分子印迹材料研究进展及其在环境科学领域中的应用

分子印迹技术常被形象地描绘为制造识别"分子钥匙"的"人工锁"的技术。分子印迹聚合物由于对目标分子有很好的选择性和吸附能力,因此得到了非常迅速的发展。本文主要介绍了分子印迹技术的原理,分子印迹聚合物的制备方法和过程,分子印迹技术的发展以及分子印迹技术在环境科学领域中的应用。     

磁性分子印迹聚合物在食品安全检测中的应用

磁性分子印迹聚合物是将分子印迹技术与磁性材料相结合制备的物质。分子印迹技术是一种新型高效分离及分子识别技术,具有特异的识别性和选择性;而磁性材料又具有超顺磁性,能在外加磁场的作用下将其从溶液中快速分离,还可以通过共聚或表面修饰等途径使其表面有多种反应官能团,以吸附或共价键合的方式与目标分子相结合。两者结合后制备的磁性分子印迹聚合物,兼备了磁性材料和分子印迹聚合物的共同优点,具有特异的识别性和选择性,同时也避免了分子印迹聚合物需要离心或抽滤才能从溶液中分离出来的缺点,具有快速分离的特点。本文重点综述了磁性分子印迹聚合物的制备方法及其优缺点,以及磁性分子印迹聚合物在食品中的农药残留、生物医药残留和兽药残留等方面的检测应用及其研究进展。     

分子印迹技术在致病菌检测中的应用进展

分子印迹技术是一种模拟酶-底物或抗体-抗原之间的相互作用,以目标物为模板,合成具有专一识别性能的人工受体的技术。前期研究对象多为农药、兽药等有机小分子及蛋白质类生物大分子。近年来,研究已拓展到超大“分子”——细胞,特别是细菌印迹在致病菌快速检测领域应用前景广阔。本文介绍了分子印迹技术的原理、细菌印迹模板的选择及印迹聚合物的制备方法,并总结了分子印迹技术在致病菌检测中的应用,并对其应用前景做出了展望。     

金属离子印迹技术

分子印迹技术以特定的目标分子为模板分子,通过交联聚合,合成对该目标分子有特异选择性结合的聚合物。文中重点介绍了金属离子印迹技术,包括基本原理、各种制备方法及其优缺点;总结了分子印迹技术在生物学、分析化学、天然产物化学、医药及染整废水处理等领域的应用进行情况。     

分子印迹技术在水产品质量安全检测中的应用研究进展

分子印迹技术是以目标分子为模板,合成对目标分子有专一性识别性能的高分子聚合物的技术。由于分子印迹聚合物具有构效预定性、特异识别性的优点,能够解决传统样品前处理和分析测定中存在的非特异性吸附问题,广泛应用于生物样品中药物的分离、提纯和分析。本文综述了分子印迹技术的原理以及在水产品质量安全检测方面的应用进展,主要包括分子印迹技术在水产品样品前处理和分析测定过程中的应用。与传统的样品前处理技术相比,将分子印迹技术与样品前处理技术相结合,具有更好的选择性、重复性和实用性,提高了灵敏度。本文对分子印迹技术存在的不足以及在水产品质量安全检测中应用领域的发展方向作出展望。     

分子印迹技术在中药成分分离纯化中的应用

分子印迹技术具有分子识别性强、选择性高、溶剂消耗量小等特点,在中药现代研究中展现了良好的应用前景。本文就分子印迹技术的原理、特点及其在中药领域中的应用做一阐述。     

分子印迹仿生传感器及其在食品安全检测中的应用

分子印迹技术是仿照抗原-抗体、酶-底物间特异性的结合作用来制备对特定分子具有选择识别能力聚合物的1种有效的化学合成手段。在传感领域,分子印迹聚合物正逐渐成为生物大分子材料的替代品,作为传感器的识别元件,从而克服传统的生物传感器的不足,构建具有环境稳定性好,制备成本低的分子印迹仿生传感器。本文介绍分子印迹技术的基本原理以及分子印迹仿生传感器的制备方法,并对其在食品安全检测领域中的应用进行评述。     

分子模拟在分子印迹技术中的应用研究

分子印迹技术应用到食品安全检测领域(农药与兽药残留检测),正成为国内外研究的热点,而分子模拟应用于分子印迹技术,可优化功能单体的筛选、分子识别机理的研究、印迹体系等几个方面。     

分子印迹-适配体技术在食品安全检测中的研究进展

食品安全对人体健康和生态系统都至关重要，构建快速、便捷、准确、灵敏的检测方法，对于保护人类健康和维护生态平衡具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。分子印迹聚合物作为人工合成的化学受体，可以高亲和力选择性地识别目标分子。适配体是长度为10～50个核苷酸的单链DNA(ssDNA)或RNA，可以针对不同的目标分子进行筛选，易于化学修饰。两者结合的分子印迹-适配体技术具有灵敏度高、选择性高、检测限低、抗干扰性强等优点。本文评述了近年来分子印迹-适配体双重识别技术在食品安全检测中的应用，着重介绍不同分子印迹-适配体传感器对非法添加剂、过敏原、真菌霉素、杀虫剂和兽药的检测进展，并且简要阐述了各种修饰材料的优点、局限性和分子印迹-适配体技术发展前景。     

用于食品药品分析检测的新型分子印迹聚合物的研究进展

分子印迹聚合物（molecularly imprinted polymers,MIPs）具有构效预定性、特定识别性、化学稳定性和广泛适用性等优点,近年来在食品检验、化学分析、药物分离和检测等领域得到了广泛应用。本文系统介绍了分子印迹基础理论和表面分子印迹技术,对用于食品药品分析检测的新型MIPs做了详细综述,并对其发展趋势进行了展望。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.