植物染料HT-CT对毛织物染色性能及其工艺的研究

研究了HT-CT色素的耐沸水稳定性、耐酸碱稳定性,染色方法以及各染色工艺参数对染色毛织物颜色特征值、色牢度的影响.结果表明:HT-CT色素在100℃沸水中稳定;在酸性至中性条件下稳定,而在碱性条件下颜色增深;染毛织物适宜采用铝离子后媒染色方法,主要工艺参数为:浴比1:25,染料植物用量50%(owf),染色温度100℃,染浴pH值6,铝媒染剂用量5%;HT-CT染色毛织物的耐洗色牢度、耐汗渍色牢度、耐摩擦色牢度均较好,达到国家标准3级以上.     

茜草染料的提取及其在羊毛织物上的染色性能研究

文章以茜草染料染毛织物为出发点,研究了茜草染液的提取方法以及染色工艺参数对其染色效果的影响.结果表明,发酵24 h后,采用酒精提取的茜草染液所染毛织物颜色更红更深;茜草提取液在100℃沸水中能稳定存在2 h,但其耐酸、碱稳定性较差;茜草染料染毛织物的优化工艺为:染液用量6 ml,染液用量与铝离子媒染剂比例1∶2,染色温度100℃,pH值4.5.     

板栗壳天然染料对羊毛织物染色性能的研究

分析板栗壳天然染料的性能,对染料在毛织物上进行染色实验.选择染色温度、染液浓度、染浴pH值、氯化钠质量浓度进行正交试验.测出染色过程的相关参数,从中选择出最佳染色条件.同时,对染色试样的各项牢度进行了测试.结果表明,板栗壳提取液在100℃沸水中能稳定存在,但其耐酸、碱稳定性差;板栗壳染料染毛织物的优化工艺为:染色温度100℃、浓度为X、pH值5、氯化钠质量浓度9.3 g/L;织物的干、湿摩擦牢度和皂洗沾色牢度较好.     

涤纶珊瑚绒的茜草提取色素染色

采用茜草提取色素对涤纶珊瑚绒织物进行染色,分析了染色pH值和温度对色谱的影响,测试了染色织物的色牢度。通过紫外可见光谱和高效液相色谱分析了茜草提取色素的主要成分;通过染色热力学/动力学研究,揭示了茜草色素对涤纶的染色机理。结果表明:茜草提取色素在酸性条件下染色得到黄色色谱,随着染色pH值的增大,织物黄光降低,红光增大;碱性条件下染色得到红色色谱;随着染色温度的提高,红光减弱,黄光基本不变。120℃染色涤纶织物的耐皂洗褪色牢度≥3.5级,耐洗沾色牢度≥4.5级,耐干湿摩擦色牢度均在4级以上。茜素对涤纶珊瑚绒织物的吸附符合Nernst吸附模型。     

菊花色素的稳定性及其在蓖麻蚕丝上的染色性能研究

主要研究菊花色素的耐酸碱稳定性、耐热稳定性、耐金属离子的稳定性,以及菊花色素在蓖麻蚕丝上的染色性能。研究结果表明:菊花染液在p H值为4~7时相对比较稳定,可以染蓖麻蚕丝;金属离子对菊花染料上染蓖麻蚕丝具有增色作用;菊花色素在温度100℃以下较稳定,100℃以下可以染色;菊花色素染蓖麻蚕丝纤维的最佳染色工艺条件为:染色浴比1∶30,铝预媒染,植物染料菊花质量浓度15 g/L,媒染剂质量浓度1.8 g/L,染液p H值4,染色温度100℃。     

板栗壳天然染料的提取及对毛织物染色的研究

板栗壳中的色素是一种天然植物染料,文章通过对提取液吸光度的测试及其染色毛织物K/S值的测试与分析,讨论了染料的提取工艺及毛织物采用板栗壳天然染料染色时p H值、染料用量、染色温度、染色时间对织物染色效果的影响。结果表明,Na OH溶液是板栗壳色素提取的最佳试剂,板栗壳天然植物染料对精纺毛织物染色的最佳工艺为:染液p H值3,染料用量60 m L/L,染色温度80℃,染色时间100 min。在此工艺条件下染色毛织物可以获得较好的染色效果,色牢度能够达到服用要求。     

葡萄籽染料对毛织物的染色性能

葡萄籽植物染料资源丰富,通过研究染色温度、染浴pH值对其染色性能的影响,优化了毛织物的直接染色工艺,测试了牢度和抗紫外性能.结果表明,葡萄籽染料耐热、耐酸稳定性好,但耐碱稳定性差;葡萄籽染料可采用直接染、预媒染和后媒染多种染色工艺对毛织物染色,采用不同的媒染剂和不同的染色方法可得到不同颜色的毛织物.葡萄籽染料在100℃、酸性及弱酸性条件下(染浴pH值3～6)对毛织物的直接染色性好,所染毛织物具有较好的皂洗、摩擦、升华牢度及抗紫外性能.     

五倍子染料的提取及其在羊毛织物上的染色性能研究

本文侧重以五倍子染料染得更深、牢度更好的毛织物为出发点,研究了五倍子染液的提取方法以及染色工艺参数对其染色效果的影响。结果表明,五倍子可选择在100℃提取,五倍子提取液在100℃沸水中能稳定存在2h,其耐酸较好,但耐碱性差;五倍子染料染毛织物的优化工艺为：铁离子媒染剂浓度7．5％（omf）,植物染料用量为50％（omf）,Ph4,染色温度100℃。     

壳聚糖改性棉织物的茜草染色

采用壳聚糖对棉织物进行改性处理后,以硫酸铝钾为媒染剂,采用天然茜草染料对棉织物进行后媒染染色,优化改性工艺和染色工艺。研究表明:壳聚糖对棉织物最佳改性工艺为壳聚糖质量分数45%,改性时间为20 min,改性温度80℃;茜草染料对壳聚糖改性棉织物的最佳染色工艺为媒染剂6%,茜草染料0.16 g/L,上染温度80℃,染色时间70 min。经壳聚糖改性后,茜草染色棉织物的耐摩擦色牢度与耐皂洗色牢度均有一定程度的提高,在耐皂洗色牢度方面仍需研究改善。     

真丝织物的茜草根植物染料染色

以茜草根为原料，选用酸提取法提取色素，并进行染色，分析了染液pH、染色温度、染色时间、茜草染料质量分数对真丝织物染色效果的影响。优化的染色工艺为：茜草染料质量分数400%(omf),pH=3，染色温度95℃，保温时间70 min。染色织物呈“茜红”色，耐摩擦、耐日晒和耐水洗等各项色牢度基本达到3级以上。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

Focus on China's Paper Industry

In the English section of this issue, 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 will introduce ＂National Development and Reform Commission Issued Announcement for Selection of Major Preliminary Research Projects for the ＇13th Five-Year Plan＇＂, ＂2013 Annual Report of China＇s Paper Industry＂, and news of projects and other policies.     

Listen to downstream & search for innovation

正Nowadays,textile enterprises are all taking efforts in transformation and upgrading,like improving producing capacity and optimizing production structure to face market downturn.It claimed a higher request to the standard of textile equipments.In the upcoming of ITMA ASIA+CITME 2014exhibition,this magazine have interviewed several branch associations and a series of relative enterprises,to summarize industrial developing status