一种快速检测食用油中黄曲霉毒素B1的胶体金试剂板的研制

为建立用于快速检测粮油样品中黄曲霉毒素B1药物残留含量的胶体金免疫层析检测试剂,采用免疫竞争法,将抗黄曲霉毒素B1单克隆抗体-胶体金复合物包被在微孔中,并将人工合成的黄曲霉毒素B1抗原包被在硝酸纤维素膜(NC膜)表面作为检测线(T线).待测样品中的黄曲霉毒素B1残留物将与NC膜上的黄曲霉毒素B1抗原竞争结合胶体金标记的抗黄曲霉毒素B1单克隆抗体,并以颜色直观显示检测结果.检测食用油样品时,灵敏度可达到0.5 μg/L,仅需20 min.试验证明该检测试剂具有较高的灵敏度及很好的特异性,操作便捷,稳定可靠,可作为黄曲霉毒素B1残留现场监控的有效快速筛检手段.     

黄曲霉毒素B_1标准替代物的制备及其在花生样品检测中的应用

以抗黄曲霉毒素B1（AFB1）单克隆抗体的F（ab＇）2片段为抗原免疫兔子,得到AFB1抗独特型抗体。经过酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）条件的优化,建立AFB1抗独特型抗体最佳竞争抑制曲线。该曲线与AFB1竞争抑制曲线相比较可知,AFB1抗独特型抗体与AFB1之间存在指数增长关系,且相关性系数R为0.999 8。以AFB1抗独特型抗体浓度与其相应的抑制率作标准曲线,ELISA法测定花生中AFB1添加回收率,范围在90.4%～100.2%之间。综上,AFB1抗独特型抗体可以作为AFB1无毒替代标准品。     

基于氧化石墨烯的荧光适配体传感器检测食品中真菌毒素

目的：利用核酸适配体（aptamer,APT）和氧化石墨烯（graphene oxide,GO）组装一种基于荧光共振能量转移原理的荧光适体传感器,用于两种真菌毒素的同时检测。方法：GO通过π-π堆积作用将荧光标记的黄曲霉毒素B1（aflatoxin B1,AFB1）APT1和伏马毒素B1（fumonisin B1,FB1）APT2吸附在其表面。由于荧光共振能量转移效应,APT上荧光基团的荧光被GO猝灭;当向溶液中加入靶标AFB1和FB1时,APT1和APT2分别与AFB1和FB1结合,从GO中游离出来,恢复荧光。结果：该传感器为AFB1和FB1的荧光检测提供快速、灵敏的方法,AFB1的检出限为0.15?ng/mL,FB1的检出限为0.12?ng/mL。同时对白酒样品进行加标回收实验,回收率分别为92.00%～100.81%（AFB1）和89.00%～99.50%（FB1）。结论：本研究构建的荧光APT传感器用于两种真菌毒素的同时检测具有高灵敏度和特异性,同时该APT传感器同样适用于其他真菌毒素的多重检测。     

胶体金免疫层析法快速检测黄曲霉毒素B1的研究

本文应用胶体金免疫层析技术,建立了一种快速检测食品中黄曲霉毒素B1的方法。采用柠檬酸三钠还原法制备胶体金颗粒,标记抗黄曲霉毒素B1单克隆抗体并喷于玻璃纤维上,黄曲霉毒素B1偶联抗原和二抗鼠抗驴分别结合于硝酸纤维膜上,依次将样本垫、胶金垫、硝酸纤维膜和吸水纸组装切割成胶体金试纸条并装入检测卡中。测试结果表明黄曲霉毒素B1快速检测试纸条的灵敏度为5ng/ml,检测时间为10min,批内和批间重复性为100%,假阳性率和假阴性率均为0。使用简单方便,非常适合现场快速检测黄曲霉毒素B1。     

同时检测玉米中黄曲霉毒素B1和赭曲霉毒素A的时间分辨荧光免疫层析试纸条的研制

研究制备了一种可同时快速定量检测黄曲霉毒素B1 (aflatoxin B1,AFB1)和赭曲霉毒素A(ochratoxin A,OTA)的二联时间分辨荧光免疫层析试纸条.采用铕系时间分辨荧光微球分别标记AFB1和OTA单克隆抗体,优化荧光微球活化pH值、标记的抗体浓度、荧光探针使用量、检测线包被原浓度、质控线羊抗鼠Ig...     

磁分离结合CdTe发光量子点标记黄曲霉毒素B1免疫检测新方法

将发光量子点标记技术与磁分离富集技术相结合,基于竞争免疫分析,成功构建了黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)免疫检测新方法。首先合成了巯基丙酸包覆的CdTe发光量子点,同时采用水热法合成了氨基化磁性纳米粒子,通过TEM成像、荧光光谱、XRD、红外光谱等分别对其进行了表征。随后以AFB1人工抗原功能化磁性纳米粒子作为捕获探针,以发光量子点标记免疫球蛋白G(二抗)作为信号探针,基于磁性纳米粒子表面AFB1人工抗原和样品中AFB1与AFB1单克隆抗体之间的竞争免疫结合,建立了AFB1新型检测方法。实验优化条件下,荧光强度与黄曲霉毒素B1质量浓度在0.1~100 ng/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系,检测限为0.03 ng/mL。实际样品中加标回收实验结果表明,新方法准确性良好。     

高效液相色谱法同时检测粮食中常见8 种真菌毒素的含量

建立免疫亲和柱净化-高效液相色谱法同时测定粮食中黄曲霉毒素B1（aflatoxins,AFB1）、黄曲霉毒素B2（AFB2）、黄曲霉毒素G1（AFG1）、黄曲霉毒素G2（AFG2）、赭曲霉毒素A（ochratoxin A,OTA）、玉米赤霉烯酮（zearalenone,ZEN）、呕吐毒素（deoxynivalenol,DON）和T-2毒素的检测方法。样品经乙腈-水提取后,用免疫亲和柱净化,Agilent Elipse Plus C18（100 mm×4 mm,3.5 μm）色谱柱分离,以甲醇-乙腈-水-乙酸为流动相,流速1 mL/min,柱温35 ℃,进样量20 μL,检测系统为可变波长检测器串联光化学衍生器串联荧光检测器。根据信噪比为3的峰响应值,确定各真菌毒素的检出限为：AFB1 0.446 ng/mL、AFB2 0.152 ng/mL、AFG1 0.523 ng/mL、AFG2 0.334 ng/mL、ZEN 7 ng/mL、OTA 0.7 ng/mL、DON 200 ng/mL、T-2毒素100 ng/mL。样品中各真菌毒素的平均加标回收率,玉米为80.0%～104.5%,小麦为83.2%～102.8%,方法精密度为2.6%～10.2%。从样品前处理到分析整个过程耗时约2 h。本方法简便、快速、灵敏度高,适用于粮食中多种真菌毒素的快速测定。     

基于核酸适配体的侧流层析技术同步检测赭曲霉毒素A和黄曲霉毒素B1

由于简单、低成本和快速的特点,侧流层析分析技术被广泛应用于食品、饲料和农产品中真菌毒素的检测。本实验基于适配体与靶标物特异性结合的原理,建立了基于适配体互补链同时检测赭曲霉毒素A（Ochratoxin A, OTA）和黄曲霉毒素B1（Aflatoxin B1, AFB1）两种真菌毒素的荧光多残留试纸条,通过优化两种适配体的浓度以及缓冲体系的PH值,提高了共同检测OTA和AFB1的灵敏度和准确性。OTA和AFB1的T线（TO和TA）和C线荧光强度比值与对应真菌毒素的浓度对数具有良好的线性关系,线性范围为0.5~50 ng/mL,相关系数r2分别为0.9887和0.9910,检出限低至0.51和0.38 ng/mL。通过对花生和葡萄干进行加标回收和实际样品检测,使用多残留试纸条检测的OTA和AFB1的回收率分别为82.06%~109.69%和83.34%~110.06%,相对标准偏差（Relative Standard Deviation, RSD）为1.89%~8.17%,检测结果与高效液相色谱-串联质谱法（HPLC-MS/MS）一致。该生物传感器可以在20 min内同时检测OTA和AFB1,并且具有成本低、检测速度快和易于操作等优点,可以满足花生和葡萄干等实际样品中OTA和AFB1残留量的现场快速检测的要求,为真菌毒素多残留检测提供理论依据和技术支撑。     

铜绿假单胞菌M19降解黄曲霉毒素B1的产物研究（网络首发、推荐阅读）

以实验室筛选保藏的黄曲霉毒素B1（Aflatoxin B1,AFB1）降解菌M19产生的降解酶PADE为对象,对其AFB1降解液进行薄层色谱及荧光光谱分析（LC-MS）,分析降解产物可能的结构变化,并利用液相质谱检测AFB1降解产物。薄层色谱检测结果：有机相和水相降解液均未检测到新的荧光吸收物质,表明降解产物没有荧光吸收;荧光光谱检测结果：AFB1降解产物的荧光明显减弱;液相质谱检测结果：发现质荷比为227.18的物质P。结果推断：AFB1降解过程中内酯键断裂,产生一个分子量为226的降解产物P,利用Xcalibur软件分析其分子式为C14H10O3,并根据AFB1降解后的LC-MS图谱分析以及AFB1降解产物的相关文献对降解途径进行假设。     

总黄曲霉毒素ELISA定量检测方法的研制

为敏感、特异和快速地检测食品中总黄曲霉毒素的污染水平,在抗总黄曲霉毒素单克隆抗体的基础上,研制了间接竞争ELISA检测方法,包被抗原为AFB1-BSA,包被量为0.0625μgml,抗体工作浓度为1:1.6×106。该方法对黄曲霉毒素B+G标准品的最低检出浓度为0.13ngml,对样品的最低检出量为1.50μgkg。校正曲线的线性范围为0.26～20.00ngml,线性方程y=-0.4463x+0.3532(R2=0.9915);对黄曲霉毒素B+G50%的抑制浓度为2.08ngml;对玉米2个加标水平的平均回收率分别为94.56%和112.05%,对花生2个加标水平的平均回收率分别为87.50%和85.60%。该方法所用抗总黄曲霉毒素单克隆抗体对黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2的交叉反应率分别为100%、57.5%、104%和19%,与其它真菌毒素无交叉反应。     

量子点标记荧光免疫法检测花生中黄曲霉毒素B_1

建立了基于量子点标记二抗的间接竞争荧光免疫吸附测定方法（indirect competitive fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay,cFLISA）,并研究检测花生中黄曲霉毒素B1的可行性。采用谷胱甘肽为稳定剂,在水相中直接合成碲化镉（CdTe）量子点,并利用1-（3-二甲氨基丙基）-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐（EDC）与兔抗鼠二抗进行共价偶联,以黄曲霉毒素B1的单克隆抗体建立cFLISA方法。结果表明,该方法的灵敏度和最低检测限值分别为0.023ng/mL和0.001ng/mL,与传统的有机染料FITC-二抗法比较,灵敏度提高了30倍,花生样品加标0.1、0.05和0.025ng/g,回收率范围在88%～116%之间,变异系数均小于10%。建立的cFLISA方法可以较好的检测花生中黄曲霉毒素B1,并为其它真菌毒素的检测提供参考。     

胶体金免疫层析法联检食品中5 种典型沙门氏菌模型的建立和优化

采用胶体金标记抗沙门氏菌单克隆抗体,将沙门氏菌单克隆抗体和驴抗鼠抗体（二抗）喷涂于硝酸纤维膜上分别作为检测线和质控线,研制能联检5 种典型沙门氏菌（甲型副伤寒沙门氏菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、猪霍乱沙门氏菌、肠炎沙门氏菌、鸭沙门氏菌）的胶体金免疫层析试纸条。结果表明,该试纸条能达到同时检测5 种沙门氏菌的目的,其中甲型副伤寒沙门氏菌的检测灵敏度最高,为105 CFU/mL;鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、猪霍乱沙门氏菌、肠炎沙门氏菌和鸭沙门氏菌的检测灵敏度为106 CFU/mL。沙门氏菌加入量为10～100 CFU时,增菌16～20 h,该试纸条能够检测出牛奶、鸡蛋样本中的5 种沙门氏菌。本实验研制的试纸条能快速高效地联检食品中5 种典型的沙门氏菌,特异性高、灵敏度好,在对多种沙门氏菌进行联检方面有很重要的应用价值。     

时间分辨荧光免疫层析试纸条在油料饼粕黄曲霉毒素B_1检测中的应用

采用黄曲霉毒素时间分辨荧光免疫层析试纸条及配套的时间分辨荧光速测仪,对油料饼粕中黄曲霉毒素B1的快速检测进行了应用研究。该时间分辨荧光免疫分析技术是基于时间分辨荧光免疫层析试纸条和载有Eu（Ⅲ）标记特异性单克隆抗体的样品瓶建立的检测技术。时间分辨荧光速测仪可内置标准曲线,直接输出检测结果。对6种油料饼粕做黄曲霉毒素B1添加回收率实验,回收率在70%~120%之间,批间、批内变异系数〈15%。在实际样品的检测中,时间分辨荧光免疫层析试纸条检测技术与液相色谱-串联质谱法相比,检测结果相对误差〈15%。时间分辨荧光免疫层析试纸条检测技术测定快速、准确,技术稳定、可靠,设备经济、小型,适用于大批量油料饼粕样品的快速检测和风险评估。     

Colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic test strip for rapid detection of abrin in food samples

In the present study, we developed a convenient, rapid, and sensitive immunochromatographic (IC) test strip to detect abrin in assay buffer and spiked abrin in test food samples. The abrin IC test strip was based on a sandwich format consisting of a monoclonal antibody and a polyclonal antibody. The anti-abrin A chain monoclonal antibody from mice was immobilized on a porous nitrocellulose membrane as a capture antibody, while the anti-abrin polyclonal antibody from rabbits was conjugated to colloidal gold particles, serving as a detection antibody. Both visual observation and quantitative analysis indicated that the lower detection of the strip was about 3 ng/ml when abrin was directly spiked into milk, orange juice, and drinking water at a concentration of 3 to 60 ng/ml; the analytical recovery rate was 92.2 to 128%. With this method, abrin spiked into food could be detected in less than 10 min. Moreover, the IC test strip showed no cross-reaction with the closely related phytotoxin ricin. Therefore, our test strip is an ideal candidate for the development of a kit for rapid and quantitative detection of abrin in food samples.     

Development of a Simultaneous Lateral Flow Strip Test for the Rapid and Simple Detection of Deoxynivalenol and Zearalenone

The objective of this study was to develop a 1‐step simultaneous lateral flow strip test for the rapid and simple detection of deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA) in grains. Two monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against DON and ZEA were respectively conjugated with gold nanoparticles and used to develop a lateral flow strip test for a single toxin and multiple toxins. First, individual lateral flow strips for a single toxin were optimized, and their conditions were used to develop a simultaneous lateral flow strip for multiple toxins. Limits of detection of both lateral flow strip tests for DON and ZEA were the same (DON: 50 ng/mL, ZEA: 1 ng/mL). Both methods showed cross‐reactivity for α‐zearalenol and β‐zearalenol, but no cross‐reaction to other mycotoxins. The results can be completed obtained within 15 min. The cut‐off values of the simultaneous lateral flow strip for the spiked rice and corn were 500 and 10 ng/g for DON and ZEA, respectively. The results demonstrated that the developed simultaneous lateral flow strip test offers a rapid, easy‐to‐use, and portable analytical system and can be used as a convenient qualitative tool for the on‐site detection of DON and ZEA in food and agricultural commodities.     

双甲脒胶体金免疫快速检测试纸条研制及其在蜂蜜中的应用

目的 基于胶体金免疫层析原理研制双甲脒快速检测试纸条,评价其在蜂蜜检测中的应用效果。方法 使用双甲脒-BSA偶联物作为人工抗原免疫小鼠获得单克隆抗体,制备胶体金微孔试剂,使用双甲脒-OVA偶联物和羊抗鼠IgG抗体分别作为试纸条的检测线和控制线,并对蜂蜜样品进行添加检测。结果研制的试纸条可以定性检测蜂蜜中双甲脒的残留,对蜂蜜中双甲脒的检测限为0.2mg/kg,检测用时约25min,,与双甲脒功能和结构相似的其他药物时无交叉反应,特异性较好。结论 本试验研制的试纸条适用于蜂场现场快速检测以及基层实验室中大量样本的筛查,为蜂蜜中抗生素残留控制提供有效监管手段。     

Time-resolved fluorescent immunochromatographic assay-based on three antibody labels for the simultaneous detection of aflatoxin B1 and zearalenone in Chinese herbal medicines

ABSTRACT

A time-resolved fluorescent immunochromatographic assay (TRFICA) was successfully developed for the sensitive, simultaneous, and quantitative detection of aflatoxin B₁ (AFB1) and zearalenone (ZEN) in Chinese herbal medicines. Eu-nanospheres (EuNPs) with unique optical properties increased the stability and sensitivity of the immunochromatographic assay. To obtain stable quantitative results, we applied a three-label system in which monoclonal antibodies for AFB1 and ZEN were conjugated to the EuNPs as detection probes on the test line (T line), and EuNP-labelled chicken IgY conjugates acted as the reference on the control line (C line). The fluorescence intensities of the T and C lines were recorded, and the T/C ratio was employed as the quantitative signal for the elimination of strip variation and matrix effects. The parameters that affected the TRFICA were optimised. Under optimal conditions, the established TRFICA gave good linear ranges from 0.60 μg/kg to 3.92 μg/kg for AFB1 and from 0.40 μg/kg to 1.28 μg/kg for ZEN. The limits of detection for AFB1 and ZEN were as low as 0.60 and 0.40 μg/kg, respectively, in Chinese herbal medicines Semen coicis, Rhizoma dioscoreae, and Platycodon grandiflorus, respectively. The average recoveries of the spiked samples were 73%–95% for AFB1 and 75.83%–90% for ZEN, both with a relative standard deviation of < 9.08%. The results of 15 actual samples detected by the developed TRFICA showed a satisfactory correlation with those of ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Therefore, the TRFICA is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach to quantitatively detect mycotoxins in Chinese herbal medicines.