共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 578 毫秒
1.
全球粮食危机的基本成因是发达国家对生物质能源的生产和市场追求,石油涨价提高了生产资料成本,国际投机资本炒作等.我国当前粮食总体消费需求与生产供给处于基本平衡,增加了粮食储备,粮食价格越来越受到金融期货价格波动的影响.文章据此提出了应对全球粮食危机的对策建议. 相似文献
2.
与普通商品相比较,粮食是一类特殊的商品。这种特殊性,在生产、流通和消费这三个环节都有所体现。粮食生产的非连续性和弱可控性,客观上加大了粮食产量和供给成本的非平滑性。需求刚性则决定了粮食需求端有较强的平稳度。粮食在生产端与需求端波动的不一致性,加大了粮食市场的波动风险。此外,由于易腐性而导致的粮食流通环节成本占比较高,进一步放大了粮食价格波动的幅度。粮食自身的特殊产品属性,决定了建立粮食储备的必要性。粮食储备制度的建立,不但对稳定本地区的粮食市场至关重要,而且对该地区经济和社会的平稳运行,同样不可或缺。 相似文献
3.
4.
不断调整的国内外经济政策,不仅对我国利用国际市场资源带来挑战,还可能通过价格传导的形式影响国内粮食价格,甚至粮食生产。在广泛搜集影响粮食价格波动相关因素的基础上,采用主成分分析和时变参数因子增强向量自回归模型(TVP-FAVAR)相结合的方法,分析了供求因素、金融及能源因素以及全球经济政策不稳定性对我国粮食价格的影响。主要研究发现如下:全球经济政策不确定性对国内粮食价格有显著的负向冲击;不同种类粮食价格对不确定性冲击的响应是有差异的。针对模型结果,提出如下政策建议:在中美贸易战愈演愈烈的今天,面对来自国际市场的不确定性冲击,政策制定者应该采取组合策略平抑国际市场的冲击;政策制定者应针对不同粮食品种实施有差别的价格政策和调节手段;加强粮食市场信息监测系统建设,提高根据价格监测信息准确解读市场行情的能力,制定多样化价格调整政策来抵消外部市场的不确定性冲击;我国可以通过与更多具有粮食出口潜力的国家实施更多的贸易自由协定,为国民寻求更加稳定的外部供给渠道,减缓主要国家贸易政策不稳定性带来的不利影响。 相似文献
5.
不断调整的国内外经济政策,不仅对我国利用国际市场资源带来挑战,还可能通过价格传导的形式影响国内粮食价格,甚至粮食生产。在广泛搜集影响粮食价格波动相关因素的基础上,采用主成分分析和时变参数因子增强向量自回归模型(TVP-FAVAR)相结合的方法,分析了供求因素、金融及能源因素以及全球经济政策不稳定性对我国粮食价格的影响。主要研究发现如下:全球经济政策不确定性对国内粮食价格有显著的负向冲击;不同种类粮食价格对不确定性冲击的响应是有差异的。针对模型结果,提出如下政策建议:在中美贸易战愈演愈烈的今天,面对来自国际市场的不确定性冲击,政策制定者应该采取组合策略平抑国际市场的冲击;政策制定者应针对不同粮食品种实施有差别的价格政策和调节手段;加强粮食市场信息监测系统建设,提高根据价格监测信息准确解读市场行情的能力,制定多样化价格调整政策来抵消外部市场的不确定性冲击;我国可以通过与更多具有粮食出口潜力的国家实施更多的贸易自由协定,为国民寻求更加稳定的外部供给渠道,减缓主要国家贸易政策不稳定性带来的不利影响。 相似文献
6.
7.
通过考察20世纪80年代以来中国小麦价格的历史演进.特别是20世纪90年代以来多种因素对粮食的影响,全面考察影响小麦的价格因素,得出影响粮食价格的关键因素.通过对小麦市场的考察,为粮食市场的价格预测,国家的粮食价格调控提供参考. 相似文献
8.
9.
一、中国粮食价格上涨的必然性
(一)农用生产资料价格上涨造成种粮成本上升
近年来,粮食价格虽然不断上升,但农用市场资料价格涨幅更大.2007年以来,在粮食收购价格上涨不过5%的情况下,化肥价格上涨幅度大部分在50%~72%之间.农民种粮基本上无利可图.现在国内与粮食有关的生产、流通、加工、消费等环节,都已经实现市场化了,但是粮食价格波动却受到政府的高度关注,虽然有粮食补贴,但其增幅远远赶不上农用生产资料价格上升的幅度. 相似文献
10.
<正>粮食作为基本生活必需品,价格的提高牵一发而动全身。不仅会促使物价上涨,而且会加速通货膨胀,影响粮食价格的因素除了粮食本身的价值外,还有流通存贮等环节因素直接关系到国家粮食的宏观调控政策的成效。所以如何对粮食流通中的物流进行优化,提高流通效率,降低流通费用,成为国家当前粮食调控中面临的重大课题。 相似文献
11.
12.
对茧丝价格波动的过程和原因进行了分析,说明茧丝不但价格不断波动,其价值随着时间的变化也会发生变化。茧丝价格的变化有明显的周期性,可分为上升期和下降期。在上升期会出现价格和需求一起上涨的现象,具有"吉芬商品"的特征。供求关系的改变是价格变化的动力。供求关系中的需求由实际需求和投机需求构成,投机需求在价格波动周期的后期对价格的影响会越来越大。茧丝价格的变化过程是人们观念的改变过程,更是丝绸产品内在价值被发现的过程。 相似文献
13.
中国粮食安全尤其是口粮安全问题引起人们广泛的关注。为研究农村居民口粮消费与经济因素的关系,探讨家庭收入和价格变化对中国农村居民口粮消费的影响,以及价格变化对口粮间的消费替代研究,本文对全国2003—2009年的省级农村消费数据进行了整理,采用非参数估计方法,确定AIDS消费模型的类型,并得到了口粮消费的自价格弹性、互价格弹性、支出弹性等。结果发现,随着收入的上涨,居民倾向消费更多的是水稻;小麦和水稻之间有较强的替代性。农村居民收入的增长,将推动口粮消费的变化,尤其促进水稻消费增长,因此文章最后提出了,优先重视发展水稻生产的建议。 相似文献
14.
Short run effects of a price on carbon dioxide emissions from U.S. electric generators 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Newcomer A Blumsack SA Apt J Lave LB Morgan MG 《Environmental science & technology》2008,42(9):3139-3144
The price of delivered electricity will rise if generators have to pay for carbon dioxide emissions through an implicit or explicit mechanism. There are two main effects that a substantial price on CO2 emissions would have in the short run (before the generation fleet changes significantly). First, consumers would react to increased price by buying less, described by their price elasticity of demand. Second, a price on CO2 emissions would change the order in which existing generators are economically dispatched, depending on their carbon dioxide emissions and marginal fuel prices. Both the price increase and dispatch changes depend on the mix of generation technologies and fuels in the region available for dispatch, although the consumer response to higher prices is the dominant effect. We estimate that the instantaneous imposition of a price of $35 per metric ton on CO2 emissions would lead to a 10% reduction in CO2 emissions in PJM and MISO at a price elasticity of -0.1. Reductions in ERCOT would be about one-third as large. Thus, a price on CO2 emissions that has been shown in earlier workto stimulate investment in new generation technology also provides significant CO2 reductions before new technology is deployed at large scale. 相似文献
15.
Philip C. Williams Patricia M. Starkey 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》1980,31(11):1201-1213
Mixed feeds are composed of a wide variety of constituents incorporated to a basic grain formulation. The composition varies depending on daily price fluctuations in commodities. The components most frequently encountered in the feed industry include the cereals, wheat, barley, maize and oats. Protein concentrates include soya bean and rapeseed meals, meatmeal and fishmeal. Roughage is provided by dried grasses and other forage such as lucerne (alfalfa). Other additives are present in the form of vitamin and mineral supplements and antibiotics. Due to differences in mean particle size, particle size distribution and bulk density the slopes of instrument response to composition show significant differences between commodities. The influence of addition of various commodities to basic grain calibrations is illustrated for wheat, barley and maize calibrations. Successful application of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy technology to the analysis of mixed feeds for protein has been achieved using a Neotec Model 41 GQA, by preparing separate calibrations for cattle feeds (with and without urea), pig and poultry feeds. 相似文献
16.
17.
Aggregate stocks of major grains declined to minimal feasible levels in 2007–2008, due to high global income growth and biofuel mandates. Given these minimal stocks, prices were very sensitive to shocks, such as the Australian drought, and biofuel demand boosts due to the oil price spike. The effects of these shocks were magnified by a sequence of trade restrictions by key exporters to protect vulnerable consumers. Beginning in the ‘thin’ global rice market in the fall of 2007, these turned market anxiety into panic. Recognizing the unreliability of imports, vulnerable countries, including some in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), are now considering investing in strategic reserves, pursuing self sufficiency and acquiring foreign land to ensure grain supplies for domestic consumption. The associated expense and negative incentive effects on national reserves may be acceptable if they have quantitative targets related to the needs of the most vulnerable, for distribution only in emergencies. In many MENA countries, heavy subsidies on grain consumption for both rich and poor reduce the stabilizing response of consumption to price, and increase reserves needed to ensure food security. Accumulation of stocks is a more efficient strategy than pursuit of self-sufficiency in most MENA countries, as they have no comparative advantage in expanding agriculture, given restricted water supplies. Acquisition of foreign lands leaves food supplies exposed to sovereign risk and other supply chain problems beyond importers’ control. MENA countries could cooperate and so smooth much of the risk posed by fluctuations in their own harvests. 相似文献