微波诱导催化技术处理压裂返排液的研究

借助微波诱导催化技术,利用自主研发的高效敏化剂处理双城压裂返排液,确定微波功率、废水pH值、H2O2用量及敏化剂用量对COD去除率的影响。实验结果表明：当微波功率为600 W,敏化剂的质量浓度为25 g/L,H2O2的体积浓度为18 mL/L,废水pH值为3.5时,压裂返排液COD去除率达到最大值75％。     

微波催化氧化处理垃圾渗滤液工况研究

采用自制Fe—O／CeO2催化剂和正交设计试验方法,研究了微波催化氧化技术处理垃圾渗滤液的四个主要影响因素对COD去除率的影响,并得出处理工艺的最佳工况,结果表明：最佳处理工况为Fe-O／CeO2投加量10g／L,H2O2投加量22．5mL／L,微波功率800W,微波辐射时间8min,此时CODCr的去除率为69％。     

Ni/Fe/Zr催化剂的制备及其微波催化氧化性能

采用共沉淀法制备Ni/Fe/Zr复合氧化物催化剂,并在微波条件下以H<,2>O<,2>为氧化剂,将其用于处理正丁酸模拟废水,考察该催化剂的活性.正交试验结果表明,在Ni:Fe=(0:10)、Zr:(Fe+Ni)=4:1、沉淀时间为5 h、干燥时间为6 h、焙烧温度为350℃、焙烧时间为6 h的条件下,所制的催化剂活性最高,此时对模拟废水中TOC的去除率可达75%;Ni:Fe、Zr:(Fe+Ni)及焙烧温度这三个因素对催化剂活性的影响特别显著,焙烧时间次之,而干燥时间和沉淀时间无明显影响.另外,上述条件下制备的催化剂稳定性较好,使用17次后处理效果仍无明显下降.对催化剂进行XRD衍射及电镜扫描表征发现,采用共沉淀法制备催化剂时,对催化剂进行掺杂改性可改变其物相,在Fe催化剂中添加zr可有效提高其催化活性.     

微波诱导催化氧化降解活性艳红的研究

文中采用微波诱导氧化工艺对活性艳红水溶液的降解进行了初步研究.实验分别考察了活性艳红水溶液不同初始浓度、催化剂投加量、H2O2投加量、微波辐照时间和pH等因素对活性艳红降解效果的影响.结果表明:取100mL浓度为300 mg/L活性艳红水溶液加入12 g改性氧化铝催化剂,辐照时间1.5 min,H2O2用量为4 mL,pH为6.0的条件下,活性艳红水溶液的褪色率达98.2%,CODσ去除率达84.5%.微波降解活性艳红具有降解速率快、成本低、没有中间产物生成和不会造成二次污染等优点,适合于大规模治理染料废水.     

三嗪类废水处理方法研究与工程改造实践

以三嗪类废水为研究对象,采用酸析法、超声/Fenton工艺等探究对其TOC的去除效果。结果表明,当p H值为7时,酸析法对TOC的去除率可达66.7%;当p H值为3、Fe2+∶H2O2=1∶10(物质的量之比)、超声频率为25 k Hz、超声功率为300 W、反应时间为30 min时,超声/Fenton工艺对TOC的去除率可达48.5%。根据小试结果,将三嗪类废水处理工程中采用的直接蒸馏工艺改造为酸析+超声/Fenton+蒸馏工艺,处理水量提高了22%~28%,蒸馏出水水质基本可以厂内回用,蒸馏底盐作为固废处置或进一步处理后资源化利用。     

改性Fenton试剂处理模拟苯酚废水研究

目的提高废水中苯酚的去除率。方法分别采用普通Fenton试剂和改性Fenton试剂(纳米Fe3O4/H2O2体系)处理模拟苯酚废水,找出其最佳反应条件,并将两者的处理效果进行对比。结果采用改性Fenton试剂处理苯酚废水,在pH=3时,按照m(COD)∶m(H2O2)=1∶3,n(Fen+)∶n(H2O2)=1∶5投加一定量的纳米Fe3O4和H2O2,搅拌反应60 min,化学需氧量(COD)去除率达到(91.80±1.64)%,而相同条件下普通Fenton试剂的COD去除率为(81.31±1.83)%。结论改性Fenton试剂的处理效果优于普通Fenton试剂的处理效果。     

响应曲面法优化降解直接深棕染料废水的低频超声工艺

以模拟直接深棕染料废水为对象,采用低频超声技术,探讨初始pH、H2O2投加量及催化剂用量对直接深棕染料废水降解率的影响。应用Box-Behnken中心组合试验和响应面分析法,建立了类Fenton试剂对处理直接深棕染料废水的二次多项式数学模型,确定了超声降解直接深棕染料废水的优化条件:取初始浓度为100 mg/L直接深棕染料废水250 mL,超声功率为250 W,频率28kHz,降解150 min,初始pH、H2O2投加量及催化剂用量分别为3.791、.74 mM1、.65 g。经试验验证,实际值与模型预测值拟合性良好,偏差仅为1.35%。     

纳米TiO2光催化剂多面球填料对印染废水的脱色效果

采用偶联剂将纳米TiO2光催化剂固定于聚丙烯多面小球上,制成纳米TiO2光催化剂填料球,用其处理印染废水,考察了填料球的投加量、紫外灯功率及H2O2投加量对废水脱色效果的影响。结果表明：处理120 L废水,当填料球的投加量为1 000个、紫外灯功率为4×30 W、30%浓度的H2O2投量为100 mL、反应120 min时,对废水的脱色效果最佳,脱色率为97.8%。     

超声协同H2O2降解模拟废水中苯酚的影响因素试验研究

运用超声、H 2O 2以及2种技术相结合的超声协同H 2O 2方法处理苯酚模拟废水,比较3种方法处理效果的差异,并讨论了超声功率、溶液pH值、超声作用时间和亚铁离子(Fe2+)的量对处理效果的影响。结果表明,超声协同H2O2处理组对模拟废水的处理效率优于超声处理组和H2O2处理组。通过正交实验得出影响苯酚的降解率的大小次序先后为pH值>超声功率>超声时间 >加入FeSO4量,在实验参数的基础上,为了获得较高的降解率和节省成本,各因素的优化工艺参数为超声时间60 min,功率为200 W,pH值为3,加入0.1 mmol·L-1FeSO4量为1.0 mL。在该最佳条件下试验,苯酚的降解率为81.50％。相对单独超声和单独过氧化氢而言,采用超声协同过氧化氢法对苯酚具有降解率高、节省时间、降解速度快等优点。     

电/Fenton法氧化降解阿莫西林废水的特性

采用电/Fenton法降解阿莫西林模拟废水.结果表明,电/Fenton法集电解和Fenton于一体,电解作用能使溶液中的Fe3+在阴极还原再生Fe2+,提供更多Fe2+催化H2O2,因而电/Fenton法对COD的去除效果优于Fenton法.当阿莫西林废水的初始浓度为0.1 g/L时,分析各因素对COD去除效果的影响,得到最佳工艺参数:[H2O2]=13 mmol/L、Fe2+和H2O2的物质的量之比为1:36、电流,=0.3 A、pH值=4.5,在最佳条件下反应100 min时,对COD的去除率达到70%,BOD5/COD值由零增至0.41.Fe2+和H2O2的最佳物质的量之比(1:36)同样适用于处理高浓度的阿莫西林废水.由于阿莫西林在反应初期降解速度很快,可使电解时间控制在反应的前10 min.     

Evaluation of the treatment performance of a multistage ozone/hydrogen peroxide process by decomposition by-products

The performance of a multistage ozone/hydrogen peroxide (O3/H2O2) process was evaluated with respect to total organic carbon (TOC) removal of waste waters. An aqueous humic acid solution (5.2 mgC l(-1) as TOC) and a sand filtered secondary sewerage effluent (5.6mgC l(-1) as TOC) were used as model waste waters. Appropriate range of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) dose at each stage depended upon the components of the tested solutions that changed as the process proceeded. Higher hydrogen peroxide dose was required at later stages in which low reactivity compounds with hydroxyl radical (HO*), low molecular fatty acids, were predominant. And, oxalic acid concentration related to H2O2 demand at later stages. This was assumed that the slow decomposition of oxalic acid was rate-determining step for TOC removal after its accumulation. Also, it is important to maintain dissolved ozone at low concentration for efficient TOC removal because rapid ozone consumption is required for the rapid formation of hydroxyl radical (HO*).     

UV-based processes for reactive azo dye mineralization

In the present study, advanced oxidation processes, UV/H2O2, UV/O3, and UV/H2O2/O3 have been applied to bleach and degrade organic dye C.I. Reactive Red 45 in water solution. Influence of pH and hydrogen peroxide dosage on process efficiency was investigated. The rate of color removal was studied by measuring the absorbance at the characteristic wavelength while mineralization rates were obtained on the basis of total organic carbon (TOC) and adsorbable organic halides (AOX) measurements. Complete bleaching was achieved by all applied processes after 60 min while the maximal mineralization extent depended on the reaction conditions for each of the processes. It has been found that UV/H2O2/O3 process was the most efficient with 61.1% TOC removal and 72.0% AOX removal, respectively, achieved after a 1-h treatment. Time required for complete mineralization of RR45 by UV/H2O2 and UV/H2O2/O3 processes was determined as well.     

ZnO/O3工艺降解水中微量有机物的研究

以实验室制备的粉末氧化锌(ZnO)为催化剂,考察了ZnO/O3工艺去除水中有机物的效能.采用总有机碳(TOC)指标反映水中有机污染物的含量.结果表明:臭氧投量为1 mg/L、ZnO投量为300 mg/L时,反应60 min后ZnO-O3工艺对TOC的去除率为46%,比单独臭氧化提高了1倍;反应温度明显影响该工艺对有机物的降解效果,在水温为5,10,20和25 ℃时,TOC的去除率分别为17.5%,31.5%,45.9%和51.3%.臭氧浓度和催化剂投量的增加,可以提高TOC的氧化降解效率.     

Advanced oxidation of a reactive dyebath effluent: comparison of O3, H2O2/UV-C and TiO2/UV-A processes

In the present study the treatment efficiency of different AOPs (O3/OH- H2O2/UV-C and TiO2/UV-A) were compared for the oxidation of simulated reactive dyebath effluent containing a mixture of monochlorotriazine type reactive dyes and various dye auxiliary chemicals at typical concentrations encountered in exhausted reactive dyebath liquors. A525 (color), UV280 (aromaticity) and TOC removal rates were assessed to screen the most appropriate oxidative process in terms of reactive dyebath effluent treatment. Special emphasis was laid on the effect of reaction pH and applied oxidant (O3, H2O2) dose on the observed reaction kinetics. It was established that the investigated AOPs were negatively affected by the Na2CO3 content (= 867 mg/L) which is always present at high concentrations in dychouse effluents since it is applied as a pH buffer and dye fixation agent during the reactive dyeing process. The ozonation reaction exhibited almost instantaneous decolorization kinetics and a reasonable TOC reduction rate. It appeared to be stable under the investigated advanced oxidation conditions and outranked the other studied AOPs based on the above mentioned criteria. Besides, the electrical energy requirements based on the EE/O parameter (the electrical energy required per order of pollutant removal in 1 m3 wastewater) was calculated for the homogenous AOPs in terms of decolorization kinetics. In view of the electrical energy efficiency, ozonation and H2O2/UV-C oxidation at the selected treatment conditions appear to be promising candidates for full-scale dyehouse effluent decolorization.     

O3／H2O2艺去除饮用水中2-MIB的效能与机制

以2-甲基异莰醇（MIB）为嗅味物质的代表物,采用过氧化氢／臭氧氧化（O3／H2O2）工艺去除水中嗅味物质,考察了O3／H2O2工艺对水中2一MIB的去除效能与主导作用机制。研究表明,投加H2O2显著提高了单独0,氧化对2-MIB的去除效能,H2O2与O3最佳物质的量比为0．3：1,且2-MIB去除效果随pH值的升高而升高。叔丁醇对2-MIB的去除表现出显著的抑制作用,在O3氧化2-MIB过程中,除O3分子氧化2-MIB外,O3在水中自分解产生的强氧化性的羟基自由基（HO·）也具有协同氧化作用。不同浓度的天然有机物（NOM）对2-MIB去除效果的影响不同,较低浓度的NOM促进了2-MIB的去除,但随着其浓度的升高,2-MIB去除率明显降低。O3／H2O2工艺对水中2-MIB表现出良好的去除效果,是强化去除水中2-MIB等致臭微量有机物的重要工艺。     

Improvement of oxidative decomposition of aqueous phenol by microwave irradiation in UV/H2O2 process and kinetic study

2.5GHz of microwave irradiation can cause a considerable improvement of oxidative decomposition of aqueous phenol in a UV/H2O2 system. The experimental results showed that the microwave irradiation can raise both the phenol conversion and the TOC removal efficiency up to or above 50%. Also, the microwave irradiation could considerably enhance the oxidative degradation of phenol in the UV/H2O2 system even under a suppression of thermal effect. Addition of hydrogen peroxide by more than a stoichiometric amount was critical to mineralize aqueous phenol to create a short reaction time. Also, microwave irradiation can accelerate the degradation rate of intermediates, hydroquinone and catechol, produced in the course of phenol oxidative decomposition. From the kinetic study, the disappearance rate of phenol can be expressed as dX/dt = kPH[M]0(alpha - X)(1 - X), where alpha equivalent [H2O2]0/[M]0 + kOH[OH*]/kPH[M]0, shows a good correlation with the experimental data. The kinetic analysis showed that an indirect reaction of phenol with OH radical might be dominant in the absence of microwave irradiation, meanwhile a direct reaction of phenol with hydrogen peroxide might be dominant in the presence of microwave irradiation except for low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide.     

二氧化钛光催化降解腐殖酸的试验研究

研究了不同pH条件下二氧化钛(TiO2)对腐殖酸的吸附和光催化降解过程,重点考察了腐殖酸降解过程中UV254、A436、TOC、SUVA254、AOC的变化.结果表明:随着pH值的升高,Ti02对腐殖酸的吸附率下降;当腐殖酸初始浓度为10 mg/L、初始pH=7、二氧化钛投量为2g/L时,反应2 h后,对UV254、A436、TOC的去除率分别可达98.21%、99.11%、71.02%,SUVA254值由初始的7.58 L/(mg·m)持续降低至0.467 L/(mg·m),AOC浓度则先升高后降低.     

垃圾渗滤液为碳源时A~2/O法的脱氮除磷研究

以垃圾渗滤液为碳源,进行了A2/O法的脱氮除磷试验研究.结果表明,在一定范围内,随着垃圾渗滤液投量的增加,A2/O工艺的出水总氮浓度降低,而对总磷的去除率却呈下降趋势.当垃圾渗滤液投量为0.2%时,出水总氮为11.38 mg/L,对总氮的去除率为62.40%,较对照的提高了13.96%;出水总磷为0.21 mg/L,对总磷的去除率为94.35%,较对照的下降了2.61%.当垃圾渗滤液投量为0.4%时,出水总氮为9.16 mg/L,对总氮的去除率为68.59%,较对照的提高了20.15%;出水总磷为0.26 mg/L,对总磷的去除率为92.37%,较对照的下降了4.59%.之后随着垃圾渗滤液投量的进一步提高,出水总氮和总磷浓度均高于对照试验的.可见,适当掺加垃圾渗滤液可提高脱氮效果,解决原水碳源不足的问题.     

Effect of photochemical treatment on the biocompatibility of a commercial nonionic surfactant used in the textile industry

The degradability of surfactants is a frequent and complex issue arising both at domestic as well as industrial treatment facilities. The present paper describes a laboratory study conducted to elucidate the photochemical and biochemical treatability of a nonionic, alkyl polyethylene ether-based surfactant formulation commonly used in the textile preparation stage. The application of H(2)O(2)/UV-C advanced photochemical oxidation appeared to be a suitable treatment alternative and 90% COD removal (COD(0) approximately 500 mg/L) could be achieved under optimized process conditions. A significant COD removal efficiency (74%) could also be reached after biodegradation (final COD=135 mg/L) of the surfactant; however, necessitated an acclimation period of at least 6 weeks for the achievement of steady-state conditions. H(2)O(2)/UV-C treatment efficiency was seriously retarded upon elevation of the initial COD to around 1000 mg/L, resulting in 46% COD and 38% TOC removal after 120 min photochemical oxidation (H(2)O(2,0)=1020 mg/L; pH(0)=9.1). The BOD(5)/COD ratio increased from 0.23 to 0.31 after the application of H(2)O(2)/UV-C revealing that photochemical pretreatment may have a positive effect on the ultimate biodegradation of the nonionic surfactant. Although the time required for activated sludge treatment to reach steady-state conditions could be reduced to 3 weeks for the photochemically pretreated surfactant formulation biochemical COD removal efficiency dramatically decreased from 74% to 39% for the nonionic surfactant being subjected to H(2)O(2)/UV-C pretreatment (ultimate COD after activated sludge treatment=265 mg/L).     

Photocatalytic oxidation and ozonation of catechol over carbon-black-modified nano-TiO2 thin films supported on Al sheet

The photocatalytic activity of the carbon-black-modified nano-TiO2) (CB-TiO2) thin films was 1.5 times higher than that of TiO2 thin films in degrading Reactive Brilliant Red X-3B. Photocatalytic oxidation and ozonation of catechol over CB-TiO2 thin films supported on Al sheet was investigated. The experiments showed that ozone concentrations had an important effect on TOC removal. The combined photocatalysis with UV irradiation and ozonation (TiO2/UV/O3) process considerably increased TOC removal rate compared to combined photocatalysis with UV irradiation and oxygen oxidation (TiO2/UV/O2) process, ozonation alone (O3) process, combined ozonation and UV irradiation (UV/O3) process. The complete mineralization of catechol followed pseudo-zero-order kinetics dependent upon ozone (oxygen) concentration and indicated catechol concentration did not affect the kinetics during UV/O3 and TiO2/UV/O3 (O2) processes. The kinetic study showed that the rate constants in the complete mineralization of catechol with TiO2/UV/O3 are 1.32-1.80 times higher than that of UV/O3 with the same concentration of ozone. The rate constants are 2.56-5.36 times higher than the maximal rate constants of TiO2/UV/O2 and 4.68-9.8 times higher than the maximal rate constants of TiO2/UV.