基于温度应力的温拌沥青胶结料低温力学性能

为准确评估Sasobit温拌产品对沥青胶结料低温力学性能的影响,同时考虑温拌沥青胶结料在降温过程中所产生的累积和松弛作用,基于小梁弯曲流变(BBR)试验计算获得了温拌沥青胶结料的温度应力,运用Huet模型进行参数拟合并采用统计学方法对温拌产品的影响效果作了进一步分析.结果表明:2%及以上Sasobit温拌产品的加入使得沥青材质变硬,致使温拌沥青胶结料出现更高的低温PG分级、更大的温度应力和更高的临界开裂温度;Huet模型的参数分析和统计学方法分析进一步证实了此硬化影响的存在.     

改性沥青再生混合料疲劳抗裂性能评价

文中基于再生沥青胶结料和再生混合料两个尺度,分别采用动态流变剪切试验(DSR)和弯曲梁流变试验(BBR)评价再生沥青的中低温性能,采用间接拉伸试验(IDT)和小梁弯曲疲劳试验评价再生混合料的疲劳抗裂性能。试验结果表明,再生改性沥青的中温疲劳性能变差,低温劲度变大,并且应力松弛能力下降。IDT试验结果表明,随着再生混合料中RAP掺量的增加,其抗拉强度与弹性模量增加,极限拉应变与韧性指数减小。疲劳试验结果表明,全新料的疲劳性能明显优于再生混合料,再生胶结料的疲劳因子能够很好地反映出再生混合的疲劳抗裂性能,并且施工工艺显著影响着再生混合料的疲劳性能。     

基于BBR试验的无缝伸缩缝沥青胶结料低温性能分析

为选用适合的性能指标评价无缝伸缩缝沥青胶结料低温性能,选用SHRP计划中的弯曲流变仪(BBR)研究低温工作状态下两种新型无缝伸缩缝沥青胶结料的蠕变性能,并结合材料力学性能通过编程方法获得胶结料的应力松弛性能。试验结果显示,相比于传统低温性能指标,BBR试验指标能够极大程度减少由于高粘弹沥青性能带来的制模等误差,测试结果更准确、合理。     

基于Burgers模型的硬质沥青低温性能评价

针对以延度指标来评价硬质沥青低温性能的局限性,选取4种代表性的硬质沥青进行低温弯曲梁流变(BBR)试验,得到其蠕变劲度模量S、蠕变劲度变化速率m等参数.利用Burgers黏弹模型对低温蠕变柔量曲线进行拟合分析,构建了松弛时间λ、新指标m(t)/S(t)和低温综合柔量参数JC等沥青低温黏弹性评价指标,并与硬质沥青混合料的最大弯拉应力指标进行相关性分析.结果 表明:采用单一的S或m指标评价硬质沥青的低温性能存在一定的片面性,兼顾模量、蠕变速率、松弛能力的λ、m(t)/S(t)、JC可以更加准确地反映和评价硬质沥青的低温流变性能;在进行研究时可以采用m(t)/S(t)指标来评价硬质沥青的低温流变特性,但在工程应用中宜采用λ指标作为硬质沥青的低温评价指标.     

高模量沥青低温抗裂性能的评价指标

为评价高模量沥青的低温抗裂性能,选取弯曲蠕变劲度试验、单边切口弯曲梁试验,比较了蠕变劲度、断裂韧度、断裂能等指标的适用性.结果表明:不同种类高模量沥青的断裂韧度存在较大差异,采用蠕变劲度则无法准确评价其低温抗裂性能;沥青的断裂能排序与沥青混合料的临界弯曲应变能排序一致,因此断裂能适宜作为高模量沥青低温抗裂性能的评价指标.鉴于不同种类高模量沥青的低温抗裂性能差异显著,建议通过沥青试验、沥青混合料试验对其低温抗裂性能进行综合评价,以保证高模量沥青材料的应用效果.     

废机油底渣对沥青的不利影响及机理初探

为准确预估废机油底渣(WEOB)对沥青长期耐久性的影响,通过在直馏沥青中添加不同用量的废机油底渣来制备改性沥青,并对改性沥青进行不同程度的老化:旋转薄膜烘箱老化(RTFO),压力箱老化(PAV)及扩展压力箱老化(ExPAV).采用双边缺口拉伸(DENT)试验的临界裂纹张开位移(CTOD)研究沥青的抗延性断裂性能,采用扩展弯曲梁流变(Ex-BBR)试验得到的分级损失来评估物理硬化对沥青低温可靠性的影响,采用ΔTc指标(蠕变劲度临界温度与蠕变速率临界温度之差)评估沥青的长期耐久性,此外通过原子力显微镜(AFM)观察添加WEOB前后沥青的微观结构形态.结果表明:延长老化时间(ExPAV)可以更明显识别WEOB对沥青低温性能的不利影响,而常规沥青老化时间(PAV)并不能明显捕捉这种不利影响;添加WEOB会使沥青产生物理硬化并导致抗延性断裂性能降低;WEOB可使沥青中蜡晶粒明显增加,而蜡晶粒的低温结晶及其相界造成的应力集中是导致废机油底渣长期低温性能降低的主要原因.     

废机油底渣再生剂对老化沥青低温性能影响

为准确评估废机油底渣(WEOB)作为沥青再生剂时对老化沥青低温性能的影响,通过室内旋转薄膜烘箱老化(RTFOT)和40h长期老化(PAV)试验制备老化沥青,然后采用双边缺口拉伸(DENT)试验、扩展弯曲梁流变(Ex-BBR)试验分别研究了原样沥青、老化沥青和添加废机油底渣再生沥青的抗延性断裂性能,以及物理硬化对这3种沥青低温极限分级的影响;采用原子力显微镜研究了原样沥青、老化沥青和再生沥青的微观结构.结果表明:使用废机油底渣会降低老化沥青的容许应变(CTOD)和常规弯曲梁流变仪的低温极限分级,经过长期低温恒温处置后,废机油底渣掺量为10%的再生沥青低温极限分级增加明显;老化沥青中添加废机油底渣并不能恢复原样沥青胶结料的表面微观形态,而且形成了更多的相界.     

温拌技术对泡沫沥青及混合料性能的对比研究

利用发泡技术可使沥青在较低温度下对矿料进行包裹,制备泡沫沥青混合料,采用美国SHRP的沥青胶结料评价方法由动态剪切流变试验、弯曲梁流变试验分析不同温度条件下的发泡沥青胶结料的耐久性。通过对比研究泡沫沥青温拌混合料,评价泡沫温拌技术对沥青混合料的路用性能影响。结果表明:泡沫沥青温拌混合料的路用性能均满足规范要求;泡沫沥青的老化程度降低,低温抗疲劳性能得到改善。试验路检测结果表明:路面基本性能各项指标均有提升;对泡沫沥青温拌混合料进行社会经济效益分析,总结得出该混合料与普通热拌混合料相比可节省7.39元/t,节能率高达31.9%,环保效果非常显著,对推动基础设施发展具有积极影响。     

SBS对基质沥青低温性能改善效果研究

通常认为SBS可以同时改善基质沥青的高、低温性能。以三种常用的国产沥青和一种进口沥青作为基质沥青,采用四种不同的SBS对其进行改性,分别制得成品SBS改性沥青。运用SHRP试验方法中的弯曲梁流变仪(BBR)分别对制得的这些SBS改性沥青的RTFO／PAV残留物的流变特性进行了试验研究。结果表明,用物理意义上的共存共混方法制备得到的SBS改性沥青,其低温等级基本保持在基质沥青的低温等级上,即从流变学的意义上来说,SBS对基质沥青低温抗裂性能的改善效果仍值得探讨。     

基质沥青与SBS改性沥青的流变学性能研究

由于沥青和改性剂的相互作用，改变了沥青的成分及结构，使沥青的流变性能发生了变化。采用DSR和BBR两种仪器，通过试验研究了温度与沥青的复数剪切模量、相位角、车辙因子、疲劳开裂因子、蠕变劲度及蠕变速率的关系，并分析了SBS改性剂对沥青流变性的改善效果。     

Effect of bitumen wax on asphalt mixture performance

This paper mainly deals with waxes which are naturally present in bitumens, and does not include synthetic waxes that sometimes are proposed as bitumen additives. The main objectives were to study the rheological effect of bitumen waxes and the impact of waxy bitumens on asphalt mixture performance, such as rutting, low temperature cracking, and water sensitivity. In the rheological characterisation of bitumens, a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) and bending beam rheometer (BBR), as well as various conventional methods, were used. For asphalt mixtures, rutting, low temperature cracking and water sensitivity were evaluated by wheel tracking test (WTT), thermal stress restrained specimen test (TSRST), and modified Lottman test, respectively. It was found that, at high service temperatures and within the same bitumen grade, differences in rutting between the asphalt mixtures made with waxy and non-waxy bitumens were relatively small. However, the presence of wax in bitumen resulted in physical hardening at low temperatures. Using waxy bitumens, asphalt mixtures tended to show higher fracture temperature. As regards water sensitivity, no effect of the wax content in bitumen was seen. The water sensitivity was however heavily influenced by type of aggregate and to less extent by bitumen type. The present study implies that the effect of wax on bitumen quality and asphalt mixture performance depends on many factors. Those may include the chemical composition of the bitumen and particularly the nature of the wax.     

SBR胶乳掺量对改性乳化沥青性能的影响

为研究丁苯橡胶(SBR)胶乳掺量对改性乳化沥青性能的影响,对不同SBR胶乳掺量的改性乳化沥青进行针入度、软化点、延度和储存稳定性试验,并采用动态剪切流变仪(DSR)和弯曲梁流变仪(BBR)测试了SBR胶乳掺量对改性乳化沥青高低温性能的影响.结果 表明:随着SBR胶乳掺量的增加,改性乳化沥青的延度、软化点及软化点差逐渐增大,针入度降低;相同温度下,随着SBR胶乳掺量的增加,改性乳化沥青的复数模量、车辙因子和蠕变速率逐渐增大,劲度模量、相位角逐渐减小;综合考虑SBR胶乳掺量对改性乳化沥青各项性能指标的影响,SBR胶乳的建议掺量为4％.     

沥青混合料抗裂性能评价指标的试验研究

基于沥青路面裂纹扩展行为,设计预切口小梁试件的疲劳试验,以模拟其复合裂纹扩展模式;以疲劳寿命指标来评价沥青混合料的抗裂性能,同时进行沥青混合料的低温弯曲试验和J积分试验,试验混合料采用4种低温性能差异显著的沥青胶结料.判别各项评价指标对试验混合料抗裂性能的鉴别程度,并分析沥青低温临界温度指标、低温弯曲试验指标、J积分试验指标与预切口小梁疲劳寿命的相关性.结果表明:以混合料疲劳性能为基准的混合料抗裂性能排序与沥青胶结料临界温度的排序一致,也与沥青混合料低温弯曲试验和J积分试验中能量指标的排序一致.     

Laboratory study on the low temperature physical hardening of conventional and polymer modified bitumens

Physical hardening is a reversible process that may influence the long-term performance of a material. In this paper, physical hardening of five unmodified and 35 polymer modified bitumens was studied using a bending beam rheometer (BBR). The modified binders were prepared by mixing 3, 6 or 9% styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS), styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene (SEBS), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) or ethylene butyl acrylate (EBA) polymers with different base bitumens. The binders were isothermally stored at low temperatures (−15, −25 and −35°C) for different times ranging from 0.5 to 32 h. The results indicated that physical hardening significantly influenced the creep response of the binders, and the hardening index and horizontal shift factor were strong functions of isothermal storage temperature. Unlike the shift factor, the hardening index did not always increase with decreasing storage temperature. At a given storage temperature, a statistical correlation was observed between the two parameters. It was also shown that degree and kinetics of physical hardening were dependent on the base bitumens, and in most cases, the effect of polymer modification was insignificant.     

PVP修饰石墨烯对SBS改性沥青流变性能的影响

为研究经聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)处理后的石墨烯对SBS改性沥青流变性能的影响,通过高速剪切机在SBS改性沥青中掺入PVP修饰石墨烯,制备了石墨烯-SBS复合改性沥青,并采用动态剪切流变仪、温度扫描和线性振幅扫描试验,对复合改性沥青流变性能及抗疲劳性能变化规律进行研究,同时结合弯曲梁流变仪试验探索了复合改性沥青低温抗裂性的变化规律.试验结果表明:PVP修饰石墨烯的掺入能够有效改善SBS改性沥青在高温条件下的抗变形、弹性恢复能力以及抗疲劳性能;PVP修饰石墨烯的掺入对复合改性沥青的低温抗裂性能存在负面影响,但影响不明显.     

Preparation and rheological characterization of asphalt binders reinforced with layered silicate nanoparticles

Bentonite clay (BT) and organically modified bentonite (OBT) were used to reinforce and modify a bituminous paving asphalt binder. The modified asphalt binders were produced by melt processing under sonication and shearing stresses. The interlayer spacing of silicate layers in bentonite, organically modified bentonite and the modified asphalt binders were analyzed by wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). The softening point, viscosity and ductility of the modified asphalts were tested as a function of clay content and clay type. The dynamic shear rheological tests showed that the modified asphalts have higher rutting resistance. Bending beam rheometer (BBR) test results for aged specimens (through rolling thin film oven (RTFO) and pressure aging vessel (PAV)) indicated that adding BT and OBT can significantly improve low temperature rheological properties and cracking of asphalt.     

Effect of different high viscosity modifiers on rheological properties of high viscosity asphalt

High viscosity asphalt (HVA) has been a great success as a drainage pavement material. However, the larger porosity of drainage asphalt mixtures weakens the cohesion and adhesion and leads to premature rutting, water damage, spalling and cracking. The purpose of this study was to investigate the rheological properties of HVA prepared using different high viscosity modifiers through conventional tests, Brookfield viscosity tests, dynamic shear rheometer tests and bending beam rheometer tests. The conventional performance results demonstrated SBS + rubber asphalt (SRA-1/2) exhibited excellent elastic recovery and low-temperature flexibility. The 60°C dynamic viscosity results indicated TPS + rubber asphalt (TRA) had the excellent adhesion. The rotational viscosity results and rheological results indicated that SRA-2 not only exhibited excellent temperature stability and workability, as well as excellent resistance to deformation and rutting resistance, but also exhibited excellent low-temperature cracking resistance and relaxation performance. Based on rheological results, the PG classification of HVA was 16% rubber + asphalt for PG76-22, 20% rubber + asphalt for PG88-22, TRA and SRA-1/2 for PG88-28. From comprehensive evaluation of the viscosity, temperature stability and sensitivity, as well as high/low temperature performance of HVA, SRA-2 was found to be more suited to the requirements of drainage asphalt pavement materials.     

浅谈纤维在桥面铺装中的应用

桥面铺装沥青混凝土层直接承受行车荷载、梁体变形和环境因素的作用,受力情况复杂,因此对桥面铺装沥青混凝土的性能提出更高的要求。该文通过水稳定性、高温车辙、低温弯曲和单轴静态蠕变试验系统研究了纤维改性沥青混凝土的性能。研究结果表明,掺加纤维后能够有效提高沥青混合料的残留稳定度和冻融劈裂强度比,同时能够改善低温抗拉性能和抗高温变形能力,纤维增强沥青混合料适宜用作桥面铺装层。