环、燃烧净化器加捕集器形成的ECPT系统。在发动机试验台架上测量了ECPT系统对柴油机排放(主要是微料、N0x)的影响。试验结果表明：在适当的废气客积比的情况下，ECPT系统很明显地降低了柴油机排气中微粒和N0x，解决了净化微粒和N0x这一对不可调和的矛盾。     

汽车柴油机排气微粒后处理系统的开发及研究

介绍所开发研制的以过滤体微波再生技术为基础的汽车柴油机排气微粒后处理系统的总体组成、工作原理及其特点。对装有６１１０Ａ型柴油机和排气微粒后处理系统的ＣＡ１４１型柴油车进行了整车台架及道路试验,考核了微粒后处理系统在柴油车实际使用条件下的净化效率、系统的工作可靠性和耐久性。研究了后处理系统对汽车动力性的影响以及降噪能力。研究结果表明,后处理系统基本满足设计要求。     

车用柴油机排气微粒后处理器的开发

开发了一种用于市内公共汽车的6120Q型柴油机的排气微粒后处理器。后处理器用泡沫陶瓷作为微粒捕集介质,保证净化效率在50％以上。鉴于我国市内公共汽车柴油机的平均排气温度很低,在捕集器的前端装了一个燃烧器,定期对陶瓷滤芯进行热再生。文中介绍了微粒捕集器和再生燃烧器结构发展的沿革,特别是再生系统的工作和性能。     

柴油机尾气微粒静电净化研究

该研究通过在柴油机排气系统中设置一个高压静电装置使排出的废气通过高压静电场,对柴油机尾气中微粒在静电场中的运动进行了理论分析。本文阐述了微粒静电净化的机理和净化装置的设计,并对试验结果作了分析。     

利用旋风分离方法捕集柴油机微粒的研究

本研究为寻求一种结构简单、性能稳定、价格低廉、不用再生的尾气净化技术,利用旋风分离方法对柴油机微粒进行了捕集实验研究。研究中发现:微粒经过凝聚器后,其粒径分布发生变化,有30%～40%左右的微粒凝聚,这对于旋风捕集是十分有利的。初步研究表明:影响捕集效率的因素十分复杂,在多种工况下的捕集效率为25%～49%,且中高转速捕集效率较高     

利用旋风分离方法捕集柴油机微粒的研究

本研究为寻求一种结构简单、性能稳定、价格低廉、不用再生的尾气净化技术，利用旋风分离方法对柴油机微粒进行了捕集实验研究。研究中发现：微粒经过凝聚器后，其粒径分布发生变化，有３０％～４０％左右的微粒凝聚，这对于旋风捕集是十分有利的。初步研究表明：影响捕集效率的因素十分复杂，在多种工况下的捕集效率为２５％～４９％，且中高转速捕集效率较高。     

柴油车尾气微粒捕集器技术研究现状及发展趋势

柴油车微粒排放物严重地污染环境并危害人类健康,其净化技术一直是人们研究的热点问题.微粒捕集器(DPF)技术是满足未来车用柴油机严格排放法规的重要措施.本文首先介绍了DPF净化机理及其常用的过滤体材料;然后综述了DPF再生技术的研究现状,对各种再生技术进行了分析;最后展望了微粒捕集器再生技术的发展趋势,提出微米木长纤维碳化木DPF过滤效率高,排气背压小,使用寿命长,可为柴油机尾气净化开辟一个新的方向.     

热泳力作用下柴油机微粒在冷却通道中沉降规律研究

对热泳力作用下柴油机微粒在冷却通道中的沉降规律进行了研究。推导建立了热泳沉降率数学模型，在此基础上分析了在热泳力作用下，微粒大小、排气流速、排气与壁面温差以及通道尺度等因素对柴油机微粒在冷却通道中热泳沉降率的影响规律。研究结果表明，热泳力对柴油机微粒具有一定的脱除作用，通过合理设计和控制冷却通道的结构和运行参数，可以有效地提高柴油机微粒在冷却通道中的沉降率。热泳沉降技术为柴油机微粒的净化以及柴油机微粒分布的改善提供一条有效的途经。     

喇叭形扩张管对净化器流场与压降影响的研究

内燃机排气净化器内的流速分布均匀性及通过整个净化器的压力降对净化器的净化效果及寿命有着重要的影响.本文利用ANSYS CFX软件对喇叭形扩张管结构的净化器内流场及压力降进行计算,探究了喇叭形圆弧半径对净化器压力与速度分布的影响.随着喇叭形圆弧半径的增大,净化器内的流速分布更加均匀,并且压力降减小,提高了净化效率,并且改善了发动机的性能.研究结果可为设计排气净化器结构的合理性提供依据.     

不同结构因素下方形旋风分离器分离性能的实验研究

通过改变分离器进气形式、排气芯管形状、管径及布置方式，对方形分离器的分离性能进行了实验研究。结果表明：正切向进气形式优于斜切式；排气管直径是重要的结构参数，且方排气管的分离性能要优于同等排气面积的圆排气管。研究结果为方形分离器结构的优化设计提供了依据。图5表4参6     

排气管偏置对CFB锅炉旋风分离器性能的影响

通过冷态模化试验,研究了排气管偏置对CFB锅炉旋风分离器主要性能的影响。试验结果表明,排气管偏置对旋风分离器分离效率有明显的提高,而分离器阻力总体下降。因此,采用合适的排气管偏置结构,是改善旋风分离器性能的有效方法之一。     

Development of gas-solid direct contact heat exchanger by use of axial flow cyclone

A heat exchanger between particulate or granular materials and gas is developed. It makes use of a swirling gas flow similar to the usual cyclone separators but the difference from them is that the swirl making gas is issued into the cyclone chamber with downward axial velocity component. After it turns the flow direction near the bottom of the chamber, the low temperature gas receives heat from high temperature particles supplied from above at the chamber's center. Through this configuration, a direct contact and quasi counter-flow heat exchange pattern is realized so that the effective recovery of heat carried by particles is achieved. A model heat exchanger was manufactured via several numerical experiments and its performances of heat exchange as well as particle recovery were examined. Attaching a small particle diffuser below the particle-feeding nozzle brought about a drastic improvement of the heat exchange performance without deteriorating the particle recovery efficiency. The outlet gas temperature much higher than the particle outlet temperature was finally obtained, which is never realized in the parallel flow heat exchanger.     

下排气旋风分离器的改进设计

分析了传统下排气旋风分离器的设计缺陷，提出了注重采用排气管高度作为设计参数和两侧内外对切的改进结构，对设计时各参数的推荐范围和选取依据作了详细分析，并给出了一个设计实例。现场测试表明：改进结构的旋风分离器具有低阻高效的良好性能。图3参6     

两种烟度计在柴油机排气净化装置检测中的应用研究

通过对滤纸式及不透光两种烟度计测量原理的比较,得出不透光烟度计在低浓度烟气排放测量中更具有优势.分析了波许烟度、吸光系数与柴油机排气中碳粒质量浓度的关系.通过对比相关公式计算结果及实测数据,得到了吸光系数与碳粒质量浓度的线性关系公式.应用该线性关系,可以更准确地对烟气净化装置的效率进行评估.为此,在柴油机排气净化装置的检测中,推荐采用不透光烟度计.     

Industrial application of parallel integrated cyclone separator equipment in the ethylene decoking system

For removing particulate pollutants from the coke burning tail gas of an ethylene pyrolysis furnace more effectively, a new parallel integrated cyclone separator has been devising and operating stably in the decoking system for five years. Industrial online supervision indicated that the separate efficiency of the equipment in collecting fine particulate pollutants from the ethylene pyrolysis furnace exceeded 95% and almost all of the larger coke particles are removed after cyclone separation. The volume of coke powder in the gas outlet accounts for only 2% of the total and the new parallel integrated cyclone separator ensuring the dust content of the exhausted tail gas to remain below required levels.     

Improving gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine efficiency and emissions with hydrogen from exhaust gas fuel reforming

Exhaust gas fuel reforming has been identified as a thermochemical energy recovery technology with potential to improve gasoline engine efficiency, and thereby reduce CO₂ in addition to other gaseous and particulate matter (PM) emissions. The principle relies on achieving energy recovery from the hot exhaust stream by endothermic catalytic reforming of gasoline and a fraction of the engine exhaust gas. The hydrogen-rich reformate has higher enthalpy than the gasoline fed to the reformer and is recirculated to the intake manifold, i.e. reformed exhaust gas recirculation (REGR).     

过滤器微波再生系统的射频测控技术

根据微粒过滤器微波再生的需要,提出了过滤体微粒沉积及再生的射频测控方法。叙述了射频测控技术的基本原理。通过理论推导给出了检测天线的设计方法,并从功率容量的要求出发对检测天线进行了设计。利用设计的测试系统在柴油机上进行了大量的试验测定,对实际测量结果进行了分析,并对各种影响因素进行了研究。试验结果验证了过滤体微粒沉积量射频测试方法的可行性。文中提出的射频测控技术为柴油机微粒后处理系统的实际应用奠定了基础     

Performance simulation of a low‐swirl burner for a Stirling engine

A new type of gas burner for Stirling engine that can recover adequate heat from exhaust gas was designed based on the plate heat exchanger and low‐swirl combustion technology, which consists of three components: a cyclone, a burner, and a circular plate heat exchanger. The circular plate heat exchanger tightly wound around the combustion chamber plays a high efficiency of heat recovery role. In consideration of the radial symmetry of the burner, a three‐dimensional numerical simulation was carried out by Ansys15. The velocity distribution, temperature distribution, and pressure distribution of the combustion gas were presented respectively. Strong backflow that came from the exhaust gas around the root of the flame in the combustion chamber and a vortex below the inlet of the exhaust gas channel were found, which were beneficial for the combustion and improving the uniformity of temperature distribution. Combustion behaviors of the burner under standard operating conditions were obtained, the highest temperature was about 2200 K in burner and the exhaust gas entered the plate heat exchanger at the temperature of 1375 K and exited at 464 K, with the waste heat recovery efficiency over 65.8%. And, the air‐fuel ratio and combustion power had negligible effect on the waste heat recovery efficiency.