红枣多糖水解工艺优化及其产物吸湿性能、保湿性能研究

以还原糖得率为指标,研究了水解时间、水解温度和硫酸浓度对红枣多糖水解的影响,在单因素试验的基础上采用正交试验优化红枣多糖水解的工艺条件;对水解产物的吸湿性能和保湿性能进行研究,并考察主要水解产物还原糖含量与其吸湿性能和保湿性能之间的相关性.结果表明:红枣多糖水解的最佳工艺条件为水解时间120 min,水解温度70℃,硫酸浓度0.15 mol/L,在此条件下还原糖得率为97.56%;红枣多糖水解产物具有较强的吸湿性和保湿性,相同条件下与甘油差异不显著;水解产物的吸湿性能、保湿性能与还原糖含量均呈正向线性相关,且线性相关系数分别为0.905和0.919.红枣多糖水解产物在食品、化妆品生产领域有很好的应用前景.     

香蕉皮多糖提取条件研究

以香蕉皮为原料,提取其中具有明显抑癌活性的物质--香蕉皮多糖,通过单因子实验结合正交试验研究了香蕉皮多糖的最优提取条件,并通过凝胶渗透色谱分析了香蕉皮多糖的分子量分布。实验结果表明:香蕉皮粗多糖的最佳提取条件为:以水为提取剂,料液比1:20,80℃加热提取4次,每次提取时间1.5h。在最佳提取条件下,香蕉皮粗多糖的得率为4.25%。经凝胶渗透色谱分析测定,所得香蕉皮多糖的数均分子量和重均分子量分别为427540和433160,分散度1.013,表明香蕉皮中所含多糖分子量分布较集中,为窄分布。     

香蕉皮多糖的提取及其体外抗氧化性作用研究

以动物、植物油脂为底物,以过氧化值为指标,对香蕉皮多糖的提取及其抗氧化性能做了初步研究。结果表明：香蕉皮多糖对植物油脂均有显著的抗氧化性,可以有效地延缓油脂氧化反应;其抗氧化效果随其用量的增加而加强;香蕉皮多糖与酒石酸、柠檬酸和VC复配后,对花生油有较好的抗氧化协同增效作用,其中增效作用的顺序为：VC〉柠檬酸〉酒石酸。     

绿色巴夫藻多糖及降解产品的抗氧化和保湿性能

测定绿色巴夫藻多糖PPS0及其降解产物PPS1和PPS2的理化性质,包括总糖含量、硫酸基含量、糖醛酸含量以及平均分子质量,考察各组分多糖的总抗氧化能力、吸湿性和保湿性,分析其理化性质与生物活性的相关性。结果表明:绿色巴夫藻多糖降解产物的抗氧化活性明显高于原多糖,与抗氧化活性极强的VC相近。各组分多糖的抗氧化活性与分子质量大小成反比,与其糖醛酸含量呈正比。PPS0、PPS1和PPS2都呈现良好的的吸湿性和保湿性,分子质量大小对多糖的保湿和吸湿功能有显著影响(P<0.05),高分子质量多糖的效果优于低分子质量,其中组分PPS0的最大吸湿率为47.80%,最大保湿率可达70.63%。绿色巴夫藻多糖的吸湿性和保湿性均明显优于多糖类天然添加剂壳聚糖(P<0.05)。     

护手霜流变性能研究

为得到护手霜的黏度评价参数,以便为改进护手霜生产工艺提供参考指标,借助AR—2000ex流变仪,通过黏度与剪切速率及振荡实验,研究了护手霜流变性能.实验结果表明,在低剪切速率区间护手霜黏度下降趋势明显,在高剪切速率区间黏度值较低并趋于定值;在小于2.0%的应变区间内,护手霜处于线性黏弹区.储能模量G'在整个实验过程中单调下降,耗能模量G″先升高、后下降,其最大值为308.4 Pa.     

海黍子褐藻糖胶的分离及抗氧化与保湿活性

采用酸提法从海黍子中提取得到海黍子粗多糖,经60%醇沉得褐藻糖胶粗多糖,经去褐藻酸、蛋白质及小分子等杂质后,通过epherose-6B分级纯化得到三个组分(SKP1,SKP2和SKP3),其相对分子质量分别为837,271和610k Da。对其结构组成及抗氧化与保湿活性进行测定,结果表明:三种多糖均是硫酸化多糖,均主要由不同比例的岩藻糖、半乳糖和甘露糖组成,另含有少量的阿拉伯糖、木糖和鼠李糖等;三种多糖还原能力与VC接近,且均表现出明显的清除自由基活性,且活性大小与相对分子质量和糖醛酸含量成反比,与硫酸基含量成正比;SKP1和SKP2的吸湿活性分别高出透明质酸钠22.32%和2.38%,三种褐藻糖胶的保湿率分别比甘油大35.88%,27.96%和22.31%,且随相对分子质量越大,保湿与吸湿活性越大。     

菌类多糖保湿凝胶剂的制备工艺研究

制备菌类多糖保湿凝胶剂。提取五种菌类多糖,在恒温恒湿条件下进行多糖吸湿保湿性测定,并进行质量评定。结果表明,香菇多糖保湿性较好,银耳多糖吸湿性较好;复配时香菇与银耳质量比1∶2时,吸湿保湿性相对较好;所制备凝胶剂pH、黏度、稳定性试验、耐寒耐热试验、刺激性试验均符合规定。     

葛仙米活性成分的提取及护肤性能的研究

为了研究葛仙米活性成分的护肤性能,探究葛仙米的水提物、醇提物和多糖的防晒性、保湿性以及抗氧化性的性能。结果表明,葛仙米的活性成分均具有防晒、保湿以及抗氧化性的护肤功效。三种提取物中,葛仙米的水提物的吸收紫外线的能力、保湿性以及对DPPH的清除能力最强;多糖的保湿性与葛仙米水提物差别不大,但是其防晒性与抗氧化性都比较弱;醇提物的保湿性较差,但是防晒性和抗氧化性优于多糖。     

响应面法优化虎斑乌贼内脏多糖提取工艺及抗氧化活性、吸湿保湿性能研究

本文以虎斑乌贼内脏为原料,采用Box-Benhken设计优化盐法提取多糖工艺,并对其体外抗氧化活性和吸湿-保湿性能进行研究。结果表明:虎斑乌贼内脏多糖盐法提取最佳工艺条件为:NaCl浓度2.9%,料液比1:30 (g/mL),提取时间1.8 h,提取温度 80 ℃,在此条件下多糖得率为1.08%。红外光谱分析表明该多糖结构含有α-型糖苷键连接的吡喃型葡聚糖。抗氧化活性显示该多糖具有一定的还原能力,对羟基自由基(·OH)、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基(DPPH·)和2,2'-联氨-双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二胺盐自由基(ABTS+·)均具有一定的清除效果,清除率与多糖浓度呈正相关。尤其是对ABTS自由基清除效果最佳,当多糖浓度为1.0 mg/mL时清除率可达到80%。吸湿保湿结果显示,该多糖的吸湿保湿性能优于常规的保湿剂壳聚糖和聚乙二醇6000。上述结果表明,盐提得到的虎斑乌贼内脏多糖具有天然抗氧化活性和吸湿保湿性能,在功能性食品、药品和化妆品领域具有一定的应用潜力。     

拟目乌贼生殖腺碱提多糖的抗氧化及吸湿保湿特性

以拟目乌贼生殖腺为材料,采用碱法提取多糖,并对其抗氧化活性和吸湿保湿性进行研究。结果表明：拟目乌贼生殖腺碱提多糖最佳工艺为NaOH溶液浓度0.3 mol/L、料液比1∶40（g/mL）、提取时间3 h、提取温度80 ℃,此条件下多糖得率为7.697%。拟目乌贼生殖腺碱提多糖具有良好的抗氧化活性,对羟自由基和1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基具有较好的清除效果,清除率与多糖质量浓度呈正相关。拟目乌贼生殖腺碱提多糖的吸湿性能高于壳聚糖、聚乙二醇6000等常规保湿剂,保湿性能和壳聚糖、聚乙二醇6000、丙三醇接近;吸湿保湿能力均高于翡翠贻贝多糖、近江牡蛎多糖等海洋动物多糖。综上表明,拟目乌贼生殖腺碱提多糖作为天然的抗氧化剂和保湿剂具有一定的应用前景。     

罗非鱼皮胶原蛋白肽在润肤霜中的应用及性能评价

本研究采用酶解法从罗非鱼皮中提取胶原蛋白肽,并对其基本成分、分子量分布、抗氧化活性、保湿性以及紫外吸收性能进行考察和分析,同时将提取到的罗非鱼皮肽与羧甲基壳聚糖按不同比例进行复配,应用到润肤霜中并进行性能评价。结果表明:酶解法所提取的罗非鱼皮肽蛋白质含量为94.75%,罗非鱼皮肽中分子量小于1000 Da的组分高达82.27%,平均分子量为614 Da,对OH-、DPPH·、O₂-·、清除率的IC₅₀值分别为5.34、5.03、7.63 mg/mL,且具有良好的保湿效果,并对UBC和UVB波段的紫外线有吸收;所制备的润肤霜具有良好的保水和体外抗氧化活性以及防晒功效,其感官和理化指标符合国家润肤霜产品质量标准规定,其中RFS-4的综合效果最佳。通过裸鼠在体皮肤刺激性实验和抗皮肤光老化实验,对比不同组别裸鼠皮肤表征情况,结果表明:自制润肤霜安全无刺激并具有较好的抗皮肤光老化作用。本研究为罗非鱼皮肽在抗光老化日化产品的开发利用提供科学的理论基础。     

Characterization of pectin extracted from banana peels of different varieties

Pectins were extracted from banana peels of five different varieties using citric acid solution. The chemical characteristics of banana peel pectins were investigated and compared with citrus peel and apple pomace pectins which were extracted under the same extraction conditions to assess the potential of banana peels as an alternative source of commercial pectin. The yield of banana peel pectins ranged from 15.89 to 24.08%. The extracted banana peel pectins were categorized as high methoxyl pectin with the degree of esterification between 63.15 and 72.03% comparable to those of conventional pectin sources from citrus peel (62.83%) and apple pomace (58.44%). The anhydrouronic acid (AUA) content of banana peel pectins varied from 34.56 to 66.67%. Among various banana varieties being studied, pectin from Kluai Nam Wa variety had the highest AUA content (66.67%) which met the criteria for food additive pectin indicating its commercial significance as an alternative pectin source.     

柑橘皮黄酮降血糖作用的研究

研究了柑橘皮黄酮对四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病小鼠的降血糖作用,并探讨了其部分作用机制。结果表明：给药10 d后,中、高剂量组的柑橘皮黄酮能极显著降低糖尿病小鼠的血清血糖值,提高其胸腺指数和脾指数,增强血清及肝脏中SOD活性,抑制MDA的产生,降低血浆中TG、TC和LDL-C含量,提高HDL-C含量,说明增强机体免疫力、抗氧化作用和改善脂代谢紊乱可能是柑橘皮黄酮降血糖的作用机制之一,为柑橘皮的开发利用提供理论依据。     

Moisturizing effect of alcohol-based hand rub containing okra polysaccharide

A natural, moisturizing alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR) containing okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) polysaccharide was formulated to reduce the dryness caused by traditional hand-cleansing products. The ABHR developed also reduced infectious disease transmission. Preliminary evaluations of the stable natural hand hygiene preparations were conducted to determine preference and short-term moisturizing efficacy in volunteers. Formulations contained varying amounts of gelling agent (0.5% and 0.3% w/v). Accelerated stability testing using a centrifugation assay and six heating/cooling cycles of the ABHR bases were performed. Then, okra polysaccharide (5%, 7%, 10% and 15% w/w) was incorporated into the base, and stability tests were repeated. The moisturizing okra polysaccharide was compatible with the formulations at all concentrations. All of the formulated ABHRs were stable. Sensory evaluation was conducted in 36 volunteers. The two most preferred okra ABHRs were patch-tested in 12 volunteers; results indicated none of the preparations caused irritation. Efficacy of the most preferred moisturizing ABHR containing 0.3% gelling agent and 10% (w/v) okra extract was determined. Short-term moisturizing efficacy of a single application was examined in 20 volunteers. The okra ABHR hydrated skin significantly better than a control ABHR (P < 0.005) at 30 min after application. Skin moisture was retained for 210 min of the observation period. Thus, the ABHR product containing moisturizing okra is safe, efficacious and possesses desirable properties. The formulation can be applied every 3 h for good hand hygiene with moisturizing efficacy.     

Changes in surface configuration of the skin caused by ageing and application of cosmetics: three-dimensional analysis according to a new system based on image analysis and Fourier transformation

The surface configuration of the skin, as characterized by surface furrows and plateaux, is known to change with ageing and skin condition. There have been many attempts to analyse the surface configuration in order to evaluate the effect of skin care products. However, the systems proposed up to now are insufficient to obtain three-dimensional data.
A system based on image analysis and Fourier transformation has been developed. By using this system, we can make a quick and quantitative analysis of the three-dimensional surface configuration of the skin. This system was applied to measure changes in the surface configuration with ageing, and to clarify the effects of cosmetic cream.
As a result, it was found that the furrows become less clear, become parallel in one direction and the texture becomes coarse and irregular, as ageing continues. These changes are believed to correspond to deterioration of the metabolic and moisturizing functions of the skin.
It was also found that the furrows become clear and the texture becomes finer after the application of cream than before. This is believed to be the result of the improvement of the skin condition due to the moisturizing effect of the cream.     

Kinetics of moisturizing and firming effects of cosmetic formulations

The assessment of cosmetic efficacy is rarely performed in studies comparing different concentrations of active compounds. The aim of the present study was to determine the skin hydrating and the skin firming dose-response effects of cosmetic formulations enriched in compounds derived from algae and fish collagen. A series of factors were studied including the type of formulation (cream or serum), the concentration in active ingredients, the effect of repetitive applications, as well as any residual effect of the formulations after stopping their applications. The serum enriched in marine compounds showed a better moisturizing effect in short term. The cream appeared more active later, particularly following repeat applications. A sustained tensor (firming) effect was observed during treatment with both the lotion and the cream. However, no remnant firming effect was perceived after stopping treatment.     

香蕉皮化学成分的预试验及抑菌初探

采用水提法和醇提法在常温下浸泡香蕉皮24h,然后采用试管法和圆形滤纸层析法分析鉴定其化学成分。结果表明:香蕉皮中含有酚类、油脂类、有机酸、缩合鞣质、蛋白质和糖类等化学成分。为进一步研究其抑菌的有效成分,用丙酮提取香蕉皮中的鞣质和酚性成分,用乙醚提取香蕉皮中的总有机酸,以几种常见细菌为供试菌做了初步抑菌试验(测抑菌圈直径大小)。结果表明:香蕉皮中的抑菌成分主要是有机酸。     

鹿皮胶多糖对酒精性肝损伤的保护作用

目的:探究鹿皮胶多糖对急性酒精性肝损伤的保护作用。方法:采用浸提法提取鹿皮胶粗多糖,使用柱色谱分离纯化得到鹿皮胶纯多糖,应用柱色谱、红外光谱及理化学反应实验对其理化性质进行鉴定。通过测定小鼠血清中谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶 (ALT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量及肝匀浆上清液中GSH-Px、SOD活性和MDA含量,观察小鼠肝组织切片,以探究其对急性酒精性肝损伤的保护作用。结果:鹿皮胶多糖属于吡喃糖结构的酸性多糖,其形态为白色絮状,分子量为41.2 kDa,含量达86.71%,无淀粉、酚类、蛋白质、氨基酸及还原糖残基。动物实验结果显示,与模型组比较,鹿皮胶多糖中、高剂量组可显著提高小鼠血清中SOD、GSH-Px活性(P<0.05),降低ALT、AST活性和MDA含量(P<0.05);同时可显著提高肝组织匀浆上清液中SOD、GSH-Px活性(P<0.05),显著降低MDA含量(P<0.05)。结论:鹿皮胶多糖对急性酒精性肝损伤小鼠表现出明显的保护作用。     

The effect of rheological properties of experimental moisturizing creams/lotions on their efficacy and perceptual attributes

Although anecdotal evidence suggests that the rheology of creams and lotions might affect their moisturizing efficacy and perceptual qualities, to date no systematic investigation of these effects has been carried out. We prepared 12 prototype moisturizing creams that had identical overall formulae but differed in as far as they contained three different polymers (Carbopol 981, Carbopol 5984 and Permulen TR.-2) each at four concentration levels. Using these creams, we carried out two series of experiments. In the first series, we applied pre-determined quantities of creams to defined areas of skin on the forearms of eight panelists and then measured the subsequent changes in Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) and Skin Capacitance (SC) values as a function of time. In the second series, the panelists were asked to spread and rub over their entire two hands as much of the creams as they deemed necessary for achieving satisfactory perceived moisturization. In this latter series, we also weighed the amounts of cream used and measured the TEWL and SC values at several skin sites as a function of time subsequent to the cream application. The panelists also scored 14 skin attributes for each of the 12 creams used. The same procedures were also carried out with a commercial skin moisturizing cream (Keri(R)) that was used as a control. In separate laboratory experiments, the rheological properties (i.e. the elastic and viscous moduli) of the various creams at a number of frequencies were measured. The analysis of the experimental results suggested that the overall rheology of creams had little direct effect on both, the moisturizing efficacy and the perceived perceptual attributes. Neither did the overall viscoelasticity or the esthetic attributes of the preparations seem to affect the amounts of creams/lotions that the panelists judged to be necessary for achieving satisfactory perceived hand moisturization. Although all preparations contained the same occlusive material (oil) at identical concentration, nevertheless some of the preparations appeared to show different efficacies depending on the nature and the levels of the polymeric ingredient present.