仓鼠V79细胞对加速碳离子的辐照致死效应

分别测定了传能线密度（LET）为125．5、200、700keV／μm碳离子辐照仓鼠V79细胞的存活曲线，由存活曲线确定了上述3种碳离子辐照时V79细胞的失活截面依次为7．86±0．17、10．44±1．11、32．32±3．58μm2。以V79细胞对60Coγ射线的存活响应为参考值，给出了对应于上述3种碳离子照射周％、20％、50％、80％存活水平下的相对生物学效应（RBE），结果表明125．5keV／μm碳离子的RBE值在各个存活水平下都为最大。提示：以存活为生物学终点的RBE最大值在LET值小于200keV／μm的碳离子辐照时出现。     

12C6+离子辐照诱发人类肝L02细胞hprt基因突变的研究

本文研究12C6 离子辐照人类肝细胞系L02细胞诱发hprt基因突变与剂量的效应关系,为正确评价重离子对人体正常组织细胞的辐射风险及危害提供基础数据和依据.分别用12C6 离子束(LET为30 keV/μm)和X射线(LET为0.2 keV/μm)对L02细胞进行0～6Gy照射后,用克隆形成法检测细胞的存活分数,另外在含有6-TG的培养基中克隆、筛选hprt突变细胞株,测定突变频率.结果表明:12C6 离子辐照后L02细胞的存活分数明显小于X射线照后.两种射线照射后,每106个存活细胞中突变克隆的个数随照射剂量增大而增大,受照细胞的突变频率也都在1Gy处最大.但相对于X射线,人类肝细胞系L02细胞对高LET重离子辐射更敏感,而且12C6 离子束诱发更多的存活细胞hprt基因突变.     

重离子照射肿瘤细胞的相对生物学效应值

对人肝癌细胞SMMC-7721细胞和黑色素瘤细胞A375细胞,进行80.55MeV 12C6 离子、X射线和γ射线照射,通过克隆存活实验获剂量-存活曲线,以X射线或γ射线为标准,计算重离子的相对生物学效应(Relative biological effectiveness,RBE ).结果显示,两种细胞的重离子RBE值都大于1,且分次照射的RBE大于单次照射.重离子照射SMMC-7721细胞的RBE高于A375细胞,分次照射的差异更明显.重离子具有独特的物理特性及高传能线密度(Line energy transfer,LET)下的强杀伤作用,可有效杀伤不同肿瘤细胞,减弱了细胞间的敏感性差异.临床的分次照射重离子治疗时,细胞的亚致死修复明显降低,可采取较少的照射次数达到杀伤肿瘤的目的,提高肿瘤治疗效率,减轻病人痛苦.     

氚的相对生物效应

随着氚在工业、农业、医学、水文和生物学研究中应用愈来愈广泛,氚的相对生物效应(RBE)已受到各国的重视。相对生物效应是指以相同的剂量照射时,一种射线的生物作用对通常X射线作用的比值。RBE值随辐射的线能量传递(LET)而变化,通常能量为200～250keV的X射线在组织中的LET为2.5keV/μ,25keV的软X射线的 LET约为6keV/μ,氚的β射线(平均能量为5.6keV)的LET为 9.3keV/μ,较X射线的LET为大。     

12C6+离子束照射不同肿瘤细胞显示重离子治疗癌症的明显优势

通过观察两种人恶性肿瘤细胞(人肝癌细胞SMMC-7721和人黑色素瘤细胞A375)对高LET12C6 离子和γ射线辐照的敏感性及其差异,考察重离子治疗肿瘤的可行性及优势.以这两种体外培养的来源于人体不同组织的具有高辐射抗性的恶性肿瘤细胞为实验对象,分别进行12C6 和γ射线0-6Gy内不同剂量点的单次和分次照射,采用克隆存活法统计细胞的存活分数.结果显示,无论是单次还是分次照射,12C6 照射后两种细胞的存活分数均明显低于γ射线照射,而且两种细胞的辐射敏感性差异明显降低,同时分次照射细胞的存活分数没有明显提高.结果表明,高LET重离子照射对肿瘤细胞能明显提高杀伤能力,同时降低了不同细胞辐射敏感性的差异且导致细胞低的修复.以上特点与重离子剂量深度分布相结合,使得重离子在治疗肿瘤时具有特殊的优势.     

加速重离子辐射对水稻的生物学效应研究——Ⅰ.加速重离子及~(60)Coγ射线辐照水稻干种子的当代生物学效应

用高传能线密度(LET)的~(56)Fe(190keV/μ)、~(40)Ar(90keV/μ)离子束及低LET的~(60)Coγ射线(0.27keV/μ)照射水稻干种子,对当代幼苗生长、根尖微核细胞率和染色体畸变率的效应,进行了实验分析。结果表明:对比三种辐射源,微核细胞率与染色体畸变率均随处理剂量增加而增加,且呈线性关系。以幼苗的生长半抑制剂量(D_(50))为指标,三种电离辐射(~(56)Fe、~(40)Ar离子束和~(60)Coγ射线)的相对生物学效应(RBE)比值为6.3∶1.9∶1。以微核细胞率为指标,三者的RBE比较值为11∶4∶1。可见高LET的~(56)Fe和~(40)Ar比低LET的~(60)Co有较高的辐射生物学效应,尤其是在诱发细胞核染色体畸变和微核出现方面,高LET离子束有很高的效率。     

基于染色体畸变的细胞存活模型研究

为评估质子和重离子的辐射生物效应，建立了基于染色体畸变的细胞存活机理模型。开发了纳剂量生物物理蒙特卡罗模拟程序（NASIC）的DNA损伤修复模块，用于模拟不同射线类型、不同传能线密度（LET）辐射所致细胞核内染色体畸变产额。在分析辐射所致染色体畸变产额规律的基础上，建立了基于染色体畸变的细胞存活机理模型，并根据细胞存活实验数据拟合模型参数。以V79细胞为例，对于X射线和不同LET的质子，细胞存活分数的模型计算值与实验数据符合得很好，相关系数为0.985 3。采用⁴He离子的实验数据对模型及参数进行了验证，模型计算值与实验数据的相关系数为0.931 1。可见，模型能较好地区分不同射线类型、不同LET辐射在细胞致死效应上的差异。     

氮和碳离子对甜菊的诱变效应

用60～100keV氮离子和75keV碳离子的不同剂量注入甜菊干种子,并与γ射线进行比较,研究其M_1代生物学效应和M_2代突变。结果表明,离子束能诱发甜菊染色体结构变异,抑制有丝分裂活动。随着注入离子的能量和剂量提高,染色体畸变细胞率呈增加趋势。有丝分裂的剂量效应不明显,其能量效应表现在75keV与60和100kev的差异。离子束对甜菊的M_1损伤效应低于γ射线的,而诱发的M_2突变高于γ射线的。碳离子诱发的染色体畸变细胞率和M_2有益突变频率均高于氮离子的。离子注入杂交一代丰_1×日原和日原×丰_2的诱变效应大于济宁和丰_2。     

离子致DNA损伤的实验研究

脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)是辐射生物学效应最重要的靶分子,研究其电离辐射损伤具有重要意义。DNA双链断裂被认为是最重要的原初损伤。此实验用原子力显微镜研究重离子致DNA双链断裂。 首先设计了~(241)Am放射源辐照装置,用它产生的能量为5.48 MeV的α粒子(在水中的LET约为90 keV/μm),对大肠杆菌的超螺旋状ρ GEM-T质粒DNA进行了辐照。辐照剂量为1、4、8和12 Gy。     

氮和碳离子对甜菊的诱变效应

用60～100keV氮离子和75keV碳离子的不同剂量注入甜菊干种子,并与γ射线进行比较,研究其M_1代生物学效应和M_2代突变。结果表明,离子束能诱发甜菊染色体结构变异,抑制有丝分裂活动,随着注入离子的能量和剂量提高,染色体畸变细胞率呈增加趋     

Killing effect of Chinese hamster V79 cells exposed to accelerated carbon ions and RBE determination

Survival curves of Chinese hamster V79 cells exposed to accelerated carbon ions with linear energy transfers of 125.5, 200 and 700keV/μm were measured, respectively. Inactivation cross sections corresponding to the irradiation above were deduced from the V79 cell survival curves. They are 7.86±0.17, 10.44±1.11 and 32.32±3.58μm2 in turn. With the surviving response of V79 cells to 60Co γ-rays as a reference value, relative biological effectiveness at 10%, 20%, 50% and 80% survival levels were given for the accelerated carbon ions. The results showed that carbon ions with LET of 125.5keV/μm had a higher value of RBE at all the four survival levels than the carbon ions with other LETs. It was prompted that the maximum value of RBE for the V79 cell surviving as the biological endpoint emerged at the LET below 200 keV/μm for carbon ions.     

Organ Doses as a Function of Body Weight for Environmental Gamma Rays

The organ doses for γ rays from typical environmental sources were determined with Monte Carlo calculations using anthropomorphic phantoms having different body sizes. It has been suggested that body weight is the predominant factor influencing organ doses for environmental γ rays, regardless of sex and age. A weight function expressing organ doses for environmental γ rays was introduced. This function fitted well with the organ doses calculated using the different phantoms. The function coefficients were determined mathematically with the least squares method. On the assumption that this function was applicable to organ doses for human bodies with diverse characteristics, the variances in organ doses due to race, sex, age and difference in body weight of adults were investigated. The variations of organ doses due to race and sex were not significant. Differences in body weight were found to alter organ doses by a maximum of 10% for γ rays over 100 keV, and 20% for low-energy γ rays. The doses for organs located deep inside a body, such as ovaries, differed between a newborn baby and an adult by a maximum factor of 2 to 3. For y rays over 100 keV, the variation was within a factor of 2 for all organs. The organ doses for adolescents more than 12 years agreed within 15% with those of the average adult.     

Bystander effect in human hepatoma HepG2 cells caused by medium transfers at different times after high-LET carbon ion irradiation

Although radiation-induced bystander effects have been well documented in a variety of biological systems, whether irradiated cells have the ability to generate bystander signaling persistently is still unclear and the clinical relevance of bystander effects in radiotherapy remains to be elucidated. This study examines tumor cellular bystander response to autologous medium from cell culture irradiated with high-linear energy transfer (LET) heavy ions at a therapeutically relevant dose in terms of clonogenic cell survival. In vitro experiments were performed using human hepatoma HepG2 cell line exposed to 100 keV/μm carbon ions at a dose of 2 Gy. Two different periods (2 and 12 h) after irradiation, irradiated cell conditioned medium (ICCM) and replenished fresh medium were harvested and then transferred to unirradiated bystander cells. Cellular bystander responses were measured with the different medium transfer protocols. Significant higher survival fractions of unirradiated cells receiving the media from the irradiated cultures at the different times post-irradiation than those of the control were observed. Even replenishing fresh medium for unirradiated cells which had been exposed to the ICCM for 12 h could not prevent the bystander cells from the increased survival fraction. These results suggest that the irradiated cells could release unidentified signal factor(s), which induced the increase in survival fraction for the unirradiated bystander cells, into the media sustainedly and the carbon ions triggered a cascade of signaling events in the irradiated cells rather than secreting the soluble signal factor(s) just at a short period after irradiation. Based on the observations in this study, the importance of bystander effect in clinical radiotherapy was discussed and incorporating the bystander effect into the current radiobiological models, which are applicable to heavy ion radiotherapy, is needed urgently.     

Assessment of biological changes in wheat seedlings induced by ^12C^6＋-ion irradiation

The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of 12C6 ion beam (10～80 Gy) on biological changes of wheat seedlings. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related biomarkers and the quantification of plant survival and growth were examined at 10 day after carbon ions irradiation (LET 30.8keV/μm). The results showed that heavy ions obviously enhanced ROSs reflected by the production of O2 and H2O2 as well as TBARS, and treatment with 20 Gy achieved the peak value, suggesting that higher mutagenic potential may occur at 20 Gy. Simultaneously, increase of SOD activity was induced by heavy ions to counteract ROS accumulation. On the other hand, higher doses at 40 and 80 Gy inhibited wheat growth and survival in comparison with the control, and reversely lower doses at 10 or 20 Gy stimulated wheat growth and survival. In conclusion, the above observations imply that a dose range of 20～40 Gy is likely promised for wheat mutation breeding.     

TOF-PET探测器定时性能初步研究

本工作采用LYSO晶体阵列和平板型位置灵敏光电倍增管H8500对TOF-PET探测器进行了初步设计,能分辨3.2mm×3.2mm的晶体阵列。与BaF₂探测器组成时间谱仪,测量正电子湮没射线的瞬发时间谱,得到379ps的符合时间分辨率。根据已测量的BaF₂探测器时间分辨率（159ps）,可计算得到所设计的TOF-PET探测器时间分辨率为344ps。预计与此相同的两个TOF-PET探测器对正电子湮没射线的符合时间分辨率可达486ps左右,为新型PET的研究提供了有利条件。     

Half-life measurement of neutron-rich isotope 237Th

1 INTRODUCTIONIt has been rePorted[1l that the new neutron-rich isotoPe 237Th was produced via'"U(n,2P):"Th reaction by 14MeV/u neutron irradiations of natural uxedum and thehdelife of:3vTh has been given. Some experimental results reveal that in multi-nucleontransfer reaction (MNTR), neutron-rich projectile, neutron-rich taxget and reasonablyhigher incident energy favor the production of a heavy neutron-rich nuclei. In addition,dissiPative fragmntation of heavy taxget in the interme…     

Measurement of keV-Neutron Capture Cross Sections and Capture Gamma-Ray Spectra of 167 Er

The neutron capture cross sections and capture γ-ray spectra of ¹⁶⁷Er were measured in the neutron energy region of 10 to 90keV and at 550 keV. Using a neutron time-of-flight method with a 1.5-ns pulsed neutron source by the ⁷Li(p, n)⁷Be reaction, the measurement was performed by detecting prompt γ rays from an enriched capture sample with a large anti-Compton Nal(Tl) spectrometer. A pulse-height weighting technique was applied to observed capture γ-ray pulse-height spectra to extract capture yields. The capture cross sections were derived with the error of about 5% by using the standard capture cross sections of ¹⁹⁷Au. The present results were compared with the evaluated values of ENDF/B-VI and the previous measurement. The present measurement at 550 keV was the first one. The capture γ-ray spectra were obtained by unfolding the observed capture γ-ray pulse-height spectra. An anomalous shoulder was clearly observed around 3 MeV in the γ-ray spectra and the energy position of the shoulder was consistent with the systematics obtained in our previous work. The multiplicities of the observed γ rays were derived from the γ-ray spectra.     

Ring chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes induced by 5-20 Gy carbon ion irradiation

<正>In this paper,we study the biological response induced by heavy ions irradiation of high dose,human peripheral blood lymphocytes are irradiated in vitro by the carbon ions of LET=35 keV/μm,and the chromosome aberrations at absorbed doses of 0-20 Gy are analyzed by the calyculin A-induced premature chromosome condensation(PCC).The frequencies of PCC-rings at the stage of G2/M-phase increase steeply with radiation doses up to 20 Gy at a rate of 0.017 Gy~(-1).The G2-PCC index remains more than 5%up to 15 Gy,and 3%after 20 Gy,this is high enough to score a substantial number of chromosome spreads without dose-rate effect.The results show that the calyculin A-induced PCC technique is suitable for analyzing the chromosome damage induced by carbon ions irradiation of high dose.     

Eu活化过渡法测量绝对热中子注量率

在相同条件下，以不同时间辐照Ａｕ箔和Ｅｕ箔，用γ谱仪测量＾１９８Ａｕ的４１１ｋｅＶγ射面积和＾１５２Ｅｕ的４１１ｋｅＶγ峰面积，再通过４πβ－γ符合装置测得金箔的绝对中子注量率，根据两者的峰面积之比和测得的Ａｕ箔绝对中子注量率，求得＾１５３Ｅｕ的４１１ｋｅＶγ峰面积对应的中子注量率。     

铀基体中~(237)U208keV γ射线发射率的精确测定

运用高比放射性177Lu及主要γ射线能量(208.3664keV)与237U208.000keVγ射线的高度近似性,对U样品中208keVγ射线发射率测量中的自吸收效应,进行了校正。通过测量几何的安排,使级联γ射线的合峰效应可忽略。此法可用于高原子序数物质中低能γ射线发射率的测定。